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Presented during the Tshwane University of Technology, Open Access Symposium 22 October 2014
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Be Seen! Be Cited!
Have Impact!Open Access and the Role of the
Academy of Science of South Africa
Ina Smith, Louise van Heerden
22 October 2014
What is Open Access?
Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles,
coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.
Why Open Access?
• Research is expensive
• Publishing on WWW comes at minimal cost
• OA accelerates the pace of scientific discovery, encourages innovation, enriches education, stimulates the economy
Why Open Access?
• Increased visibility, citations, impact
• Encourages scientific dialogue, collaboration
• Continuous review process
• Rapid dissemination
Open Access Saving Lives
Fifteen-year-old high school student Jack Andraka has created a pancreatic cancer test that is 168 times faster and considerably cheaper than the gold
standard in the field.
Open Access Advancing Innovation
“Tesla Motors was created to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. If we clear a path to the creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal. Tesla will not initiate patent
lawsuits against anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.” – Elon Musk, CEO
Open Access Informing Society
Open Access Influencing Policy
2013 Article published in Food Control (Elsevier)
27 Feb. 2013 uploaded
12 Nov. 2013 984 downloads
13 May 2014 1 534 downloads
21 Oct. 2014 1 950 downloads
21 Oct. 2014 15 citations
Open Access Routes
• Green: Institutional Repository (IR)Submit a 2nd copy of research output (articles), theses, dissertations, data sets, open educational resources (OERs), etc.
• Gold: Open Access Journal Titles- Publish in OA journal titles - Offer OA journal hosting service
Institutional Repository
• Central online archive
• Collecting, digitally preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the intellectual output (research) of an institution
• More accessible (open), more researchers, more impact
Institutional Repository Landscape
Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) 3 817 (SA 43)Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR)
2 600+ (SA 24)
Webometrics Ranking Web of Repositories 1 983 (SA 22)
Example: SUNScholar
Open Access Journal
• Peer-reviewed
• Serve as forum for introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research & critique existing research
• Available online to reader without financial, legal, technical barriers
Scholarly Journal Publishing Landscape
Database Titles
Genamics JournalSeek 102 139
Thomson Reuters Master Journal List 16 970
Scopus SCImago Journal & Country Rank 29 385
JURN Directory 3 000
Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory 336 000+
Open Access Scholarly Journal Publishing Landscape
http://doaj.org/
10 032 titles
10 032 titles
SA Open Access Scholarly Journal Publishing Landscape
AOSiS26
AOSiS26
ASSAf47
ASSAf47
SU20SU20
AJOL86
AJOL86
OASPA
Non-OASPA
HMPG11
HMPG11
Sabinet95
Sabinet95
Institutional Scholarly Journal Publishing Landscape
Example: Stellenbosch University
Open Access 59Subscription 47Total 106
http://wiki.lib.sun.ac.za/index.php/SUNJournals/list
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF SOUTH AFRICA (ASSAf)
The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) receives funding from
the Department of Science and Technology, along with the NRF, CSIR,
HSRC and the SA National Space Agency.
(Universities in turn receive funding from DHET)
ASSAf’s Mission:
Using science for the benefit of society
ASSAf EVIDENCE BASED REPORTS
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF SOUTH AFRICA (ASSAf)
The 2006 Academy of Science of South Africa’s Report on a Strategic
Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa revealed the
invisibility of South African Research
INVISIBILITY
-Papers published in 60 SA journals received not even 1
citation in any of the 9 000 WoS (TR) journals over a 15-year
period
-About 75% of SA scholarly research is not internationally
visible or accessible
•Of the 270+ South African scholarly journals accredited by
DHET, only ±70 are indexed in the Web of Science (Thomson
Reuter) (formerly known as ISI) academic citation index
INVISIBILITY (continued)
•Journals from Africa & the Middle East comprise 1% of the Web of
Science
•Furthermore, articles (journals) published by commercial publishers
are not available to researchers who cannot pay for the subscription
fees which renders them invisible to the majority of South Africans
-Journals that are mainly print based are not accessible via the Web
-Quality of the content was very low at the time – not adhering to
international standards
RESPONSE FROM GOVERNMENT
•Department of Higher Education & Training (DHET): Encouraging
journals to adhere to international editorial standards. ASSAf now
evaluated the quality of SA journals for accreditation purposes on behalf
of DHET
•Department of Science & Technology (DST): The creation of an
open access collection with optimal indexibility to promote South
African scholarly research through enhanced visibility of and easier
access to South African research, leading to higher citation rates and
greater collaboration.
DST & DHET approached the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) for
help
DST & DHET approached the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) for
help.
