FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY

SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007

Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org

Presented by :Dr. R.K. KHANDAL

1. Fundamentals vis-à-vis Applied

2. Understanding Fundamentals of Chemistry

3. Chemistry for Life Support Systems

4. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry

5. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition

6. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future

7. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas

8. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development

Outline of the Presentation

Fundamentals vis à vis Applied

Fundamentals

Research

Understanding

Conception

Reasoning (How?)

Description

Value

Applied

Development

Explain

Demonstrate

Use

Improve

Value addition

Unless applied, fundamentals remain dormant; convert knowledge into product

Understanding Chemicals

Fundamentals

Physical characteristics• State • Stability

Chemical characteristics• Nature• Functionality

Reactivity

Applied forStorage

Preservation

Safety

Designing of new chemicals

New materials and products

Understanding of fundamental chemistry always helps in meeting the challenges through applied chemistry

Understanding Fundamentals

Fundamentals

Electronic structure

Nuclear constitution

Atoms and molecules

Functionality

Heat transfer

Speed and order

Lattice structure

Oxidation-reduction

Applied Periodic table

Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry

Compounds (Synthetic

Chemistry)

Polymers and Organic Chemicals

Thermodynamics

Kinetics

Alloys

Metals Applied chemistry plays an important role in

the development and growth

Life Support Systems

Survival

Chemistry for Life Support System

Materials Energy

Water

Air

Food

Consist of materials made up of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals

Housing

Infrastructure

Transport

Bio-Fuel

Petroleum & Coal

Nuclear

Life Support Systems

Driving Force for Applied Chemistry

Industrial Challenges

Material Challenges

Value Addition

Sustainability

All challenges lead to opportunities for applied chemistry in various industrial sectors; results in value addition and each time the research is applied

Use of Sugar (Carbohydrate)

Smell of Garlic (Diallyl disulphide)

Use of Salt (Sodium chloride)

Red hot chillies (Capsaicin)

Applied Chemistry; Value Addition

Preservatives Pickles

Pickles and Medicines

Preservatives

Food Chemistry

Ethylene

Vinyl acetate

Adhesives, paints & coating, copolymers

Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigantsMEG-heat transfer fluid, PETDEG-softener, plastisizer, solventsPEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants

Ethylene oxide

Engineering plastic

Acetals

Antifreeze agent, automobilepolyester resins

Ethylene glycolLDPEHDPELLDPE

Packaging, molded itemspipes & tubes

Ethyl benzene

Styrenicplastic, paint

Value Addition Through Chemistry

Phenol

Esters

Adipic acid

Resin-PF

Insulating foamFoundryAdhesiveCoatingMoulded items

Alkyl phenols

Cresol : LaminationNonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives

Aniline

Rubber chemicalsAgro ChemicalsPharmaceuticalsDye intermediates

Value Addition Through Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Fie

lds o

f C

hem

istr

y

PAST

PRESENT FUTURE

Polymer Chemistry

Textile Chemistry

Mineral Chemistry

Photo Chemistry

Material Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Medicinal Chemistry

Biochemistry

Food/Agro Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Nano Chemistry

Combinatorial Chemistry

Green Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Radiation Chemistry

Chemistry : Past, Present & Future

The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry

Polymers

Applications of Polymer Chemistry

Packaging

Textile

Building Materials

Medicinal

Electronics

Lightweight

Durable

Cost effective

Variety

available

Food wrapping/storage in skin, leaves and salts

Storage in Glass jars

Storage in Metal container

Storage in Plastic pouches

Retortable

Vacuum

Permeable

Aseptic

Early times…..

19th -20th century……

20th century……

21th century……

Chemistry in Packaging Industry

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Applications of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Drug designing

Growth rate of Pharma industry:

World : 8.0 % per year

India : 9.0 % per year

(Medical News Today, May 2005) Herbal medicines to become more popular !

Scientific studies would help to provide better alternatives for health care

Drug safety

Drug efficacy

Drug synthesis

Agrochemicals

Applications of Agrochemicals

Herbicide, Insecticides, Nematocides

Preservatives

Manure

Fertilizers

Plant growth regulators

India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicalsIndustry is worth of Rs. 3600 croreGlobal market $ 2700 million

•Minimum residue•Maximum degradation•High effectivity•Effective only at the

target

Performance Chemicals

Applications of Performance Chemicals

Soaps, Surfactants & Detergents

Polymer additives

Personal care products

Food additives

Flavors & Fragrances

• Multifunctional• Synergistic• Hyperactive• Selective• Environment friendly

MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER

Production with minimum area & minimum chemicals

Reasons for shifted focusArea

Agrochemicals

Long term effects & minimum side effects

Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution

Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment

Comfort with minimum maintenance

Pharmaceuticals

Automobiles & oils

Plastics

Textiles

Mining

Paints & Coatings

Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals

Safety with minimum health hazards

Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution

Soaps & Detergents Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden

Leather Appearance & performance with minimum processing time

Cosmetics Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy

Green Chemistry

Applications of Green Chemistry

Waste minimization

Separation Processes

Energy Efficiency

Catalysis

Process Intensification

• Also called sustainable

chemistry

• Encourages the design

of products &

processes that reduce

the use & generation of

hazardous substances

Safer reaction & reagents

Solvent replacement

Use of renewable feedstock

Minimize potential for accidentsAvoid chemical derivatives

Analyze in real time to prevent pollution

Nanoparticles

Applications of Nano Chemistry

Defence

Bio Medical

Automative Industry

Space

Aerospace

• Emerging field

•Wide applications

Accelerometers

Pressure sensors

Drug infusion pumps

Microneedles

Glucometer

Air bags

Tyre pressure sensors

Fuel injection systems

Pressure sensors

Optical gyros

Propulsion systems

Health monitoring accelerometers

Pressure sensors

Most important requirement of industry Improve our food chain system

• Basic for clinical laboratory tests

• Help physicians diagnose disease

• Quality of environment

• Remedial measures for contaminants

Quality assurance of raw materials

Quality assurance of products

Compositions for product

development

Impurities and toxic contaminants

Nutrients and label claims

Meet the statutory requirements

Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society Benchmarking of products and R & D Improving quality of life

Industry

Food

Environment

Air

Water

Soil

Functional Foods

Pharmaceuticals

Materials

Paints

Polymer/ Textiles

Metal/ Minerals

Cement

Fuels

Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Energy

Environment

Food

New Materials

360° approach of development through Chemistry

Chemistry for Sustainable Development

New Materials

Renewable starting materials

Water based reaction media

Present day chemistry challenges involves the development of alternatives with assured sustainability

Chemistry in Support of sustainability

Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction

Environmentally benign feedstocks/synthesis

Pharmaceuticals

Greener solvents

Bio-based synthesis ad processing

Conversion of biomass to chemicals

Challenge for Chemists

Everything in the cycle moves through chemicals

pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses

Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and

hence, thermodynamically feasible, possible and

stable

Cradle

CHEMISTRY

Environment & Ecology

Biodiversity

Grave

Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry

THANK YOU