Introduction

Cosmetics ingredients come from a variety of sources but, unlike the ingredients of food, are often not considered by most consumers. often use vibrant colors that are derived from some unexpected sources, ranging from crushed insects to rust. Many new techniques have allowed manufacturers to synthesize such colors; the use of animal products has been reduced, due in large part to the efforts of Beauty Without Cruelty, PETA and other groups, though not eliminated.

Cosmetics in a variety of forms date back to early civilizations, with the need to improve ones personal appearance being an important factor in attracting a mate. Over the years the ingredients have changed dramatically as we discovered how to manufacture our own scents and cosmetic formulas. The realization of the dangers of many common ingredients also greatly affected the growing industry.

Ancient Egyptian aristocracy made use of minerals to provide colour and definition to their facial features. During the era of the Greek Empire it was common to use face paints, while the Romans indulged in baths containing oil-based perfume.

CosmeticCosmetics (also known as makeup or make-up) are care substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources and many being synthetics.

CosmetologyThe job or skill of giving beauty treatments to women by washing and cutting hair, applying makeup….

Some cosmetics

1. Perfume 2. Lipstick3. Vanishing cream4. Cold cream 5. Lotion 6. Shaving cream7. Aerosol8. Shampoo9. Shampoo with Conditioner10. Tooth powder11. Tooth Paste12. Talcum Powder13. Lip Gel14. Lip Balm15. Conditioner16. Deodrant17. After Shaving Lotion18.

Some cosmetic ingredients1. White Beeswax 2. Mineral oil 3. Borax

4. Cetyl alcohol 5. Petroleum jelly 6. Methyl paraben 7. Propyl paraben 8. Oil of Rose 9. Rose water 10. Stearic acid 11. Potassium hydroxide 12. Sodium hydroxide 13. Isopropyl myristate 14. Glycerin 15. Sandalwood 16. Purified water 17. Sorbitol 18. Menthol 19. Alum 20. Antioxidant21. Sodium lauryl sulphate22. Triethanolamine23. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose24. Sodium chloride25. Coconut diethanolamide26. Glycerol monostearate27. 4- Hydroxycoumarin28. Lanolin salt29. Isopropyl alcohol 30. Ethyl alcohol

Vanishing Cream

Stearic acid 15.0%

Potassium hydroxide 0.05%

Sodium hydroxide 0.18%

Cetyl alcohol 0.5%

Isopropyl myristate 3.0%

Glycerin 5.0%

Methyl paraben 0.20%

Propyl paraben 0.02%

Sandalwood q.s.

Purified water q.s.

Function of the ingredients:

(1) Stearic acid:

a. It is the major oil phase ingredient in the vanishing cream.

b.Stearic acid is partially saponified with an alkali and the bulk of the stearic acid emulsified with the soap thus formed.

c. It exerts pearl like appearance to the vanishing cream.the pearliness is probably due to the crystallization of the stearic acid in the minutest laminae from which the light is reflected at any angle.

(2) Potassium hydroxide and sidium hydroxide: Stearic acid is partially saponified with these alkalies and the soaps(potassium stearate and sodium stearate)thus fromed emulsify stearic acid in water.

(3) Cetyl alchol: Cetyl alchol,in a proportion of about 1%,acts as emollient and as an emulsion stabilizer.

(4) Isopropyl myristate:it acts as an emollient.

(5) Glycerin:

(a) It acts as humectant. It prevents the premature drying drying out of the cream.

(b) It also makes the softer.

(6)Methyl paraban and propyl paraban: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.

(7)Sandalwood: It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.

(8)Water: Water constitutes the water phase of the emulsion.

Cold Cream:

White Beeswax 18%

Mineral oil 60%

Borax 01%

Cetyl alcohol 01%

Petroleum jelly 01%

Methyl paraben 0.2%

Propyl paraben 0.02%

Oil of Rose 0.1%

Rose water q.s to 100%

Function of the Ingredients:

1. Beexwax-Borax combination: Beexwax-Borax combination produces sodium soaps (emulsifiers) in situ. The basic reactions involved in the production of the emulsifiers are the hydrolysis of the borax (Na2B4O7.10 H2O) and subsequent reaction of sodium hydroxide with the free acids present in beeswax (mainly cerotic acid, C26 and melissic acid ,C30 ) to form the corresponding sodium salts (soaps). These soaps emulsify the mineral oil in water.

Na2B4O7 + 7 H2O 2 NaOH + 4 H3BO3

2 NaOH + 2 RCOOH 2 RCOONa + 2 H2O

Sodium salts (soaps)

Beeswax also gives consistency and texture to the product and borax gives extra white appearance to the product.

2. Mineral oil: Mineral oil constitutes the oil phase of the emulsion.

3. Cetyl alcohol: Cetyl alcohol, in a proportion of about 1%, act as emollient and as an emulsion stabilizer.

4. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.

5.Oil of Rose: Oil of Rose gives a pleasant flavor to the product.

