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Asas pembentukan kurikulum dunia dan Malaysia amnya
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FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUMASAS-ASAS KURIKULUM
1. Hadliwati Daud 8154162. Sarimah Che Omar 8155843. Norita Omar 815606
SGDC 5013 CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGYPROF. MADYA DR. ABDULL SUKOR SHAARI
FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM
Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum developers.
In this way these effect the content and structure of the curriculum.
FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM
It includes the following
Historical Foundation Philosophical Foundation Psychological Foundation Economical Foundation Sociological foundation
Historical Foundations of Curriculum
It includes Role of curriculum in achievements of
nations. Guides future plans Factors that influence development of
nation e.g. unity Eliminates the useless traditions.
•Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) - presented curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need. Curriculum prepares for adult life.
•Werret Charters (1875-1952) - considered curriculum also as a science which is based on students' need and the teachers plan the activities.
Curriculum theorists :Historical Foundations of
Curriculum
•Harold Rugg (1886-1960) - Curriculum should develop the whole child. He emphasized social studies in the curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance.
Curriculum theorists :
• William Kilpatrick (1871-1965) - viewed curriculum as purposeful activities which are child-centered. The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth.
Historical Foundations of Curriculum
Curriculum theorists :
•Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) - sees curriculum as organized around social functions of themes, organized knowledge and earner's interests.
• Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) - believes that curriculum is a science and an extension of school's philosophy. Based on students' need and interests.
Historical Foundations of Curriculum
PERKEMBANGAN EMPAT PERINGKAT SISTEM PENDIDIKAN DI MALAYSIA
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN KOLONIALISME
BRITISH1700-1786
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SELEPAS
KOLONIALISME BRITISH
1786-1956
PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS MERDEKA
PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Rentetan Sejarah Pendidikan Di Negara Malaysia
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SEBELUM KOLONIALISME
MASJID ATAU SURAU
SISTEM SEKOLAH PONDOK
SISTEM MADRASAH
ATAU SEKOLAH AGAMA MODEN
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Sistem Pendidikan Sebelum Zaman Kolonolisme British(1400-1786)
ZAMAN KOLONONIAL
BRITISH1786 -1956
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR
MELAYU
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR CINA
SEKOLAH
VERNAKULAR TAMIL
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR
INGGERIS
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Semasa Zaman Kolonialisme British(1786-1956).
PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKA N SELEPAS PERANG DUNIA
KE 2
RANCANGAN CHEESEMEN
PENYATA BARNES
PENYATA FERN WUORDINAN
PELAJARAN
PENYATA RAZAK
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Selepas Perang Dunia Kedua (1946-1956)
PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS KEMERDEKAAN
LAPORAN RAHMAN TALIB
AKTA PELAJARAN
LAPORAN HUSSAIN ONN
KBSR DAN KBSM
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Pendidikan Selepas Kemerdekaan (1957-1996)
PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU
PELAN INDUK PEMBANGUNAN
PENDIDIKAN (PIPP)
SEKOLAH WAWASAN
SEKOLAH BESTARI
SEKOLAH KLUSTER
Perkembangan Kurikulum di Malaysia
Pendidikan Alaf Baru
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONIt is concerned with beliefs. What is real --- ONTOLOGY What is true --- EPISTEMOLOGY What is good – AXIOLOGY
Philosophical oundations of Curriculum
Eight Educational Philosophies
PerennialismEssentialismProgressivismReconstructioni
sm
IdealismPragmatismRealismExistentialism
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
PerennialismAim of Education – To educate the rational person; to cultivate the intellect.Role of Education – Teachers help students think with reason.Focus in the Curriculum – Classical subjects, literary analysis and curriculum constant.Curriculum Trends – Use of great books and return to liberal.
Essentialism Aim of Education – To promote the intellectual growth of the individual and educate a competent person.Role of Education – The teacher is the sole authority in his or her subject area or field of specialization.Focus in the Curriculum – Essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential subjects.Curriculum Trends – Excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy.
