Auto motive textile

05/01/23 Automotive Textile 1

TEXTILES FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

AUTHORS:Mr.R.PARANTHAMAN. Asst. Prof.DEPT.OF TEXTILE TEXHNOLOGYRVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,DINDIGUL-624 005E-mail: [email protected] - 9994303738

mailto:[email protected]


INTRODUCTION The automotive industry has

always been one of the innovation and ready users of new technology.

The average car contains 15-20 kg of textiles.

A vehicle needs about 20 kg of fabric/fiber with 12 kg of interior seat coverings and 8 kg in other arears

Typically about 9 sq.m of non woven is used in car for head liners,truck liners,trim insulation etc.,

Automotive textiles can be classified into:

1. Upholstery.2. Carpeting.3. Pre-assembled interior.4. Tires.5. Safety devices.6. Filters , &7. Engine Components items.


LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Ship & air craft constructionRailways & Space travel Bullet proof cock pit doors for air crafts.Innovative side air bags for modern cars.Corrosion resistance ships.Fiber grass shells reinforced with plastic and 3-D ultra light weight car bodies


FIBRES USED IN VARIOUS COMPONENTS

Colored polyester and polypropylene fibers are the pre dominant raw materials used in automotive industry.65% of all textiles used in automotives sector are made from polyester filament yarns.Polyurethane foam is used as back up material for its superior acoustical and physical properties


APPLICATIONS FIBRES USEDSeat belt PolyesterAir Bag& head liners PolyamidesBody cloth Polyester, Nylon & its blendsInterior carpets Polypropylene & NylonPackage trays Polypropylene & PolyamidesDoor trim Polyester, Nylon &PolypropyleneTrunk liners Polyester blendsTrunk covers PVC coated or polymer based Nylon or

polyesterClutch facings Composites of carbon or aramid fibersTire Polyester, Glass, aramid fibers, Nylon,

Rayon fibers


INTERIOR DECORATION Modern designers are trying

to give an elegant look to car interior.

Fabric play a leading role in top performing textiles into vehicle interior.

Interiors involves the amalgamation of 3 layers

Face fabric, Foam, Backing material.


SEAT AND SEAT COVERS For a Luxurious and comfort journey better seat is essential. Traditionally warp knitted fabrics are used for seat

facing ,seat backing etc., The filling materials used in the seats are foam, cotton, coir

etc.,( in some cases unraveled yarns from garment as a filling material.).

Polyester has been the choice for seat covers because of its good light fastness, UV stability and good resistance to pilling for seat upholstery.

Pile fabrics are also used The microclimate of the seat is controlled by the textile

material which is used as a seat and seat covers in the automobiles.


CARPETS Carpets is an important part of the

automotive interior. Carpets must withstand temperature

extremes A spun bonded polyester is used for carpet

backing in some occasions nylon is used. Polypropylene is assuming greater

importance considering the recyclability. Carpets are made by the combination of a

variety of functional layers into a single unit. A heavy mass layer that acts as a sound

proof material is common to all automobiles carpets.


SAFETY DEVICES Textiles acts as an adding value

for safety measures. Safety plays an important role in

the present day context. Safety has become the index page

of our book called “LIFE”

SAFETY DEVICES

Seat belts Air bags


SEAT BELTS

® About 1 kg of textiles fiber per car is consumed in seat belts® The seat belt controls the forward movement of the wearers in

a controlled manner during sudden deceleration of the vehicle.® Seat belts are designed to work in co-ordination with air bags

in advanced car designs.® Polyester fiber is preferable for produce seat belts because of

its important properties like maximum extension (24-30%),good abrasion resistance and Light weight.

® Inflatable seat belt is the recent development.® Inflatable seat belt is the combination of air bags and seat belts


AIR BAGS THE AIR BAGS

PROCESS- A TEXTILE PERSPECTIVE

FIBRE

YARN

FABRIC

COATING

CUT/SEW


AIR BAGS - over view Air Bags are relatively new application area for technical textiles. The air bags are designed to explode out of the dash board and side panels

of the cars to product the driver and front seat passengers from hitting hard surface like dash board or wind shield during a collision.

They are designed to product head,neck and chest. Durability and Stability are the main requirements. Nylon 66 & Polyester are the preferred material for air bag construction. High tensile and tear strength, heat stability, functionality, at extreme hot

and cold conditions (-10 to 120º C) and good pack ability. Softness for reduced skin abrasion is desired. Air bags have to withstand very high levels of stress – on the one hand the

extremely rapid inflation of air bag, on the other hand the impact of person to protected.

It is essential that air fabric is tear resistant


FIBRE PROPERTIES FOR AIR BAGS

The air bag fabric made from nylon 66 is preferred over polyester because of higher elongation, allowing the force to distribute widely, lower air permeability, higher seam strength.

