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Basic Definitions Of Business Research Methods
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Research
It is a process if gathering information to answer a question
Induction
Induction involves observation and investigation into the relationship between meanings and actions of human subject
Deduction
Deduction involves the formulation of hypotheses
Basic research
Research done mainly to enhance the understanding of certain problems that commonly occur in an organization setting and seeking method of solving is called basic research
Applied research
Research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve
Specific problems currently being experience in an organization
Exploratory research
The perpose of exploratory research is to seek new insights and find out what is happening
Explanatory research
This research explain a situtaion or problem usually in the form in the form of casual relationships
Discriptive research
This type of research sets out to provide an accurate profile of situation, people, or events
Quantitative research
Is a formal, objective, systematic process in which nomarical data is utilized to obtain information about the world
Qulitative research
In formal, subjective research approch that usually emphasis words rather than numbers in the collection
Mix method research
In approch is one in which the researcher tends to base knowledge, claims on pragmatic grounds
Paradigm
Term paradigm describe as essentialy a collection of belive shared by scientists, a set of aggrements about how problems are to be understood, how we view the world and thus go about conduc ting research
Theory
In psychology and education, a common definition of learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and world views
Concept
An extensional definition of a concept or term formulates its meaning by specifying its extension, that is, every object that falls under the definition of the concept or term in question
Variable
An operational definition is a demonstration of a process – such as a variable, term, or object – in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity.
Proposition
A proposition is a sentence expressing something true or false. In philosophy, particularly in logic, a proposition is identified ontologically as an idea, concept, or abstraction whose token instances are patterns of symbols, marks, sounds, or strings of words
Analysis
Is the job of systematically braking down something into its constituents parts and describing how they relate to each other it is not random dissection but a methodological examination
Syntheses
Is the act of making connection between the parts identified in analysis
Subjectivity
A definition is a formal passage describing the meaning of a term (a word or phrase). The term to be defined is the definiendum (plural definienda). A term may have many subtly different senses or meanings
Formal and informal research
In formal research, researcher use agree on definitions of variables on the other hand in informal research, researcher write in literary, informal style
Litrature review
Is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic
What is meant by paradigm and what on basis they differ from each other elaborate on the basis of philosophical assumptions?
Term paradigm describe as essentially a collection of believe shared by scientists, a set of agreements about how problems are to be understood, how we view the world and thus go about conducting research
sr.# Philosophical assumptions
positivism interpretivism pragmatism
1 ontology Singular reality (objectivism)
Multiple realities (constructionism)
Both singular and multiple realities.
2 epistemology Distance and impartiality (objective)
Closeness (subjective)
Practicality
Objective + subjective
3 axiology Unbiased biased Multiple stances
4 Rhetoric Formal style Informal style Both informal and formal style
5 methodology deductive Inductive Both qualitative and quantitative data and mix them
6 Strategies of inquiry
We do survey experiment and field work
Grounded theory, ethnography, case study and narratives
Sequential, concurrent and transformative
7 Methods Close ended questions, numerical data statisticalanalysis
Open ended questions image analysis (qualitative)
Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis
What is meant by research process and what are its elements discussed in detail how they differ in qualitative and quantitative research?
Elements of qualitative research Process of research Elements of quantitative research
Interpretivism Paradigm Positivism
Point of view of participant
Understand meaning individuals give to a phenomena inductively
Contextual understanding
Intent of research Point of view of the researcher
Test a theory deductively to support or refute it
Generalization
Minor role
Justifies problem
How literature is used Major role
Justifies problem
Ask open ended questions How intent is focused Ask close ended questions
Test specific variables that forms hypotheses or questions
Words and image
Natural settings
Data is collected at micro level
How data collected Numbers
From many participants at many research sites
Data is collected at macro level
Artificial settings
Text or images analysis
Themes
How data is analyzed Numerical statistical analysis
Rejecting hypotheses
Researcher is close
Identifies personal stance
Role of researcher Researcher is distant
Remains in background
Take step to remove bias
Using validity procedures that rely on the participants, the researcher, or the reader
How data is validated Using validity procedures based on external standards, such as judges. Past research, statistics.
Differentiate between qualitative, quantitative and mix method research?
Qualitative Quantitative Mix method
Constructivist paradigm Positivist paradigm Pragmatic paradigm
Grounded theories case study narratives
Surveys and experiments Sequential, concurrent and transformative
Open ended questions
Emerging approaches
Close ended questions numeric data
Both open ended and close ended questions
Theory generation
Collect participants meanings
Make interpretation of data
Collaborate with participants
Test a theory and verify theory
Use undecided approaches
Employs statistical procedure
Collect both quantitative and qualitative data
Elements of research design
Introduction
Objectives of study
Purpose statement
Research questions
Significance of research
Literature review
Research method for data collection
Ethical considerations
Limitations and delimitations
References