Arrival in CanadaArrival in Canada

Chapter 8Chapter 8

The French ExplorersThe French Explorers• 1524 – France sent Giovanni Verrazano to find 1524 – France sent Giovanni Verrazano to find

the fabled NW Passage to Asia. He sailed the fabled NW Passage to Asia. He sailed between NFL and Florida discovering that NA between NFL and Florida discovering that NA was not an archipelago of islands, but a was not an archipelago of islands, but a continent.continent.

• 1534 – New king sent Jacques Cartier to keep 1534 – New king sent Jacques Cartier to keep looking. Claimed GSL for France. He looking. Claimed GSL for France. He kidnapped Donnaconna’s sons and returned to kidnapped Donnaconna’s sons and returned to France.France.

• Next year, he explored the St. Lawrence River Next year, he explored the St. Lawrence River with the help of his 2 guides. They tell Cartier of with the help of his 2 guides. They tell Cartier of a fabulous land – the kingdom of Saguenay.a fabulous land – the kingdom of Saguenay.

• Cue the book.Cue the book.

Portrait of Giovanni de Verrazano

Portrait of Jacques Cartier by Théophile Hamel (1817-1870)(Nos Racines)

First Voyage

• The small fleet arrives at the community of The small fleet arrives at the community of Stadacona (near Quebec City), but ignoring Stadacona (near Quebec City), but ignoring Donnaconna’s advice, Cartier sails further up Donnaconna’s advice, Cartier sails further up the river to a much larger town – Hochelaga the river to a much larger town – Hochelaga (Montreal today)(Montreal today)

• See C:APH Episode 1 – The Land God Gave CainSee C:APH Episode 1 – The Land God Gave Cain

• French king approved 3French king approved 3 rdrd expedition for Sieur de expedition for Sieur de Roberval to establish a French colony in NA. Roberval to establish a French colony in NA. because it may lead to wealth and territory for because it may lead to wealth and territory for France.France.

• Tough winters – settlers died of scurvy, their Tough winters – settlers died of scurvy, their effort to colonize failed for the time being.effort to colonize failed for the time being.

Second Voyage

Beginning of the Fur TradeBeginning of the Fur Trade• The colony existed to raise money for the The colony existed to raise money for the

home country, not to open up new areas home country, not to open up new areas for settlement.for settlement.

• Europeans were making good fishing Europeans were making good fishing money, but more profits could be made money, but more profits could be made from – wolf, fisher, marten, lynx, and other from – wolf, fisher, marten, lynx, and other animals.animals.

• Huge profits from native people who Huge profits from native people who desired cheaper items – knives, hatchets, desired cheaper items – knives, hatchets, pots, and beads.pots, and beads.

The English & The DutchThe English & The Dutch

• Both looked to colonize the north.Both looked to colonize the north.• 1610 – Dutch settled on Hudson River, 1610 – Dutch settled on Hudson River,

which Henry Hudson explored for the East which Henry Hudson explored for the East India Co. years earlier.India Co. years earlier.

• English explored the Arctic and claimed English explored the Arctic and claimed territories, including NFL (in 1583) by territories, including NFL (in 1583) by Humphrey Gilbert, even though Portugese Humphrey Gilbert, even though Portugese and Basque fishers lived there.and Basque fishers lived there.

Henry HudsonHenry HudsonBorn around 1575, died around 1611Born around 1575, died around 1611

• credited as the European credited as the European discoverer of discoverer of Hudson BayHudson Bay . .

• He is also remembered for He is also remembered for the sad end of his last the sad end of his last voyage. voyage.

• Most of his crew Most of his crew mutiniedmutinied against him, leaving against him, leaving Hudson, his son and several Hudson, his son and several other crewmembers to die in other crewmembers to die in the bay that is now named the bay that is now named after him. after him.

The Founding of New FranceThe Founding of New France• Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain was given a monopoly on was given a monopoly on

the fur trade in return for esta a French colony.the fur trade in return for esta a French colony.• 1605 – esta a small post “Port Royal” (in NS) – 1605 – esta a small post “Port Royal” (in NS) –

not a great success.not a great success.• Few settlers stay on as long as they agreed not Few settlers stay on as long as they agreed not

to work the fur trade. They became skilled to work the fur trade. They became skilled farmers and formed the colony of farmers and formed the colony of AcadiaAcadia..

