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Art Appreciation Topic V: Baroque Art c.1600-c.1720

Art Appreciation Topic V: Baroque Art

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Page 1: Art Appreciation Topic V: Baroque Art

Art Appreciation

Topic V:Baroque Art

c.1600-c.1720

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“Baroque” is the name given to the vigorous style that dominated art and architecture in the 17th century. It was a bold, theatrical style characterized by movement, intense emotion, and dramatic contrasts in lighting. This style originated in Rome and spread throughout Europe.

In some ways, the Baroque style looked back to the grandeur, dignity, and directness of the High Renaissance, but it also took elements from Mannerism, blending these influences into a fresh and dynamic style.

Because it was linked to the Counter-Reformation in the Catholic Church, Baroque art in its purest form was produced only in Catholic countries. It generally seemed overemotional to Protestant eyes, although elements of the Baroque style often occur in art from Protestant countries and are used to treat secular subjects.

Aside from religion, other popular Baroque subjects included: portraits, landscapes, mythological and allegorical subjects, , and scenes of everyday life.

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Sick Bacchus by

Caravaggio

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Sleeping Cupid by Caravaggio

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Ceres and Stellio

byAdam

Elsheimer

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Old Woman at the Mirror

byStrozzi

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Diana and her Nymphs by Domenichino

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Apollo and Daphne

byBernini

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Romulus and

Remus Given

Shelter by Faustulus

byCortona

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Beheading of St. Paul

byAlgardi

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Rocky Landscape with a Huntsman and Warriors by Rosa

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During the 17th century France became the most powerful state in Europe and began to rival Italy for artistic leadership. While in Italy the most characteristic Baroque art was religious, in France it was frequently used in the service of the state—specifically to glorify King Louis XIV. His palace at Versailles is one of the two great monuments to the style.

The most influential French Baroque painters worked primarily in Rome, but they were highly influential in France, helping to create an ideal of classical dignity and restraint that had a profound and enduring impact on the country’s art.

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The Fortune Teller by Vouet

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Cheater with the Ace of Diamonds by La Tour

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The Empire

of Floraby

Poussin

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Peasant Family by the Le Nain brothers

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Smokers in an

Interiorby theLe Nain brothers

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Landscape with Dancing Figures by Lorraine

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Molièreby

CharlesLe Brun

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Vanitas (Still Life with Skull) by Champaigne

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Apollo Tended by the Nymphs by Girardon

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Milo of Crotona Attacked by a Lion

byPuget

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Louis XIVby

Rigaud

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Although it had declined greatly in political power, Spain had a glorious flowering of art in the 17th century and the Baroque style was well suited to the religious fervor of the country. Religion dominated its art, although the greatest Spanish artist of the time—Diego Velázquez—was primarily a portraitist. His work sometimes has a rhetorical quality characteristic of Baroque art, but it is always tempered by naturalism.

Madrid was the most important art center in the country, although other cities, notably Seville, were also of major importance at this time.

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The Merciful Christ

by Montañés

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Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber by Sánchez Cotán

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Still Life with Pottery Jars by Zurbarán

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Still Life with Lemons by Zurbarán

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Las Meninas

byVelázquez

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Two Boys Eating

Melons and Grapes

byMurillo

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Young Boys

Playing Diceby

Murillo

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In Ictu Oculi

by Valdés

Leal

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Art in Flanders (roughly equivalent to modern-day Belgium) and the Dutch Republic (Holland) shared a common heritage, as the two countries had been united in the 16th century. However, while the Dutch broke away from Spanish rule to create an independent, largely Protestant state, Flanders remained loyal to Spain and to the Catholic Church.

Consequently, although there are many similarities between the countries’ art, religious subjects remained of major importance in Flanders but were relatively uncommon in Holland. Rubens dominated Flemish art and ranks as one of the archetypical figures of the Baroque style, his work being full of warmth and energy. Rembrandt was a figure of comparable statue in Holland, and 17th century Dutch art was unprecedented for its volume and variety of painters.

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Venus at the Mirror

byRubens

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Bacchusby

Rubens

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Self-Portrait with Sunflowers by van Dyck

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Lord John and Lord Bernard Stuart

byvan

Dyck

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The Bitter Tonic

byBrouwer

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The Wild Boar Hunt by Snyders

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Fire and Childhood

byLievens

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The Laughing Cavalier

byHals

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The Mulatto

byHals

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The Music Party

byRembrandt

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Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt

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The Night Watch by Rembrandt

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A Table of Desserts by de Heem

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The Milkmaid

byVermeer

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Girl with the Pearl Earring

byVermeer

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The Art of

Paintingby

Vermeer

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The Merry Family by Steen

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The Windmill at Wijk

byRuisdael

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