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Art History Survey II: India After 1200 T,R, 12-1:20PM Professor Paige Prater

Art History Survey: India After 1200

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a brief, non-comprehensive introduction to Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and the styles and arts of India and Southeast Asia, post-1200 CE up until 1947.

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Page 1: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Art History Survey II: India After 1200

T,R, 12-1:20PMProfessor Paige Prater

Page 2: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Map it!

Page 3: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Times

• 1199 CE – fall of Pala dynasty (northeastern India) • 1206 – Turkish dynasties rule parts of India• 13th-14th century – Sukhothai Kingdom, Thailand• 1336-1565 – Vijayanagar Dynasties• 1526- First Mughal Emperor (Babur)• 1600 – British East India Company• 1658-1858 – unified Mughal Empire (northern India)• 1858-1947 – British imperial power in India• 1947 CE – India is independent

Page 4: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Big Ideas for Art in Ch. 23

• Exogenous influence • Nationalism• Imperialism• Global style vs. indigenous themes• One nation: many religions represented – Buddhism– Jainism– Hinduism

Page 5: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Religious Traditions in India

• Buddhism– Buddha’s teaching (563-483 BCE) – life’s

difficulties>enlightenment>nirvana• Hinduism – karma, reincarnation, polytheistic;

liberation from samsara (cycle of life and death)– Vishnu– Shiva– Devi– Brahma

Page 6: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Jainism

• Kill no living creature; strict vegetarianism• ‘Three Jewels’: right belief, right knowledge, right

conduct• Monks/laypersons seek purification to become

worthy of rebirth in pathfinder’s heaven• Mahavira (599-527 BCE)– Final of 24 pathfinders

• Kalpa Sutra (1375-1400 CE)– illuminated manuscript of lives of pathfinders

Page 7: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Places

• Monastic universities– Tantric (Vajrayana) Mahayana Buddhism (Tibet)

Page 8: Art History Survey: India After 1200

• Bodhisattva• Avalokiteshvara:

greatest compassion– Most popular

• Symbols: lotus, eye, crown

Tantric Mahayana Buddhism

The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. Kurkihar, Bihar. Pala dynasty, 12th century. Gilt-bronze, height 10”. Patna Museum, Patna.

Page 9: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Kalpa Sutra

• Gouache on paper

Detail of a Leaf with the Birth of Mahavira. Western Indian school (probably Gujarat), c. 1375-1400. 8.5x7.6 cm

Page 10: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Temple at Madurai, 13th century

• gopura=gateway entrance (11 of them)

• Dedicated to goddess Minakshi (Parvati, Shiva’s consort)

• Additions over the centuries

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohl3_NQiRjY

Page 11: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Southeast Asia: Buddhist & Hindu

• Now Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Indonesia

• Shwe-Dagon Stupa (Pagoda)

Page 12: Art History Survey: India After 1200
Page 13: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Southeast Asian Art after 1200

• Buddha Calling the Earth to Witness, Sukhothai style. Bronze

Page 14: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Ceramics from the Hoi An Hoard, Vietnamese, late 15th-early16th century

Page 15: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Mughal Period, reign of Akbar, c. 1567-1582

• Islamic influence• Hamza’s Spies Scale

the Fortress from the Hamzanama, North India. Gouache on cotton, 30x24.” Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna

Page 16: Art History Survey: India After 1200

Taj Mahal, 1631-1648, Agra, India• White marble inscribed; reflects the sun• Dome: 58’ diameter, 213’ tall• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPiuXIelwXA

Page 17: Art History Survey: India After 1200

India and the West

• 17th-18th centuries: British East India Co.

• 19th century: British control: New Delhi (1911)

• Classical+Indian styles

Sir Edward Lutyens, India Gate, 20th century.