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Progressivism Aim of Education – To promote democratic and social living.Role of Education – Knowledge leads to growth and development of lifelong learners who actively learn by doing.Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive. Curriculum is focused on students’ interest, human problems and affairs.Curriculum Trends – School reforms, relevant and contextualized curriculum, humanistic education.
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Reconstructionism Aim of Education – To improve and reconstruct society. Education for change.Role of Education – Teachers act as agents of change and reform in various educational projects including research.Focus in the Curriculum – Focus on present and future trends and issues of national and international interest.Curriculum Trends – Equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education.
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Idealism Aim of Education – The curriculum is
based upon the idea or assumption of the spiritual nature of man
Role of Education – A subject –matter or curriculum must emphasize the great and enduring ideas of the culture.
Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects must be essential for the realization of mental and moral Development
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Pragmatism Aim of Education – developing those
experiences that will enable one to lead a good life.
Role of Education – Education must help its students become excellent citizens in ademocratic society
Focus in the Curriculum – School Curriculummust be part of social context
Curriculum Trends – Instruction organized around problem solving according to the scientific method
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Realism Aim of Education – A pupil shall be taught with strong
states of personal disciplinePupil must be provided with essential
knowledgerequired for survival in natural worldRole of Education – Subjects are
taught by a teacher who is impersonal and objective and knows the subject fully
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Realism Focus in the Curriculum – Curriculum is best organized
according to subject – matter Curriculum should also emphasized
the effects of the social environment on the individual’s life
Curriculum Trends – The teaching method recommended are authoritative
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Existentialism Aim of Education – Teaching
strategiesmust stimulate an awareness that each
person creates a self-concept through significant choices
Role of Education – Teacher should help the student to become for himself what it is he wants to become
Focus in the Curriculum – School assists student in knowing themselves and leaning their place in society
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. It gives insight into:
Child development Learning Inquiry techniques Educational objectives Student characteristics Learning process Teaching method Evaluation procedures
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Three major groups of learning theories:
1.Behaviorists Psychology –
consider that learning should be organized in order that students can experience success in the process of mastering the subject matter
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
ALIRAN BEHAVIORISME (1878 - 1958)
Ahli psikologi behaviorismeMenegaskan
TUJUAN ILMU PSIKOLOGImenghurai
menerang
meramal
Mengawal tingkah laku
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Three major groups of learning theories:
2.Cognitive Psychology
- focus their attention on how individuals process information and how the monitor and manage thinking.
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Max Wertheimer 1880 - 1943
Wolfgang Kohler1887 - 1967
Kurt Koffka 1886-1941
AHLI-AHLI PSIKOLOGI KOGNITIVISME
Ahli-ahli Psikologi Gestalt
Jean Piaget( 1896 - 1980)
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
( 1896 – 1934)
Jerome S. Bruner (1915- ) David Ausubel
(1918 -)
Robert Mills Gagné
(1916 – 2002)
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Three major groups of learning theories:
3. Humanistic Psychology
- concerned with how learners can develop their human potential.
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
ALIRAN HUMANISTIK (1908 - 1987 )
PENGASAS
CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)
ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
PE
ND
EK
ATA
N H
UM
AN
IST
IK
CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)
ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970
GORDON ALLPORT(1897-1967)
ROLLO MAY(1909-1994)
Pendekatan ini berpendapat bahawa manusia adalah individu yang bebas dan baik dengan potensi untuk berkembang dan mempunyai sasaran untuk dicapai.
Teori ini menyatakan bahawa manusia terdorong bertindak melakukan sesuatu kemahuan atau keperluan.
Mengikut pendekatan ini,manusia sentiasa aktif dan bukan menunggu untuk dirancang oleh orang lain.
PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
It focuses on: Job or market
oriented curriculum Skill learning
ECONOMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Sociology is the study of social relationships, institutions and society.
It includes Value of society Media explosion New forms of
cooperation Culture etc.
SOSIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Schools exist within the social context.
Schools are made to help to understand the changes globalization brings.
The relationship of curriculum and society is mutual and encompassing.
Schools are not only institutions that can educate people in the society.
SOSIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
-THE END-THANK YOU!!!