6. Rose water: Rose water constitutes the water phase of the emulsion and also gives a pleasant flavor to the product.

Shaving Cream:

Stearic acid 45.0%

Coconut oil 15.0%

Potassium hydroxide 0.5%

Sodium hydroxide 0.1%

Cetyl alcohol 1.0%

Lanolin 1.0%

Glycerin 15.0%

Sorbitol 5.0%

Menthol 0.5%

Alum 0.5%

Methyl parabr 0.20%

Propyl paraben 0.02%

Antioxidant q.s

Perfume q.s

Purified water q.s to 100%

Function of the ingredients:

1. Stearic acid and coconut oil:a. They are the major oil phase ingredients in the shaving cream.b. Stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are partially saponified with an alkali or a mixture

of alkalies and the bulk of the stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are emulsified with the soaps thus formed.

c. Alkali metal soaps of stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids act as foaming agents.d. Free stearic acid and free coconut oil fatty acids act as superfatting agents. They

neutralize any free alkali that might be present and also stabilize both the cream and the lather.

e. Stearic acid exerts pearly like appearance to the shaving cream.2. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide: Stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are

partially saponified with these alkalies and the soaps (e.g. potassium stearate and sodium stearate etc) thus formed emulsify stearic acid and free coconut oil fatty acids in water.

3. Cetyl alcohol and Lanolin: Cetyl alcohol, in a proportion of about 1.0%, acts as an emollient and as an emulsion stabilizer. Lanolin also acts as an emollient.

4. Glycerin and sorbitol:a. They act as humectant. They prevent the premature drying out of the cream.b. They also make the cream softer.

5. Menthol: Menthol exerts a cooling effect during shaving. It also has antiseptic property.6. Alum: Alum has astringent property. Shaving may result in minor trauma in the face and

oozing of blood may occur. Alim stops oozing of blood by constricting minor blood vessels.

7. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.

8. Antioxidant: Since the shaving cream uses oily and fatty substances, antioxidant is incorporated to prevent their oxidation.

9. Perfume: It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.10. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.

After shaving lotion:

Isopropyl alcohol 30.0%

Ethyl alcohol 20.0%

Lanolin 1.0%

Glycerin 5.0%

Menthol 0.1%

Alum 0.5%

Benzocaine 0.025%

Sodium salt of methyl paraben 0.20%

Sodium salt of propyl paraben 0.02%

Antioxidant q.s

Color q.s

Perfume q.s

Purified water q.s to 100%

Function of the ingredient:

1. Ethyl alcohol:a. It is a good base for the after-shave lotion.b. It has a good antiseptic property.c. It provides cooling and refreshing effect after use.

2. Isopropyl alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent base for after-shave lotion. It has the following characteristics:

a. It has a good antiseptic property.b. It is less volatile than ethyl alcohol. That is, it evaporates slowly than ethyl alcohol. So, it

can be rubbed easily on the skin. Hence, it is called rubbing alcohol.c. It does not remove oily layer from the skin. It is less corrosive than ethyl alcohol.

3. lanolin: lanolin acts as an emollient. It improves the feel of the skin.

4. Glycerin:a. It acts as humectant. It prevents the premature drying out of the lotion.b. It also helps to maintain the water content of the skin.

5. Menthol: Menthol exerts a cooling effect. It also has antiseptic property.

6. Alum: Alum has astringent property. Shaving may result in minor trauma in the face and oozing of blood may occur. Alum stops oozing of blood by constricting minor blood vessels.

7. Benzocaine: It is local anesthetic. So, it causes surface anesthesia of the skin.

8. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.

9. Perfume:It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.

10. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.

Toothpaste: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 50.0%

Sodium lauryl sulphate 2.0%

Sodium saccharin 0.20%

Glycerin 15.0%

Mannitol 1.0%

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.0%

Oil of clove 1.0%

Alum 0.50%

Sodium perborate 2.0%

Menthol 1.0%

Light magnesium oxide 0.1%

Sodium salt of methyl paraben 0.20gm

Sodium salt of propyl paraben 0.02%

Oil of peppermint q.s

Purified water q.s to 100%

Function of the ingredients:

1. Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate: It act as an abrasive material.2. Sodium lauryl sulphate: It is a detergent or surface –active agent.3. Sodium saccharin: It is a sweetening agent.4. Glycerin:

a. It act as humectant. It prevents the drying out of the toothpaste.b. It also act as a sweetening agent.

5. Mentho: Menthol exerts a cooling effect. It also has antiseptic property.6. Alum: Alum has astringent property.7. Mannitol: It is a saliva-secreting agent.8. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: It is a binding or gelling agent.9. Oil of clove: It is a spicy flavor. It also has analgesic and antiseptic properties.

10. Sodium salts of methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.

11.Oil of peppermint: It has a refreshing flavor and a cooling effect. It is also germicidal.

12. Sodium perborate: It is a whitening agent.

13. Light magnesium oxide: It is a polishing agent.

14. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.

Talcum powder: Talk 45.0gm

Magnesium carbonate 2.5gm

Zink oxide 2.5gm

Perfume q.s

Function of the ingredients:

1. Talk:It is the main ingredient of the formulation. It acts as covering agent, powder softener.

2. Magnesium carbonate:It acts as moisture absorber, anti-perspirant. It increases the floppiness of the powder.

3. Zink oxide:It acts as opacifier, soothing agent. It also has mild astringent and antiseptic property.

4. Perfume:It makes the bad odor of the body.