Avaition final

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Copyright Information goes here Company Proprietary and Confidential

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Name : Gnanender Reddy.Nanga

Assessor : Mrs.Nina Ramchandra

Batch : I4

Course : AVITION,HOSPITALITY AND

TRAVEL MANAGEMENT Year : 2011 - 2012

INTRODUCTION

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• I am really thankful for our Aviation faculty for helping me to learn about and I am also grateful to frankfinn for providing an opportunity to learn about Aviation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :

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P1a (Lo1 of UNIT4)

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Current affairs

• Air India launches drive to recruit staff at various levels(October 25, 2011)

• Pilots exit Kingfisher in large numbers(October 5, 2011)

• Spice Jet, Emirates, GMR on hiring mode as air traffic increases (September 21, 2011)

• Bangalore to get 1st aerospace institute of India(September 17, 2011)

• Air India to hire younger cabin crew to attract passengers(September 14, 2011)

• Emirates adds 49 aircraft to fleet, to hire 500 pilots(September 12, 2011)

• Emirates seeks 4000 new flight attendants(August 25, 2011)

• Asia-Pacific’s first world class aviation varsity to come up at Indira Gandhi Rastriya Udaan Academy in UP (July 18, 2011)

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Cockpit

• A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft.

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Cargo Aircraft

• cargo provided on the underside of the aircraft for storing of passenger baggage & freight

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Exterior parts

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• Horizontal Stabilizer (Control Pitch)• Vertical Stabilizer (Control Yaw) • Rudder (Change Yaw)• Elevator (Change Pitch)• Flaps (Increase Lift and Drag)• Aileron (Change Roll)• Spoiler (Change Lift, Drag and Roll) • Slats (Increase Lift)• Fuselage (Hold Things together – Carry Payload) • Cockpit (Command and Control)• Turbine Engine (Generate Thrust) • Wing (Generate Lift)

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Slides raft

• A raft is used during emergency landing like ditching, crash landing, belly landing. And it is called slide raft because it can be used both as a slide and a raft. But not all airplanes are fitted with slide-rafts, smaller planes are normally equipped with slide only, because they seldom travel over oceans.

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Cabin inter communication system

• The phone network on board consisting of handsets in the flight deck, near every door, flight attendant station, & the crew rest area, each handset can initiate & receive calls from all points.

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Passenger service unit(PSU)

• PSU is situated above each seat row in the overhead panel above the passenger seats in the cabin of airliners. Amongst other things a PSU contains reading lights, loudspeakers, illuminated signs and automatically deployed oxygen masks and also louvers providing conditioned air.

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Jump seat

• A jump seat in aviation refers to an auxiliary seat for individuals — other than normal passengers — who are not operating the aircraft

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P1a (LO1 OF UNIT4)

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EPILEPSY• Symptoms:

1.The patient becomes aware of with oncoming attack.

2.Aubarity and urinal sensations and may inform you according.

• Precautions:

1.Prevent the patient from falling or injury himself or herself.

2.Prevent the patient from biting the tongue by placing a pencil or a spoon handle ,covered with lines ,in the patients mouth between the rows of teeth.

3.Do not forcibly restrain the movements of the patient.

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Treatment:

• First see that the passenger does not bit his tongue.• At that time take a spoon and put it in between the upper

and lower jaw.• If possible shift the passengers who are sitting besides

epilepsy passenger.• Loose his shirt buttons and make him relax.• And provide him portable oxygen bottle with mask.• If the condition is serious page for a doctor.• And if the doctor asks physician kit provide him.• Even then the condition serious inform the captain.• Captain will take the decision to land at the nearest airport.

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ASTHMA

• Cause:

Asthma is a multi factional disease which may be triggered by allergy,excercise.,cold air,smoke or infection.

• Symptoms:

1.Severe shortness of breath,wheazing,caughing,diffuculty in breathing.

2.Victim is usually anxious and is afraid,he is suffoacating.This trends to prolong the attack.

