M A G A Z I N E P R O D U C T I O N F O L D E R

G E O R G I N A M A L P A S S

AS MEDIAFOUNDATION PORTFOLIO

RESEARCH INTO SIMILAR PRODUCTS

• Front cover analysis • Content page analysis• Double page spread analysis

INTRODUCTION

My main Media Studies Foundation Portfolio Task is to carry outdetailed critical analysis of fashion magazine: front covers,content pages and double page spreads. Research intoproducts must be similar to the one I intend to design and make.In this research will focus on outlining key design codes andconventions with emphasis on analytical deconstruction.

Prior to this task I have participated in a group mind mapdiscussion which allowed me and my class mates to discuspotential magazine genres. We considered; sports magazines,music magazines, gossip magazines and real state magazines aspotential options which lead me to decide on basing my MediaStudies Task on Fashion magazines, due to my personalpreference and interests. I also study AS Level Art Fashion Designwhich naturally lead me to combine my knowledge with myMedia Studies Foundation Portfolio Task.

FRONT COVER ANALYSIS

• Front cover deign conventions and terminology.

Masthead

Banner

Dateline,

month

Main

image

Barcode

Main cover

line

Anchorage

copy

Spine

Cover

lines

Flash

button

TEEN VOGUE FRONT COVER ANALYSIS

• Front cover detailed design conventions and terminology.

MAGAZINE ANALYSISMain Image- is a portrait photograph of the actress Emma Watson, who represents the magazine’s target market, teen girls. She is also chosen as the cover girl due to her status as an actress, which young girls aspire to.

The masthead shows a collaborating contrast and a combination of serif and san serif type face which creates visual branding for the title. The title is located at the top of the page in a large font and contrasting colours, which will catch the target audiences eye. As the word ‘teen’ is in a bold and playful font, this emphasize the youth culture that the magazines wants to attract. Then the word ‘vogue’ is in a classical serif font displaying all the glamour and sophistication that the original magazine represents. Joining the two fonts together signifies that this magazine is a young, fun version of the high fashion Vogue.

Overall the image and copy fit together well as they both follow a classical theme, the use of a ‘role model’ on the cover appeals to the target audience and the eye catching colours and topics of the titles will make the issue stand out on the shelves..

The primary cover lines of the magazine uses mainly primary colours (red, blue and yellow) which are eye catching and endearing to the reader. The secondary selling lines use contrasting colours such as black and white which stand out from the background and complement the other three colours used in the textual design.

The connotation behind the

colour scheme is that they are classical and timeless which ties in with the contemporary styling of the main image.

The language in the selling lines are, short, sharp and relaxed as they describe topics that teenage girls discuss or would like to read about.

The bold screamers make a strong impact on the target audience and use short sweet snippets from the detailed articles inside, hooking the audience in and making them want to read the whole article.

The lighting is bright and the country side background is out of focus as the emphasis is on the main image . The colourful wardrobe choice ties in with the masthead as the young actress is wearing stylish contemporary clothing ,combining the teens with sophisticated high fashion. Theses are all aspects that also appeal to teenage girls. The main image is a medium long shot drawing the readers attention to the authentic styling and fresh face that the subject is showcasing. The relaxed pose and inviting facial expression of the actress is welcoming and friendly embodies the essence of’ girl next door’.

The Barcode is vital for selling the magazine. It is made up off a digital series of numbers which shows the number of issues sold and the number of magazines in stock in the shop.

COSMOPOLITAN FRONT COVER ANALYSIS

• Front cover detailed design conventions and terminology.

Main image- due to the composition of the text and image it shows where the readers attention should be, as the image overlaps the masthead the actress becomes the main focal point on the cover. The shot of the subject is a medium close up of the actress Jessica Alba. Fans of the actress would be attracted to the magazine

to read more about the actress. The actress uses direct address, almost making eye contact with the audience, engaging the reader and enticing them to purchase the magazine. Her pose is also seductive and confident tying in with the ‘cosmopolitan’ brand image. The uses of the main image represents a female target audience. They have used a female on the front cover to entice female readers as the magazine is appealing to a mature audience, so they have no need to use stereotypical selling methods such as; sub images like cheaper magazines such as ‘’Now’ magazine do.

Price- the price is in small size as they magazine does not want the audience to focus on the expensive price first, they want the readers to

notice all the magazine has to offer.

