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A simple visual learning on what is chunking, why we need to chunk and how to chunk the content especially for e-Learning materials.
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What is Chunking?
Why chunk content?
How to Chunk?
What is Chunking?
Strategy
Easy to ManageShorter
Bite-size pieces
Easier to remember
InformationBreaking up content
Chunking is a strategy used to improve memory performance.
What is Chunking?
Organising and grouping various pieces of information togetherOrganise
Memorise the chunks instead of the individual information - working memory hold a limited amount of data at the same time.
Process
Easy retrieval of the information (short-term memory)Retrieve
These chunks also act as cues, allowing for easy recollection of information.
Cues
Our Memory
Before we learn further, let’s
understand these 2 terms.
Short-term Memory
Working Memory
After this, information is either committed to long term
memory, or lost all together.
What is Short-term Memory?
Sounds
imageswords
Stores information for about 20 - 30 seconds.
Stores sounds,
images and words
Hello Premier Brain Ice Cream
Short-term Memory Characteristics
The 3 Main Characteristics
Last up to 20 seconds.
Its capacity is limited to 7 ±2 chunks of independent information (Miller’s Law)
Reasons for weakening of memory, include (medication, sleep deprivation or a head injury )
Brief Duration
7 ± 2 Chunks
Weakening
Working Memory
Learning is the process of acquiring new information in your working memory and integrating it with existing knowledge in your long-term memory. Once it’s in long-term memory you can
recall it and apply the knowledge to the real world.
This is how our brain process the
information received.
Working Memory
So, chunking the content helps our brain to
process new information more easier
and faster.
HAIYA!!!
OK, now we learn how to chunk The Content
But, why chunk content? It helps you present
information in a way that makes it easy for
your audience to understand and
remember.
3 Chunking Strategies
• Remove irrelevant or unnecessary information
Classify and prioritize the e-Learning course’s content
• Separate your e-Learning course’s content in modules and then divide them into sections.
Efficiently group your e-Learning course’s content
• Content should have a rational flow, starting from basic and broad concepts and then progressively advance into more complex ideas. Each concept should contain the right amount of information.
Organize your information
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Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow learning curves. Learning is not compulsory; it is contextual. It does not happen all at once, but builds upon and is shaped by what we already know. To that end, learning may be viewed as a process, rather than a collection of factual and procedural knowledge. Learning produces changes in the organism and the changes produced are relatively permanent
How to Chunk Content?
1 Start by listing topics covered by your learning outcomes.
2 Group the topics into similar items.
3 Give a topic name to each group.
Example: Content Chunking
Topic 1: item A Topic 2: item B Topic 3: item C Topic 4: item D Topic 5: item E Topic 6: item F Topic 7: item GTopic 8: item HTopic 9: item J
Step 1 List all topics covered by your learning outcomes.
Example: Content ChunkingStep 2 Group the topics into similar items
Topic 1: item A Topic 2: item B Topic 3: item C Topic 4: item D Topic 5: item E Topic 6: item F Topic 7: item GTopic 8: item HTopic 9: item J
Example: Content ChunkingStep 3 Give a topic name to each group
Topic 1: item A Topic 2: item B Topic 3: item C Topic 4: item D Topic 5: item E Topic 6: item F Topic 7: item GTopic 8: item HTopic 9: item J
Basic of x
Types of y
Process of z
Process of w
System concept descriptions provide:
• The missions, features, capabilities and functions of the system • Major system components and interactions • Operational environment including manual procedures required • Operational modes such as production, backup and maintenance • Interfaces with other systems • Required performance characteristics such as response time, throughput
and data volumes • Quality attributes such as availability, reliability and usability • Other considerations such as security, audit, safety and failure modes in
emergency situations • Deployment considerations such as acquisition of business data to
support the system including data cleansing and loading • The classes of users that will interact with the system • Requirements for support of the system such as maintenance
organization and help desk.
The following bulleted list has too many chunks presented at once:
Bad Example
• The missions, features, capabilities and functions of the system• Major system components and interactions• Operational environment including manual procedures required• Operational modes such as production, backup and maintenance• Interfaces with other systems
Functional Requirements
• Required performance characteristics such as response time, throughput and data volumes
• Quality attributes such as availability, reliability and usability • Other considerations such as security, audit, safety and failure modes in
emergency situations
Non-functional Requirements
• Deployment considerations such as acquisition of business data to support the system including data cleansing and loading
• The classes of users that will interact with the system • Requirements for support of the system such as maintenance organization and
help desk.
Deployment and Operational Requirements
System concept descriptions provide:Example 1 (Bullet Style)
System concept descriptions provide:
Example 2 (Diagram)
Functional RequirementsThe missions, features,
capabilities and functions of the system
Major system components and interactions
Operational environment including manual
procedures required
Operational modes such as production, backup and
maintenance
Interfaces with other systems
Non-functional Requirements
Required performance characteristics such as
response time, throughput and data volumes
Quality attributes such as availability, reliability and
usability
Other considerations such as security, audit, safety
and failure modes in emergency situations
Deployment and Operational
Requirements Deployment considerations
such as acquisition of business data to support the system including data
cleansing and loading
The classes of users that will interact with the
system
Requirements for support of the system such as
maintenance organization and help desk.
Activity256398741
Try to memorize the following "code symbols" in
20 seconds
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
By grouping the symbols into a meaningful, memorable pattern, we reduce the number of individual things you have to memorise.
How about now? It is easier right?
Chop
content
Summary
Easy to learn
Improve
memory
performance
Yeah! It has Improved my
memory performance!
References
http://elearningindustry.com/3-chunking-strategies-that-every-instructional-designer-should-know
3 Chunking Strategies
Chunking Psychology
Effective Memory Strategy
4 Tips for Content Chunking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_%28psychology%29
https://k12teacherstaffdevelopment.com/tlb/how-can-i-use-chunking-as-an-effective-memory-strategy-in-the-classroom/
http://elearningindustry.com/4-tips-for-content-chunking-in-e-learning
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Fareeza Marican Abu Backer MaricarSenior Learning Designer
E-mail : [email protected] : www.slideshare.net/FareezaM Twitter: http://twitter.com/fareeza81IMU : http://www.imu.edu.my