• First aid:

1.Victim usually has had attacks before and carries his own medication with him .Assist victim in taking his medication.

2.Administer low flow of oxygen.

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Treatment:

• Make the person comfortable by loosing his shirt buttons. And make him relax.

• And open the air lovers.• Ask him if he is carrying any medicine with him . If he is

carrying give him the medicine , otherwise give him first aid.• Provide him portable oxygen bottle with mask. Before giving

oxygen check if the oxygen is flowing through mask or not.• Check him for every 10 min.• If his condition is getting worst page for a doctor.• If there is no doctor on board inform to the captain.• And the captain will take the decision to land the plain at the

nearest airport.

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P 3a (LO3 OF UNIT4)

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Over fire

• Identify the cause & source of fire as soon as possible• Move passengers away from the affected area• Switch off all electrical supply to that area be it the

galley or cabin• Remove all oxygen bottles from the area affected by the

fire• Ware the smoke hood or full-face mask with oxygen

bottle and attack the fire from the base upwards• Dampen all shouldering material with plenty of water

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• Inform the commander immediately & continue doing so about the progress in fire fighting till the fire has been completely contained

• In case of any smoke in cabin make the passengers keep their head low

• If the smoke is very dense then distribute wet towels• If any passenger is having difficulty in breathing, then

administer oxygen bottle with mask

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Bomb scare

• First make an announcement about the unidentified object.• If there is no reply from the passengers inform to the

captain.• Take the safety card and place it under the object and see

that it is movable or not.• Don’t try to cut the strap or tape which is underneath in

tension.• If it is movable take the object to the aft right door and

disarm the door• And carefully place blankets and pillows to a certain level

and place the object and again put the wet towels ,blankets ,cushions etc.

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• Move the passengers of four rows who are sitting at the aft door and the crew and make them sit in the empty seats.

• If there are no seats make them sit on the aisle.• And switch of the galley lights and lock and secure the

galley.• Remove the emergency equipments.• Now inform the captain.• Captain will make emergency landing at the nearest

airport.• After landing the plane will move to the abandon runway.• Mean while the security ,fire engine ,ambulance will be

ready.• Mean while passengers will evacuated through rafts.

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P 3b (Lo3 of unit4)

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Wheelchair passenger• They embark first along with the commercial person.• The ground staff hand over's the passenger to senior most.• The wheelchair passenger handed over to the crew in

whose zone he/she is seated• Often these passengers are accompanied by a relative or a

medical personnel like a nurse.• The arm waist of these can be open and close.• While serving we must serve them first.• They are seated close to the lavatory many airlines have a

specially designated ‘Handicap lavatory.’ • In emergency evacuation they should evacuate last with the

help crew.• They disembark last.

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Wheelchair passenger

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P 4a (LO4 OF UNIT4)

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Name of the emergency equipment

Parts of the emergency equipment

Preflight checks of the emergency equipment

Usage of the emergency equipment

Mega phone 1.Push to talk button2.Sling3.Speaker4.Handel

1.Carrect location2.Secured with strap3.Press the push to talk button to hear a click sound to make sure the button is working

1.Used for controlling crowd2.Remove from location3.Sling it on your shoulder4.Hold the handle5.Keep the speaker in front of your mouth6.Press the push to talk button

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Life jacket(yellow for passenger ,Orange for crew)

1.Two red automatic inflation tags on the sides to inflate the jacket2.Two red manual inflation tubes of either side of jacket3.Light that’s comes on automatically when it contacts with salt water & stays for 48 hrs4.Strap it tight around the waste5.The infant life jacket should be tied to adult life jacket

1.It is kept under the seat

1.It is used during ditching

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Oxygen bottle with mask

1.Oxygen bottle with sling attached2.Prusser gauge3.Mask with the corner attached to it4.Nob to release the oxygen

1.Check the current location2.Secure with strap3.Should be in green marked direction4.Mask should be available