Barcode- the barcode is a common feature of all magazines, they are normally found in the corners of the cover as they are not important for the audience to read.

Masthead- written in a mature, bold, capitalised font the masthead is able to stands out even from behind the main image. In ‘cosmopolitan’ the colour contrast between the black and the pink makes the masthead eye catching. The positioning of the mast head is at the top of the cover notifying the audience the importance of the brand of the magazine. ‘Now’ magazine puts its masthead at the left hand side of the cover situated between other taglines, which is a common feature of cheap magazines so they can include more on the front page.

Cover lines- the taglines of ‘cosmopolitan’ talks about subjects that their target audience (18-30 year old females) would like to read about, such as: new styles, body secrets and men. The layout of the

cover lines are also conventional with the main image as they are all situated around the actress. The amount of taglines also connotes that the magazine in full of exciting issues. It also states: ‘Huge beach read, 100 extra pages’ as a screamer on the cover to encourage purchasing for holidays.

Colour scheme- there are three colours to the front cover of the magazine: black, pink and white. These colours are eye pleasing and also contrasting. Pink is the dominant colour on the page which also suggests the target audience of the magazine being female. The black stands out from the pale background and ties in with the wardrobe choice of the main image. The white is bold

and highlights some of the keywords in the cover lines.

MAGAZINE ANALYSIS

NOW MAGAZINE FRONT COVER ANALYSIS

• Front cover detailed design conventions and terminology.

Main image- its difficult to tell which of

the main images shown on the front

cover is the main image, where as in

‘cosmopolitan’ there was one main

image. This depicts the class of

magazine and pin points the audience

it is appealing to. The magazine gives

the impression that it is jam packed with

stories and therefore worth buying (for

a cheap price) over an other magazine

that has a higher price. However

‘Cosmopolitan’ showcases a more

organised and classy look, with more

spending power.

Colour scheme- This magazine is filled

with lots of bright, bold and intense

colours such as: neon pink, acid

orange, electric blue and contrasting

white and black. The choice of colour

is eye catching and will draw in the

audience, never the less it is not as

sophisticated and complementing as

‘cosmopolitan's colour scheme.

Layout- the text is busy and looks

randomly placed, this contrasts to

‘cosmopolitan’ magazines page

layout as theirs follows a strategic

layout pattern that attracts the readers

eye line (rule of thirds). These

differences represent the magazines

cost and formality, as ‘Now’ has a

cluttered, image-and-text crammed

front cover which signifies the cheap

price that appeals to an audience with

less spending power.

Mast head- the masthead- ‘Now’

this is a short and catchy title and is

showcased in an exciting, bold

font, this connotes that is magazine

is fun, chatty and current. On the

other hand ‘cosmopolitan’

embodies a sophisticated and

formal, modern magazine. The

masthead is, unlike ‘cosmopolitan’,

almost the same size as the

subtitles, this is so they have more

room to advertise the articles

inside. Also some of the selling lines

use emotive language and quotes

from the subjects in the article as

well as the use of rhetorical

questions, which entices the

reader to buy the magazine and

to find out ‘why?’

Cover lines- the cover lines are

large and capitalised this is so

they are the first thing the reader

sees as the magazine is hoping to

win their target audience based

on their story-lines rather than their

masthead branding. The

language is simple and endearing

and the use of emotive words

such as; ‘cheated, wrecked,

alone’ evokes the readers

emotions.

Price- after analyzing both magazines its clear that ‘cosmopolitan's magazine price which is considerably

more than ‘Now’s selling price, this is due to the magazines contrasting features such as; appealing to a

different audience, the quality of the print and the class of celebrities advertised on the cover.

MAGAZINE ANALYSIS

FASHION MAGAZINE FRONT COVER ANALYSIS

• Detailed comparison of design conventions and terminology of Teen Vogue and Teenage magazine.

Composition- Teen vogues showcases a

medium shot of Shailene Woodley as their

April issue cover girl, as she is staring in an

up coming movie that their target

audience would be excited to see and

read about (Divergent’s). She is also an

attractive and talented role model which

many teens want to look/be like.

Teenage magazine does mirror Teen

Vogue in this aspect as they also have

chosen a medium shot of an actress from

a new movie who their target audience

admires and would like to read more

about (in this case- Emma Watson from

Harry Potter and the deathly hallows).

