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Biodiesel production
The processing rape into fuel includes the following steps:• oil extrusion• preparation of oil to transesterification process, • preparing potassium methoxide (the catalyst mixture),• transesterification process,• separating ester fraction from glycero fractionl,• filtration (cleaning, esters rinsing)• drainage,• finished biodiesel.
Biodiesel production
Rapeseed oil
Machine press
Press cake
Reactor
Methanol
Catalyst
Separator
Glycerin phase
Washer
Water
BIODIESEL
Transesterification of rapeseed oil
A process of obtaining a biodiesel is a transesterification reaction, involving the conversion of glycerol contained in vegetable oilinto a low molecular weight alcohol, ie., methanol, ethanol or another.It proceeds according to the reaction shown in the scheme.
Biodiesel production
The advantages of using biodiesel
• reduction of sulfur emissions,• reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions,• the lowering of smoke opacity level,• there is no sulfur compounds and carcinogenic, mutagenic compounds and other hydrocarbons,• explosion-proof features,• biodegradable,• while using biodiesel the power and the torque for most engines do not change,• the addition of fatty acid methyl esters to sulfur-free fuel oils improves lubricating properties of oil.
The advantages of using biodiesel
Disadvantages of using biodiesel
The disadvantages of using biodiesel include the presence in the exhaust gas of acrylic aldehyde or acrolein, which is responsible for the smell of French fries of exhaust fumes. However, it is possible to eliminate the acrolein from the exhaust gas by using the catalyst.The adverse effect observed during storage of both rapeseed oil methyl ester, and the oil is instability. Methyl esters of fatty acids having ester bonds, as well as fatty acids having unsaturated bonds in carbon chain undergo changes such us hydrolysis, polymerization. Hydrolysis of the methyl esters of fatty acids depends mainly on the presence of water, wherein the biodiesel ability to bind water is approx. 40 times higher than that of diesel. During the storage of these fuels microbial growth and slime substances forming can also be observed. They can accumulate in the car tank and mesh filter or on the walls of fuel lines hindering the flow of fuel.
Feedstock Oil
MethanolCatalyst
Raw Biodiesel
Fuel-Grade Biodiesel
Water
Wash Water Glycerol
(with methanol)
Glycerin
Drier
Reactor
Washer
Separator
ReferencesReferences
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2. Transestryfikacja w syntezie estrów metylowych oleju rzepakowego - instrukcja do ćwiczeń laboratoryjnych. Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Organicznej i Petrochemii.
3. Biopaliwa - instrukcja do ćwiczeń laboratoryjnych. Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Organicznej i Petrochemii.
4. Biopaliwa - transestryfikacja oleju rzepakowego - instrukcja do ćwiczeń laboratoryjnych. Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Wydział Chemii, Zakład Technologii Chemicznej.