1.Remove from its location and slide it on shoulder2.Attach oxygen mask to the cylinder3.Release the oxygen by rotating the knob4.Check the oxygen flow5.Never leave the casual unattended and always be ready with another bottle

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Fire extinguisherTwo types of extinguisher1.Helon2.Water

1.Strap is secure2.Pressure gauge3.Safty pin4.Handel5.Trigger6.nozzle

1.Secure with strap2.Neadel on the pressure gaugeShould be 1500 to 2000 psi3.Safty pin intact4.Check the

1.Remove from the location2.3.Remove the safety pin4.Squase the trigger for the content to release5.Fight the fire in sweeping motion from a safety distance of 8 feet6.Call for backup7.Inform to the flight deck

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Fire axe

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Asbestos gloves

1.Handel2.Hook3.Blade

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1.Check if it is in right position

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1.Use in cause of fire2.During survival in case of crash

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1.Used in case of fire in the cabin2.It protect from extreme heat

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Smoke hood

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ELT

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1. kept above the jump seat

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1.Use in cause of fire fighting

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1.Used in case of water landing and in any forest landing

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M (units 4 and 9)

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SIGN IN TO SIGN OUT OF CREW

1. Entry into the airport with the documents like: Two id cardsPassportCircularAnnouncement bookAirlines handbookTorch DGCA handbook

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2. Then report to the moment control 2 hours before departure.

Check the departure time, arrival time, crew name, captain name, flight number, registration number.

3. And then fill the flight report, custom and immigration form.

4. Report to the senior most in the briefing room.

5. If there is sudden medical check we must attend it.

6. And then the customs and immigration forms.And then security.

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7. And after entering into the flight report to the senior most.

8. We do preflight check. In that we check:Cabin dressingLavatory dressingGalley checkEmergency equipment Cabin dressing: We check Seat back upright, Seat

belt is placed properly, Window shutters up and Seat pockets (news paper, safety card, disposal bag, magazines and headset if arm wrest is there).

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Lavatory dressing : We check nappy table, Soaps and other things which are used to wash hands and face, Emergency fire extinguisher, Crew call button and Open close Nob.

Galley check : We check all the things are secured and strapped, how many meals and trolleys, drinks.

Emergency equipment : We check Portable oxygen bottle with mask, fire extinguisher, fire axe, Life vests and emergency lights which come automatically when no power in flight.

9. And embarkation of passengers. At that time crew take their working position and show the passengers their seats and help them to keep their baggage in the baggage bin.

And also help them to fasten their seat belts.

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10. And then we do welcome announcement first in Hindi and then in English.

11. We also do demonstration announcement first in Hindi and then in English.

12. Prepare for take off:Captain says to close the doors and arm the

doors.Crew members close the door and arm the doors.Senior takes the briefing from the crew that all

doors closed and armed.

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Then senior most gives briefing to the captain that

a. Captain all doors closed and armed

b. 100 passengers on board

c. lavatory cleared

d. Galley secured

e. Passengers seated and strapped

f. All emergency equipment checked Then captain says “crew at your station for take off”. Then crew sits in their jump seat and senior most dims the

cabin lights while take off. After reaching cruising level crew makes an announcement “

You can remove when fasten seat belt sign is off but please remain seated and wear your seat belts”.

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13. Then the crew starts the service. First the crew starts the complementary bar service to

the passengers. And if the passengers want to buy there is bar sale and

in-flight shopping on board. If it is morning we start the breakfast service. Before service we make an announcement that “please

remain seated now we are starting the service, if there is any special meal ordered press the call button”.

Breakfast service to first class: During the service first we check with the other galley

that they are ready for the service or not.

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Then we go to the passengers open the table and place the table cloth and give menu card for them.

After two min we offered them some chakos in a bowl. And then we come with hot and cold milk and ask them

if they want hot or cold milk. After some time serve the main Anthre like warm bread,

egg and different types of egg like half boiled, egg toast, full boiled etc.