Colour scheme-Teenage magazine uses two contrasting colours

for their masthead and selling lines (purple and yellow) this catches

the readers eye. Then again Teen Vogue uses a bright and

complementary colour pallet (pink, black and white) as this is

visually pleasing and will draw their target audience in.

Main Image- For the main image of the

magazine Teen vogue uses original images by

their own photographer. This magazine is a

high class as it magazine uses only one image

on the cover in order to look more formal and

mature, appealing to an older teen audience

with an interest in high fashion.

Cover lines-Teenage magazine’s uses many

sub images due to the audience and brand of

magazine. Teenage’s cover uses many images

to show the volume of content- trying to prove

that you get a lot for you money.

The masthead- with the masthead being ‘Teen Vogue’ it appears stylish and

elegant, composed between two fonts,

embodying youth and sophistication .

Cover lines- there are many cover lines framing the main subject in a

organized and classy way. The bold and colourful fonts stand out from

the out-of-focus background attracting the audiences eye. The selling

lines also comply with the rule of three which also draws the readers eye

line. The use of the word ‘exclusive’ emphasizing that the reader can not

read another article ,like Teen Vogue’s ,anywhere else.

Layout- the layout of teenage magazine appears

random and jam- packed as the images and cover

lines are scattered all over the cover. This also

represents connoting the magazines cheap price. he

price and informality of the magazine as it is busy and

is aimed and a younger audience.

Price- the price of these two magazines

contrast as: Teenage is the cheaper of

the two magazines, this can be seen in

the: contrasting colour scheme, urban

styled masthead, unoriginal images and

dispersed cover lines. This would appeal

to a lower class, adolescent audience,

therefore the price has to be affordable

for their target market. Where as teen

vogue is presented in a formal layout,

with a complementing colour scheme

and a high definition original main image.

This represents that the price reflects the

quality of the magazine and that the

target audience is prepared to pay more

for this.

CRITICAL COMPARISON OF TWO FASHION MAGAZINE FRONT COVERS

CONTENT PAGE ANALYSIS

• Teen Vogue content page detailed analysis of the design conventions and terminology.

Masthead- The name of the

magazine is ‘Teen Vogue’ which

represents the magazine as a young

and fresh version of ‘Vogue’ which is

about fashion. This will attract an

audience who is interested in the new

trends and the latest fashion icons.

The font of the mast head is divided,

as ‘teen’ is in lower case and a

slanted bold font where as ‘Vogue’ is

capitalised serif font which stresses

the power and importance of the

magazine. The mast head is located

at the top of the page this is so it is

the first thing the audience reads, its

small size is due to the magazine

wanting to included a large image of

celebrities and so it has more space

for its content information. The black

colouring of the masthead makes it

stand out from the white back

ground making it extremely eye

catching.

Selling line- this magazine has the

month the magazine was issued

considerably small and situated

under the masthead, this is due to the

date not being as significant as the

other information on the content

page. Although the date is small and

not bold, its black colouring makes

the month and year ‘April 2011’ stand

out against the contrasting white

back ground.

Main image- The models facial

expressions are happy and playful

(facial expressions that teenagers

might do in a photograph with their

friends). The image is a close up of the

subjects so the reader can identify the

celebrity (Darren Criss, who is one of

the main selling points of the

magazine) who is the focal point in the

photo. This attracts the target

audience as they will be intrigued by

the article on the actor. The colourful

wardrobe shows the models are

embodying a youthful and fun look.

They are also styled with classical

accessories such as; broaches, bow

ties, necklaces, headbands, colourful

makeup and high fashion hair does.

Direct Mode- There are many articles listed that may

personally appeal to different individuals due to their

interests and relations to certain subjects. ‘Fashion’

stands out as it is the biggest font on the page, this is

because teen vogue is a fashion magazine.

Denotation\ connation- The use of

hints of pink and orange in the text in

the corners represent the youth and

playfulness of the magazine yet still

staying bold and classical with the use

of black and white. The connotations

of the central image may interest an

audience who likes ‘Glee’ which the

actor Darren Criss stars in, or an

audience who watches the TV show

‘dancing with the stars’ which he also

appeared in.

