- 1. Secondary Articulation, Lenition and Linking Megat
Syaathibiy Bin Megat Mohamed Amin Ahmad Asjad Bin Mohd Zulkefli
Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad
2. Secondary Articulation 3. Velarization A secondary
articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is
raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant. A
common example of a velarized consonant is the velarized alveolar
lateral approximant (or dark L). 4. L is light if it is followed by
a vowel; otherwise it is dark. Light L: light, load, lack, less
etc. Dark L: field, kill, pill, seal, pool, appeal etc. 5.
Aspiration Strong puff of air upon release of a voiceless stop.
[p], [t], [k] Voiceless stops can be aspirated ONLY in syllable
initial position. 6. Examples: Pin /pn/ People /pipl/ Tick /tk/
Table /tebl/ Cat /kt/ Kick /kk/ 7. Lenition 8. Consonant Lenition
Diminution or decrease in : The degree of constriction of a
consonant. The voicing of a voiced consonant. The length of time of
the constriction. 9. Lenition (cont.) Example: American English tap
or flap - / t / and / d / are realized as / / - (voiced alveolar
tap or flap) Similar to a short / d / Saves articulatory time 10.
Examples of Lenition
matter[mtr][mr]better[btr][br]rider[rdr][rr]betting[bt ][b
]caddy[kdi][ki]bedding[bd] [b ]setting[st ][s ]teddy[tdi ][t i] 11.
Lenition (cont.) Another common type of lenition:Reduction of oral
stops or plosives to glottal stops Put it right [p a], that- [] 12.
Lenition (cont.) The most extreme form of lenition is: Complete
elision of segments the sixth month [sks mn] Elision of consonants
cup of tea [kpti] 13. Linking 14. Linking In real connected speech,
we sometimes link word together. The sound changes when words are
linked together 15. Rules of Linking Linking a final consonant to
initial vowelLinking identical consonants Linking and intrusive / r
/ Intrusive / j / Intrusive / w / 16. Rules of Linking 1. Linking a
final consonant to initial vowel. drink a cup of tea [drik kpti:]
put it on [pttn]2. Linking identical consonants bad dog [bddg] stop
pushing [stpp] big girl [bigg:l] good deal [gddi:l] 17. Rules of
Linking (cont.) 3. Linking / r / and intrusive / r / four eggs
[f:regz] your eyes [j:raiz] for ever [f:rev] media events
[mi:drvents] Australia and Africa [strelrnftik] Formula A [f:rmjlr
ei] The media are to blame. 18. Rules of Linking (cont.) 4.
Intrusive / j / - when a word ending with / i:, ; a; e; /, followed
by a word beginning with a vowel the other [ij] my aunt [maj:nt]
see us [si:j s] I agree. They are here. 19. Rules of Linking
(cont.) 5. Intrusive / w / - when a word ending in / u:, ; a; /,
followed by a word beginning with a vowel go in [g wn] two others
[tu:wz] I want to eat Please do it. 20. References Aspects of
Connected Speech. (2011). Retrieved November 30, 2013 from
http://www.slideshare.net/vanyendao/chapte
r-8-aspect-of-connected-speech Aspects of connected speech:
Linking. (2012). Retrieved November 30, 2013 from
http://linkingphonetics.wordpress.com/ Carr, P. (2002) English
Phonetics and Phonology: An introduction. Blackwell Publishers:
Oxford. Roach, P. (2000) English Phonetics and Phonology: A
practical course. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 21. Q1.
The following are examples of dark / l /, except a) Seal b) Pool c)
Load d) Field 22. Q2. L is light if it is followed by a vowel,
otherwise it is dark.TRUE / FALSE 23. Q3. Consonant lenition means
decrease in the followings excepta) The degree of constriction of a
consonant. b) The voicing of a voiced consonant. c) The similarity
of the sound before or after its neighboring sound. d) The length
of time of the constriction. 24. Q4. Which type of lenition is
applicable when we pronounce the phrase put it right? a) The
process of flapping b) A voiced alveolar flap between a stressed
and unstressed vowel. c) A full vowel become a schwa d)
Glotalization oral stop is replaced with a glottal stop 25. Q5.
Which of the followings is not true about the rule of linking? a)
Linking a final consonant to initial vowel. b) Linking a final
vowel to initial consonant. c) Linking identical consonants d)
Linking / r / and intrusive / r / 26. Q6. When the final consonant
of one word is the same as the first consonant of the following
word, pronounce the consonant only once. TRUE / FALSE 27. Q7. For a
smoother transition between the sound and to ensure complete
pronunciation of both the vowels, we insert:i. A short / j / sound
after a front vowel ii. A short / w/ sound after a front vowel iii.
A short / w / sound after a back vowel iv. A short / j / sound
after a back vowel a) i & ii b) i & iii c) ii & iv d)
ii and iv 28. Q8. Which of the followings is the example of linking
/ r /?a) b) c) d)I saw it yesterday No escape Now and then More
apples 29. THE END