After that we serve fruits for the passengers. And we take the trolley with different types of

tea ,coffee placed on it along with some cookies. And then collection of the trays and bowl.

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After the service is over for the passengers the crew can also eat but only two members at a time.

And after that one hour before landing we fill up all the forms like bar sale, meal service, bar service, in-flight shopping.

And while landing see that all the passengers are seated and strapped , galley secured and see that no person must be in the lavatory.

After landing we make landing announcement. And when the captain says disarm the door, disarm

the door and before opening it see that the step ladder is attached.

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And during disembarkation two crew will stand at the door and remaining crew will help the passengers to remove their baggage from the baggage bin.

And after disembarkation check the cabin if the passengers left something. If there is any object give to the security person.

After that proceed to the moment control.We must sign out and take the hotel voucher and

proceed to the hotel.After reaching to the hotel first the senior most or the

pilots will check in.

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If our flight is next day at 6:00 am the hotel people will make a wake up call at four .

The crew members who are in that room must pick the wake up call.

And then we check out from hotel and we reach airport.

From here the whole procedure is same as the above procedure.

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D(1) (UNIT 4 AND 9)

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VS

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Type Subsidiary • Industry Aerospace • Founded 1970 (as Airbus Industrie)

2001 (Airbus as SAS) • Headquarters Blagnac, France • Key people Thomas Enders, Bernard Lathière, John Leahy,

. Fabrice Brégier• Products Commercial airliners• Revenue €27.45 billion • Employees 52,000 • Parent EADS• Website www.airbus.com

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• Role Wide-body, double-deck jet airliner • National origin Multi-national • Manufacturer Airbus • First flight 27 April 2005 • Introduction 25 October 2007 with Singapore

Airlines• Status In production, in service • Primary users Emirates, Singapore Airlines

Qantas, Lufthansa .,etc• Produced 2004–present

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Type Public • Industry Aerospace, Defense • Founded Seattle, Washington, U.S. (1916)• Headquarters Chicago, Illinois, U.S.• Key people James McNerney (Chairman & CEO)• Products Commercial airliners, Military aircraft ,Munitions,

Space systems, Computer services• Revenue US$ 64.306 billion (2010)• Employees 164,495 (Apr. 28, 2011)• Website www.Boeing.com

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• Role Wide-body, long-range• National origin United States • Manufacturer Boeing Commercial Airplanes• First flight February 9, 1969• Introduction January 22, 1970 with Pan Am• Status In production, in service • Primary users British Airways, Cathay Pacific

Korean Air, Lufthansa ..,etc• Produced 1969–present• Variants 747SP, 747-400, 747-8, VC-25,

E-4

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Airbus a380 Boeing 747

Decks double deck with twin aisle one is fwb and aft

Engines 4 engines 4 engines

Internal cabin width 6.58m 6.1m

Capacity of passengers555min-853max 416

Cabin altitude cruises at an altitude of 43,000 feet

cruises at an altitude of 28,000 –35,000 ft.

Emergency evacuation time 80 sec 90 sec

Wheels 22 wheels 18 wheels

Cockpit crew 3 3

Cabin crew 22 12

Doors 16 12

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Airbus a380 Boeing 747

Tack off 9,800 ft 11,600ft

landing 6,900 ft 7,400 ft

features It has bar, beauty saloon, confrence room ,restaurant, spa, first Class Private Suite etc

It has only bar

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Airbus 380 Boeing 747-400

Measurements

Wingspan 79.8 m (261 ft 10 in) 64.4 m (211 ft 5 in)

Length 73.0 m (239 ft 6 in) 70.7 m (231 ft 10 in)

Height 24.1 m (79 ft) 19.4 m (63 ft 8 in)

Weight: Empty 610,700 lbs 393,263 lbs (277,000 kg) (178,756 kg)

Weight: Max Takeoff 1,234,600 lbs 875,000 lbs (560,000 kg) (397,000 kg)

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Airbus A380 vs Boeing 747

Airbus and Boeing are the two giants when it comes to manufacturing commercial airplanes.