Use of text- The font size is relatively

small throughout the contents page as

there are many articles that need to

be listed . The text colour is classically

black making the small writing easy to

read. There are little pink stamps next

to three of the articles to notify the

reader that these articles are featured

on the front cover.

CONTENT PAGE ANALYSIS

CONTENT PAGE COMPARISON

• Teen Vogue and Top Pop content page comparison and detailed analysis of the design conventions and terminology .

Layout- ‘Teen vogues’ content page uses one column layout, this is so the audience can focus on the image that is promoting an article inside the magazine. This creates an organised and visually pleasing overview of the magazine. However in the ‘Top pop’ magazines, the layout is divided into five columns, grouping articles in the magazine together depending on there content (such as; boys, celebrities, shopping and ways to win prizes). This creates the sensation that the magazine is full of interesting articles.

Colour scheme-Teen vogues uses

complementary

colours such as; light

yellow, lavender

blue, soft green and

shining gold. Theses

colours are subtle,

calming and

pleasing to the eye.

The black text make

it easy to read and

the bright blue text

highlights the main

articles drawing the

readers attention to

the article titles. On

the other hand the

‘Top Pop’ magazine

uses a variation of

bright colours to

grab the readers

attention, such as;

hot pink, bold red

and neon yellow. The

uses of these

contrasting colours

will attract the

magazines target

market- as young

teen girls like bright

colours and would

be more drawn to a

bright, bold and

colourful content

page than a black

and white one.

Masthead- the

masthead of ‘top

pop’ is- ‘inside the

mag…’ the font is

large and informal

and looks hand

written (san serif)

which appeals to

young teens, and

entices them to

read about what

the magazine has

to offer. The hot

pink back ground

makes the white

colouring of the

masthead stand

out.. ‘Teen

Vogues' masthead

is ’Georgia

Engendis’ who is

an aspiring fashion

designer and is a

main selling point

for the magazine.

The classical serif

font reflects

sophistication and

class.

Main image- The main image is off a 14 year old fashion

designed ‘Georgia Engenides’ she is an inspiration to many

girls and her story is interesting which is why she is the main

focal point of the content page. Her styling is high fashion

which ties in with the magazine theme. There is no main image

on the ‘Top Pop’ content page as they need many different

articles and images to draw the audience in. The use of shots

of singers from red carpet appearances and concerts as well

as photos of stylish purses, represents that this magazine is jam

packed with information, and helps the reader to navigate

the magazine straight to the article they are interested in.

Differences- in ‘Top Pops’ the page numbers are large

and point to where the articles (advertised on the front

cover) can be found. This is helpful to the reader and

makes the magazine easy to navigate. However ‘Teen

Vogues’ article descriptions are small representing that

they are not important as they have a good brand image

and buyers of the magazine know what it expect when

they purchase the magazine therefore Teen Vogue

doesn’t need to sell the magazine through the content

page.

CRITICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MAGAZINE CONTENT PAGES

CONTENT PAGE DESIGN MIND MAP

• A mind map of the codes, conventions and terminology of a content page.

Content Page

Codes & Conventions

Camera Shots

More ranges of camera

angles on the content

page then on the front

coverInstitutional Details

Date Issue number

Typography

Variety of…

v

Text sizes

Colours of

textText fonts

Other Conventions

Lists of people

who are

involved in

making the

magazine

Editors

Letter

List of magazine

articles and

features

Titles of the content

Demographics

Images

appealing to the

readers (age,

gender, ethnicity

and so on)

The colour

scheme will

represent the

magazines

target audience

Topics of the

articles would

interest the

target readers

Image Type

Supporting

images for the

articles

The continuity of

design

Brand identity-

such as title

Colour scheme

continuing from

the front cover to

the content page

Small image of

the front cover

DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD ANALYSIS

• A detailed analysis of the design conventions and terminology when comparing Teen Vogue and Pick Me Up magazine.

Headline- the typography of ‘Teen vogue’ is in a sophisticated serif font, located at the bottom right hand corner of the double page spread, this is due to the images being the main focus pull for the article. The masthead is a classical black colour as even though the text is small in size the magazine still wants to catch the readers eye with the bold contrast between the masthead and back drop image. However the magazine below-‘Pick me up’ has a big bold attention grabbing mast head as the large san serif font makes the masthead easy to read. The masthead not only stands out as it is white lettering against a blue background but also ties in with the colour scheme of the article and the Facebook logo. The mast head contrasts: as ‘Facebook’ is large and has a blue background (keeping with the Facebook logo) where as ‘saved my wedding’ is smaller and in a lighter blue this draws readers in as it is an visually intriguing masthead.