Within the countries’ National System of Innovation (NSI) ASSAf’s
Scholarly Publishing Programme has been mandated to focus on the
QUALITY
VISIBILITY
ACCESS
INDEXIBILITY of peer-reviewed South African scholarly publications
Review
SPP(Scholarly Publishing
Programme)
REPORTS
e.g.Report on Research
Publishing in SA
ASSAf EVIDENCE-BASED
REPORTS for decision making
Peer Review Panels
National Scholarly Editors’ ForumBook Study
Online Scientific Writing
SciELO SA
1st – QUALITYTowards a new quality assurance system in
SA
• In 2009 DHET approached ASSAf to undertake the quality evaluation of
the content of South African journals
• ASSAf is facilitating the external peer reviewing of SA journals
• Aim: To establish their quality and their role in the nation’s knowledge
capital and to provide journals with advice on how to improve their
journals
Improving the quality of South African journals
PEER-REVIEWING OF SA JOURNALS
– +/- 270 SA journals divided into broad subject (discipline) groups
– ASSAf has appointed panels and reviewers (from the ASSAf
membership or other experts in the field)
– Formulated process guidelines and editor questionnaires
– Published 6 Reports: Social Sciences; Agriculture; Theology; Health;
and Law
– Rolling out the 8 groups as by end-2014
2nd VISIBILITYIncreasing visibility of SA scholarly
research
• Based on the Recommendations of the ASSAf Report on a
Strategic Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa
DST decided on the creation of an open access collection to
improve the visibility of SA publications both locally and
internationally
• The collection would include SA journals recommended by the
ASSAf Peer Review Panels for inclusion in the collection
• The creation of a an open access SA collection is a service to the
South African research community towards the development of a
knowledge economy and new innovation in South Africa
2nd VISIBILITYIncreasing visibility of SA scholarly
research
• ASSAf selected the SciELO publishing model
• In 2009 the SciELO SA open access platform was established
• Currently: 45 titles in the collection
• The journals that are peer-reviewed by ASSAf and indicate
proven quality (peer review, international indexing) are invited
to join the SciELO SA collection
• Aim: to invite ± 180 titles out of 270 SA journal titles to join the
collection
WHAT IS SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) ?
•A digital library of open access journals
•Portal to all the SciELO articles
•A cooperative electronic publishing model aimed at developing countries
•Originally from Brazil, currently in 12 countries with 3 more in development
WHY SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) ?
Open access
South African research becomes searchable through the SciELO network portal which feeds into the Web of Knowledge portal
Exchange of metadata with other international databases
Designed for the needs of developing countries
The SciELO Network focuses on promoting the scientific publications from countries in the South, whereas the well-established ‘Web of Science’ has until recently been focused mainly on the scientific publications of developed countries in the North.
ORIGIN OF THE SciELO INDEX
Research from developing countries are being excluded from the
WoS/TR (JCR) indexing and citation system
Few journals of developing countries are read in or outside their
country
Scientific American, v.237, p.76-83. 1995
So in line then with the mandate of the
Academy of Science of South Africa
to apply scientific thinking
in the service of society
one of these “Service to Society” projects is the creation of an
open access full-text database
of prestigious academic South African journals to improve access &
visibility
• Managed by the Academy of Science of SA
• Mainly funded by the Department of Science & Technology
• Partially funded and endorsed by the Department of Higher
Education & Training
• Only high quality journal are included (ASSAf Peer Review Panels)
• Strengthens the scholarly journal evaluation and accreditation
systems in South Africa
www.scielo.org.za
3rd ACCESS SciELO Growth
SciELO SA September 2014
Titles 47 titles
Issues 598 issues
Articles 9 721 articles
Growth in SciELO SA site visits
41
Growth in cities visiting SciELO SA
42
INCREASE IN VISIBILITY OF PRINT-ONLY JOURNALS
Journal title Articles viewed
From 2010 to date
South African Orthopaedic Journal 136 951
Kronos: Southern African Histories 60 254
Psychology in Society (PINS) 32 678
4th INDEXABILITY – MAXIMIZING LINKS
The creation of optimal links from SciELO Journals to the main international databases increases the visibility and citations of these journals on national and international levels
SciELO IS WELL OPTIMISED FOR
SEARCH ENGINES – AN EXAMPLE
IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS TO ENSURE CONTINUED QUALITY ASSURANCE, VISIBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY FOR SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNALS
• SciELO SA collection certified in April 2013
• Included on the Web of Knowledge platform
• Have a signed a Memorandum of Agreement with DHET to quality peer
review ALL South African journals
• Proposed change in the DHET policy for the automatic accreditation of
SciELO SA journals for subsidy purposes. Waiting for final notification from
Parliament for 2015 publications
ACTION
•Encourage researchers to publish in open access journals
•Encourage editors to join ASSAf’s National Editor’s Forum
Ina Smith, Planning Manager: SciELO SA
Louise van Heerden, Operations Manager: SciELO SA
www.assaf.org.za