Properties Nylon 66 polyester

Density(g/cm³) 1.14 1.39

Melting Point (ºC) 260 258

Energy to melt (J/kg) 620 303

Specific Heat capacity (J/g/K) 1.67 1.30


FABRIC CHARACTERS FOR AIR BAGS Characters Nylon 66 PolyesterAir permeability (same weight) Low HighAbrasion Resistance High LowThermal Resistance High LowEnergy Absorption High LowStiffness in Cushion Low HighAgeing Performance Good poor


AIR BAG FABRIC SPECIFICATIONWeight (g/m²) 240 Target 240Weave linenAir permeability(L/100 cm²/min) 3.6 Below 10Grey width (cm) 177Reed Width 186Properties warp Weft TargetDensity(1/cm) 23 22Tensile Strength(N/5cm) 3495 3025 2500Elongation (%) 41.4 25.1 35/25Tear Propagation resistance (N) 171 170 130


FUTURE TRENDS IN AIR BAGS TECHNICS Using composites, combination of materials,

non- woven and films for air bags production. Development lighter and smaller bags. Introduce new coating polymers. Side air bags, Knee production air bag, Joint

production air bags for pedestrian production. Create laws for adopting air bag as a must

component of a Automobile.


TIRE CORDS

Tire cord fabrics are significant sector of technical textile.

More than 800,000,000 tires are produced each year world wide.

The automobile tire is intended for protecting the rubber tube from mechanical damage.


ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF TIRE CARS

Essential properties of a tire cardHigh breaking strengthHigh elasticityGood beat resistancecompressionUniformly structure Low hygroscopicHigh time deformations During stretching


TIRE CORDS

TIRE CORDS

VISCOSE CORD CAPRON CARD


TIRE CORDS VISCOSE CORDAdvantage:High breaking strength in

dry condition.Good thermal stability.Disadvantage:High hygroscopicity.Strength loss at wet

condition(10-15%)Elongation – 16.6%

CAPRON CARDAdvantage:High strength.Elongation -82.6%.

Disadvantage:Low thermal stability


YARN MATERIALS AND COUNTS -TIRE CORDS Material Reference Yarn count (dtex) Twist (T/m)

Rayon CV 1220×2 590

Rayon CV 2440×2 410

Polyamide PA 940×2 472



Polyester PES 1100×2 472




polyester PES 2200×2 360

Poly aramid AR 1680×2 330

Poly aramid AR 2520×2 280


FILTERS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS Hoses, belts and lines are important car

engine which are reinforced with textile materials.

Automotive filters like fuel filter, air filter and oil filter are largely made of textiles.

Polyester, aramids carbon fibers and Kevlar are used.


FILTERS ACTION IN AUTOMOBILE

Fuel tank

pumping segment

Filter segment

Engine

Micro dust


OTHER AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Technical testing and innovations, presented

a novel concept that PCM (Phase Change Material) to aid in air conditioning, a high energy process PCMS have the ability to change physical states (solid and liquid and back) certain temperature ranges and store and to release that as programmed.


PROCESSING OF AUTOMOTIVE TEXTILES Jet dyeing machine ,beam dyeing machine

are used for dyeing operation. Light fastness of rating of 6-7. Famous shades for automotive textiles CI NO- yellow 42. Red 91. Blue 60.


QUALITY TESTS CONDUCTED FOR AUTOMOTIVE FABRICS

Pilling testAbrasion testTensile testFlammability testRubbing testHeat ageing testStretch& Set testBow & Skew test


GROWTH LEVEL OF AUTOMOTIVE TEXTILES IN WORLD WIDE

TEXTILE FORM QUANTITY 1000 TONS

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005WOVENS

953 1125 1170 1221 1214

NON-WOVENS95 109 107 111 114

COMPOSITES284 443 521 736 976

OTHERS76 97 119 152 179

TOTAL1408 1774 1917 2220 2483


0200400600800

100012001400

Quantity in tons

1985 1995 2005year

Growth level of automotive textiles in world wide

WovensNon-WovensCompositesOthers


GROWTH PROJECTION OF MAIN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS IN INDIA

S.No

Item 2003-2004Quantity

Values(Rs in crore)

2007-2008Quantity No.s

Values(Rs. In Crore)

1 Nylon tire cord 72000 T 900.00 75000 T 931.00

2 Helmets 13.95 N 233.70 20.30 N 317.55

3 Seat covers 3.90 MM 107.25 5.96 MM 163.90

4 Carpets 5.00 MM 50.00 8.00 MM 80.00

5 Webbing of seat belts etc

49.95 MM 52.41 72.68 MM 76.02


6 Air Bags (textile Part)

- 2.50 --- 72.40

7 Insulation felt 9.89 N 19,762.50 14.48 N 28.96

8 Head liners(Textile Part )

- 11.87 -- 17.38

9 Car Body Covers

0.55 N 4.06 0.80 6.0

10 Total of 1 to 9 - 1381.55 --- 1699.21


CONCLUSION In the last two years the Indian automotive

industry has grown rapidly. Considerable quantities of textile are being

not only used in automobiles but also in ships, air crafts, railways and space crafts.

With the availability of technology to produce the required fabrics, there is not only scope for expanding their potentials but also to go for more export is clearly evident


Education

Auto motive textile