Colour scheme- ‘Teen vogue’ keeps it classy with a vintage black and white colour scheme which ties in with the styling of the main images and the text fonts. On the other hand ‘Pick me up’ magazine boasts a blue, white and black colourscheme as that ties in with the Facebook theme. The coloursalso are visually pleasing and connote that sadness and tragedy may appear some where in the article.

Layout- the layout of ‘teen vogue’ is simple and organized with two main images as the back drop of the double page spread with a large mast head at the bottom right of the page and a small amount of small sized text framing the image to the left. In contrast the layout of the double page spread of the ‘pick

me up’ article is busy and congested. There are multiple images in all different sizes around the article and the text is in a small size and is organized in six columns lined across the page . Additionally under the mast head there is a summary of the article in bold which will entice the audience to read on and there is also many blue boxes with white text spotted around the article which describe a photo or explains aspects of

the article in more detail, this is for effect and will grab the readers attention.

Images- In ‘teen vogue’ there are two high-definition main images featured in the double page spread. The first image (on the left) is a long shot of the actress Emma Stone, the photograph is a classic black and white photo with vintage styling. The main images take up the majority of the pages making them the main focus of the article. The second image (on the right) is a medium lose up of the same actress Emma Stone. The hair, make up, wardrobe choice and styling follows the classical vintage theme and the colour choice for theses aspects are light, soft and neutral allowing the subjects blue eyes (which engage with the reader)and the black text to stand out. In contrast ‘Pick me up’ has many different sized images randomly placed around the article to help tell the story. The images are sent in to the magazine by the owner of the story (rather then the magazine having its own photographer to take original images, like teen vogue has). The subject of the images in ‘pick me up’ are of regular people

unlike teen vogue who only report on celebrities, this connotes the target audience’s interests.

Text- for ‘teen vogue’ the text is minimal as there will be a continuation of the article on following pages and is written in third person. The language is modern and mature, appealing to the target audience of the magazine- teens and young adults. The text is written by young university graduates who major in fashion and English which connotes to why the language is so contemporary and readable. Then again ‘Pick me up’ magazines has a high volume of text, this is to encourage the audience that the magazine is good value for money. The language is simple and easy to read, this is so it also appeals to its readers and as the author of the article writes about their personal stories, the article is written in first person. There is also a lot of emotive language inside the article as the magazine wants the readers to feel sympathy and also to exaggerate the ‘happy ending’

CRITICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MAGAZINE DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD

DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD ANALYSIS

• A detailed analysis of the design conventions and terminology of Teen Vogues double page spread.

Headline- the headline is written in

a classical serif font

on the right hand

page as the left

page is focused on

the actress Emma

Watson who is the

subject of the

article, this shows

that the magazine

wants the audience

to pay attention to

the image rather

then the headline.

‘A life in the

spotlight’ is

describing Emma

Watsons lifestyle, as

she starred in all the

Harry Potter movies

from a young age.

The headline is

subtitle and doesn’t

use any neon or

electric colours to

grab the readers

attention, the

contrast between

the white

background and

black lettering is

eye catching

enough for ‘teen

vogues’ audience.

Byline- The byline informs the

readers who wrote the article

and who took the photographs. It

is small in size and can often be

overlooked but it is helpful to

anyone who wants to research

the magazine.

Text- there is not much text compared to the image, this is so the readers

focus on the main image,. As Emma Watson is the main selling point of the

article, readers are more likely to read the text if they see a photograph of

a star they admire and aspire to. The language in the magazine is poetic

and informative as it tells Emma Watsons life story in a descriptive way. The

topics of the articles are also are favored by the readers as they give an

insight into the lives of their favorite celebrities (like the spread above) yet

they also discuss serious matters that teens should be informed about.