The A380 is the latest and biggest plane from Airbus while the 747 has been Boeing’s flagship for quite some time.

The biggest difference between the two is size as the A380 is certainly much bigger than the 747.

The Airbus A380 has a wingspan that is 15m longer to that of the 747. It is also about 50% heavier than the 747 even when empty.

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The size of the A380 is such that many airport runways are not equipped to accommodate the huge planes and had to undergo major renovations to make them fit.

The major contributor to the A380′s considerable size is its 2nd deck, which extends the full length of the entire plane. The 747 is also a double Decker but its 2nd deck is just very short.

The 747′s characteristic bulge at the front of the plane is the extent of its 2nd deck. Because of the full length of the A380′s deck, it can accommodate way more passengers than the 747 without extending its length by much.

Even though the A380 is just over 2 meters longer than the 747, it can accommodate 33% more passengers in the usual 3 class seating or up to 50% more in an all economy seating.

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In order to get that much weight into the air, the A380 needs a lot more thrust than the 747.

Each of the A380′s four engines can put out at least 80,000lbs of thrust while the 747′s engines only put out somewhere around 60,000lbs of thrust. But all in all, the A380 still manages to be more efficient and less costly per passenger and would be perfect in high traffic routes like major cities and regional hubs. Other areas may not benefit from having an A380 or may even lose profit because of it.

As the 747 has been in production for four decades, it is no secret that it has gone through many revisions and has many variants aside from the typical passenger and cargo models. Non-commercial variants include VIP transport, with Air Force One being the most popular, Shuttle carrier, and as an aerial fire fighter among others. The A380, being fairly new, only has passenger and cargo models at the moment.

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Summary

1.The A380 is much bigger than the 747

2.The A380 is a true double decker while the 747 is not

3.The A380 can accommodate 33% more passengers than the 747

4.The A380 has more powerful engines than the 747

5.The 747 comes in a lot more variants than the A380

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D(2) (UNIT 4 AND 9)

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US Airways flight 1549 crash

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• US Airways flight 1549 was a passenger flight from New York-La Guardia Airport to Charlotte-Douglas International Airport, operated by an Airbus A320. The airplane took off at 15:26 from LaGuardia's runway 04. The first officer was pilot flying. As they were reaching an altitude of 3000 feet the crew saw a formation of Canada geese. Before they knew it, the windscreen turned dark brown and several loud thuds were heard. Both engines began to loose power and there was a burning smell.

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• The captain took over control of the the flight. They radioed ATC about their emergency situation: "Aaah, this is Cactus 1549. We lost thrust in both engines. We are turning back toward LaGuardia." It quickly became evident that they were not able to reach LaGuardia.

• A possible landing at the Tereboro Airport (TEB) was considered. The captain decided that they would not be able to land safely on the short runway in the middle of a built-up area. The flight descended over the Hudson River until it ditched.

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• Contributing to the survivability of the accident was (1) the decision-making of the flight crewmembers and their crew resource management during the accident sequence; (2) the fortuitous use of an airplane that was equipped for an extended overwater flight, including the availability of the forward slide/rafts, even though it was not required to be so equipped; (3) the performance of the cabin crewmembers while expediting the evacuation of the airplane; and (4) the proximity of the emergency responders to the accident site and their immediate and appropriate response to the accident."

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• The plane ended its six-minute flight at 3:31 pm with an unpowered ditching while heading south at about 130 knots (150 mph; 240 km/h) in the middle of the North River section of the Hudson River roughly abeam 50th Street (near the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken, New Jersey.

Ditching

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• commander said in an interview on CBS television that his training prompted him to choose a ditching location near operating boats so as to maximize the chance of rescue. The location was near three boat terminals: two used by ferry operator NY Waterway on either side of the Hudson River and a third used by tour boat operator Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises. After coming to a stop in the river, the plane began drifting southward with the current.

