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Bark, Wood And Galls
Lecture-2 By
Dr. Ahmed Metwaly
1. Origin. 2. Macroscopical differences 3. Microscopical differences 4. Active constituents. 5. Uses. 6. Contraindications. 7. Chemical test.
QUILLAIA BARK 1. Origin. 2. Macroscopical characters 3. Microscopical characters 4. Active constituents. 5. Uses. 6. Chemical test.
Cinnamon and Cassia Barks
1. Origin. 2. Active constituents. 3. Uses. 4. Contraindications. 5. Chemical test.
Pomegranate Bark
Item Cinnamon Cassia
Origin Dried shoot bark of
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum, Family
Lauraceae deprived
of most of its cortex
Dried stem bark of
Cinnamomum
cassia, Family
Lauraceae
Syn. Cinnamomum verum,
Ceylon Cinnamon
Cinnamomum
aromaticum,
Chinese Cinnamon
Cinnamon Cassia
Item Cinnamon Cassia
Size 1mm thickness and
different lengths
3 mm thickness and up
to 40 cm length
Outer
surface
Smooth, with longitudinal
striation
Rough, with irregular
wrinkles
Shape
Color
Taste
Quill (single, double and
compound)
Yellowish brown.
Warm, sweet, aromatic
Channeled
Dark brown
More astringent &
mucilagenous
Item Cinnamon Cassia
Cork Very rare, present Cortex Very rare, present Fibers < 30 μ (longer and
thinner) > 30 μ (shorter and thicker)
Starch Up to 30 μ Up to 50 μ
1- Fibers, thick lignified walls and narrow lumen. 2- Numerous unequally thickened sclereids. 3- A single oil cell. 4-Starch granules simple or compound, (4-6) rarely. 5- Minute acicular crystals of calcium oxalate.
Cinnamon fiber Cassia fiber
1- Fibers, thick lignified walls and narrow lumen. 2- Cork layer in surface view. 3- Numerous unequally thickened sclereids. 4- Oil cell. 5-Starch granules simple or compound, (4-6) rarely. 6- Parenchymal cells containing acicular crystals of calcium oxalate.
Active constituents Cinnamon Cassia
Volatile oils %
Cinnamic aldehyde
(irritant)
Eugenol
Up to 4 %
65%
10%
Up to 2%
80%
No eugenol
Mucilage 2% 10%
Mono and
sesquiterpens
Present absent
Tannins Present (condensed) Present (condensed)
Coumarins absent Present
Cinnamic aldehyde
H
H
H
C
O
Eugenol
OCH3
OH
Cinnamon and cassia used as antiseptic, carminative, flavoring agent and astringent.
Contraindicated in cases • pregnancy •stomach and duodenal ulcers (irritation of Cinnamic aldehyde). • Cassia bark is more irritant ????
1.Test for volatile oil (Histochemical test) (Sudan III) The oil cells will be stained with red color 2. Test for tannins (Fecl3 test) ???
Origin: dried inner part of the bark of Quillaia saponaria.
Family. Rosaceae Syn. Soap bark.
The bark is formed of flat pieces. The outer surface is pale brown to yellowish
white in color, longitudinally striated showing reddish-brown patches of remains of rhytidoma.
The inner surface is smooth, hard yellowish-white in color, somewhat chiny (due to styloids of calcium oxalate)
The powder is pinkish white in color, with sternutatory odor and acridec taste. It characterized by: 1- Fragments of lignified phloem fibers with forked apex. 2- Scattered prisms and styloids of calcium oxalate. 3- Simple and compound spheroidal starch granules. 4- Fragments of sub-rectangular sclereids.
Triterpenoid saponin glycosides (Quillajic acid and quillaia sapotoxin).
Froth test (persistent froth). Positive hemolysis of RBC.
1- It is used in cough mixtures as expectorant and stimulant. 2- In hair tonic preparation and shampoos for dandruffs treatment. 3- In some skin creams.
Syn.: Cortex granati; quishrul rouman. Origin: Dried stem & root barks of Punica granatum, Family Punicaceae !!!!!!! Note: According to current botanical authorities,
Punica granatum belongs to the Lythraceae family
1. Alkaloids: 0.5 %, pelletierine, isopelletierine. 2. Tannins (hydrolysable) up to 22% in the bark
include punicalin and its 2-Ogalloyl derivative.
1. Anthelmentic against tape worm. 2. Astringent for the treatment of diarrhoea 3. Antimicrobial
Chemical test: 1. Mayer’s test. 2. Ferric chloride test (tannins) !!!!!!!!!
1. Origin. 2. Macroscopical differences 3. Microscopical differences 4. Active constituents. 5. Uses. 6. Contraindications. 7. Chemical test.
QUILLAIA BARK 1. Origin. 2. Macroscopical characters 3. Microscopical characters 4. Active constituents. 5. Uses. 6. Chemical test.
Cinnamon and Cassia Barks
1. Origin. 2. Active constituents. 3. Uses. 4. Contraindications. 5. Chemical test.
Pomegranate Bark