Main image- The main image is a long shot of famed film star Emma Watson who is best known for her role as ‘Herminie Granger’ in the Harry Potter movies. This is the only image on the double page spread. Emma Watson is styled in an authentic fashion which embodies a contemporary take on the eccentric old English couture. Her purple designer ball gown and embellished blazer ties in with the theme, so does her matching plum lipstick and her elegant hair style .The subject combines youthful glamour and high fashion, which is what teen vogue is all about. There are many aspects to the image; the union jack appears just behind her leg symbolizing her nationality and the

composition for the photograph is very complex, decorated with antique mirrors, old fashioned furniture and intricate frames of butterflies. As it is the only image for the double page spread it can afford to be this busy because it will keep the readers gaze as they focus on all the details. The styling and

set also keep with Emma's quirky and unique image as it reflects her style as well as symbolizes her eccentric life; as she has grown up acting as a ‘witch' with ‘wizards ‘ ‘magical creatures’ and ‘mystical potions’ in the Harry Potter movies, all keeping with the authentic fairytale theme.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A MAGAZINE DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD

CODES AND CONVENTIONS USED TO CREATE A MAGAZINE

• A detailed analysis of the design codes, conventions and terminology of a fashion magazine.

Masthead- is the title for the magazine, the masthead typography is distinctive to the brand of magazine and is the most eye catching convention on the cover.

Headline- is the title of the article, it appears in in a large font at the top of the page, giving the audiences an insight to what an article is about as well as grabbing the readers attention.

Selling line/strapline- are seen as an introductory headline below the masthead describing the magazine.

Contents- normally a one page spread which displays what is included in the magazine.

Pugs- are the prices, freebies and logos of the magazine brand they are positioned at the top right hand corner of the cover.

Splash/Lead story- the main article of the front cover, backed up by a photo and the headline from the article.

Secondary lead/Sub-stories- a sneak preview on the cover of an article issued in the magazine, the title of the story and a shocking photo makes the audience want to read more.

Side-bar- An additional box beside the main feature of the magazine.

Strand first/ strapline- is the sentence under the headline, before the article begins, that sells a feature to the audience.

Tag/Lure- engaging words or phrases that grab the readers attention.

Pull quote- normally a quote from the article, this gives the reader an insight to what the article may be about. This can be found in the splash text.

Box-out- a coloured box located behind the mast head, to make it stand out.

By-line/Credits- this names the reporter who wrote the article and sometimes also the photographer.

Caption-The text near an image that explains it and normally labels the people in the photo.

Crosshead- is a sub-heading or side-heading that explains briefly what the next paragraph is going to be about.

Typography- fonts, such as: serif, sans-serif, drop-cap.

Main image- is a photograph of a person, people or an object that is directly linked to the article.

Barcode/issue number/Dateline and price- information that may be over looked as it is in a small text and is located in the bottom corners of the front cover, as it is not the main selling points of the magazine.

Top and Bottom Strip- these are strips above and below the masthead, advertised articles and the main image(s) on the cover that give further information about what's inside the magazine. Making the magazine look full of information.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS USED TO CREATE A MAGAZINE

SUMMARY

• A summery of my research into existing fashion magazines design specification: front covers, content pages and double page spreads.

SUMMARY

The important purpose of a magazine front cover is to entice the target audience andconvince them to buy it. A well designed front cover can make the magazine millions. Thefeatures that make up a front cover are the conventions of a magazine,

Mastheads are the titles of the magazine and usually appear at the top of the cover in abold and colourful font to catch the audiences eye.

The tagline is the main story/ feature of the magazine and is also in a bold font as to grabthe readers attention with a title that will appeal to their interests.

The main image of a magazine is extremely important as readers tend to look at the imagebefore any of the printed text. The main image is usually central and relevant to themagazine and to the tagline.

Fonts are an aspect that contributes to the visual effect a magazine has on its targetaudience, fonts of text can also be used to emphasise the meaning of the words, forexample a bold font will imply that the text is important or a curly font will reveal the text isflirtatious.

Cover lines are positioned around the main image and describe the other articles includedin the magazine.

The use of colour is important to a front cover as colours attract the human eye, co-ordinating colour schemes are visually pleasing and will make the magazine more desirable.

Colours of texts may also be used to represent feelings or holiday seasons which will attractreaders. The mode of address depicts the way a magazine communicates with itsaudience, direct modes of address can be- the cover models pointing at the reader orthrough the use of pronouns like “you”.

Barcodes and prices are placed in the corners of the magazine as not to distract theaudience from the magazines main selling points.