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• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Board Member Kitty Higgins, the principal spokesperson for the on-scene investigation, said at a press conference the day after the accident that it "has to go down [as] the most successful ditching in aviation history." "These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result, nobody lost their life."

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Evacuation• Immediately after the A320 had been ditched in

mid-river, commander gave the "evacuate" order over the PA, and the aircrew began evacuating the 150 passengers, both on to the wings through the four mid-cabin emergency window exits and into an inflatable slide that doubles as a life raft, deployed from the front right passenger door (the front left slide failed to operate as intended), while the partially submerged and slowly sinking airliner drifted down the river with the current

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• . Two flight attendants were in the front, one in the rear. Each flight attendant in the front opened a door, which was also armed to activate a slide/raft, although the port side raft did not immediately deploy; a manual inflation handle was pulled. One rear door was opened by a panicking passenger, causing the A320 to fill more quickly with water.

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• PROBABLE CAUSE: "The ingestion of large birds into each engine, which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines and the subsequent ditching on the Hudson River. Contributing to the fuselage damage and resulting unavailability of the aft slide/rafts were 1). the Federal Aviation Administration’s approval of ditching certification without determining whether pilots could attain the ditching parameters without engine thrust,

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2). the lack of industry flight crew training and guidance on ditching techniques, and

3). the captain’s resulting difficulty maintaining his intended airspeed on final approach due to the task saturation resulting from the emergency situation.

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• The flight attendant in the rear who attempted to reseal the rear door was unable to do so, she told CBS News. It was later revealed that the impact with the water had ripped open a hole in the underside of the airplane and twisted the fuselage, causing cargo doors to pop open and filling the plane with water from the rear. The flight attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats to escape the rising water within the cabin.

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• One passenger was in a wheelchair. Having twice walked the length of the cabin to confirm that no one remained inside after the plane had been evacuated, the captain was the last person to leave the aircraft.

• Evacuees, some wearing life-vests, waited for rescue on the partly submerged slides, knee-deep in icy river water. Others stood on the wings or, fearing an explosion, swam away from the plane.

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Rescue

• The FDNY sent four marine units and rescue divers.On land, FDNY declared a level III (All Hands) emergency and mobilized their Major Emergency Response Vehicle, Logistical Support Units and had 35 ambulances ready for patients coming off the flight. About 140 FDNY firefighters responded to docks near the crash. The NYPD sent squad cars, helicopters, vessels, and rescue divers from the Aviation Unit and Harbor Unit.

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• In addition, about 30 other ambulances were made available by other organizations, including several hospital-based ambulances (St. Vincent, St. Barnabas). Various agencies also provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river, where most passengers were taken. Two mutual aid helicopters responded to the West 30th Street Heliport, one from the Nassau County Police and another from the New Jersey State Police. New York Water Taxi sent boats to the scene but did not take part in the rescue.

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Awards• The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the

entire flight crew of Flight 1549 a Master's Medal on January 22, 2009. The medal is awarded only rarely, for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild. The citation for the award is:

• “ The reactions of all members of the crew, the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was 'text book' and an example to us all. To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation, with the loss of no lives, is a heroic and unique aviation achievement. It deserves the immediate recognition that has today been given by the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators.

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Analysis

• I think the crew of this plain have done a wonderful job in landing and evacuating

• The commander respond immediately and took a good decision in ditching

• The main mistake I have observed in this crash made by the cabin crew is “some of the passengers are not wearing life jacket and some are not wearing the life jacket properly”

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Conclusion

Aviation classes helped me to know about the factors of aviation industry, its developmental factors & about the current scenario of aviation industryI thank madam for giving me an opportunity to present this assignment.

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www.airlines.net www.flightglobal.comwww.indianaviationnews.neen.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

Bibliography

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Education

Avaition final