• 1608 – esta a post, at what is now, Quebec City1608 – esta a post, at what is now, Quebec City• Champlain formed an alliance with the Huron Champlain formed an alliance with the Huron

people to use their trading connections and people to use their trading connections and routes. What were other Huron economic routes. What were other Huron economic advantages?advantages?

Champlain and the Port Royal

settlement

The Wellington 1812 The Paris Beau 1815The D’orsay 1820The Regent 1825

A beaver pelt consists of two layers, an outer layer of coarse guard hair and an undercoat of soft, velvety fur called the duvet. When the guard hairs were removed, the woolly underfur, known as castor gras, was perfect for making felt hats.

It was actually a felt hat, manufactured by removing the fur from its skin and mashing it together with adhesives and stiffeners. (One of these additives was mercury, the fumes from which affected the brains of hat-makers, giving rise to the expression "mad as a hatter".)

Settlement & ColonizationSettlement & Colonization• By 1635 Euro countries were working to extend their By 1635 Euro countries were working to extend their

imperial interests around the world.imperial interests around the world.• Left - What is the Company of a Hundred Associates?Left - What is the Company of a Hundred Associates?• The Jesuits, an order of Roman Catholic priests, were The Jesuits, an order of Roman Catholic priests, were

the partners of the CHA.the partners of the CHA.• Left - What did Cardinal Richelieu want them to do?Left - What did Cardinal Richelieu want them to do?• Others had failed, but the Jesuits were prepared to go Others had failed, but the Jesuits were prepared to go

anywhere and make any sacrifice to spread ‘The anywhere and make any sacrifice to spread ‘The Word’.Word’.

• Many joined because Hurons who converted to Many joined because Hurons who converted to Christianity enjoyed privileges of the fur trade.Christianity enjoyed privileges of the fur trade.

• See C:APH Episode 2 – A Precarious ColonySee C:APH Episode 2 – A Precarious Colony

MercantilismMercantilism• Became popular in Europe in the 1500s and was the Became popular in Europe in the 1500s and was the

main reason to colonize new lands.main reason to colonize new lands.• The theory states that there is a certain amount of The theory states that there is a certain amount of

wealth in the world and that it is in a nation’s best wealth in the world and that it is in a nation’s best interest to accumulate it.interest to accumulate it.

• Through wealth, a nation can achieve power.Through wealth, a nation can achieve power.• A country achieves wealth by producing and exporting A country achieves wealth by producing and exporting

more goods than it imports – the goods must be sold more goods than it imports – the goods must be sold at a profit for wealth to accumulate.at a profit for wealth to accumulate.

• Left - Why would NA be a good colony for France? Left - Why would NA be a good colony for France? (p.237)(p.237)

The First GovernmentThe First Government• In 1663, the gov’t of France (Louis XIV) made In 1663, the gov’t of France (Louis XIV) made

New France a royal colony.New France a royal colony.• A governor was appointed to represent the A governor was appointed to represent the

king, supervise defense, and esta treaties with king, supervise defense, and esta treaties with the Native peoples.the Native peoples.

• A chief administrator (intendant) – govern the A chief administrator (intendant) – govern the local peoplelocal people

• Soldiers – sent for protection.Soldiers – sent for protection.• Catholic bishop – rel affairsCatholic bishop – rel affairs• Priests and nuns – convert Native peoples.Priests and nuns – convert Native peoples.

• The governor, intendant, and bishop made up the Sovereign The governor, intendant, and bishop made up the Sovereign Council – gov’t of New France.Council – gov’t of New France.

• Make a 3-column chart and find info from p.238-9.Make a 3-column chart and find info from p.238-9.

Talon Frontenac LavalTalon Frontenac Laval• Talon knew NF needed settlers, a defense, and industries. Talon knew NF needed settlers, a defense, and industries. • Frontenac fought with the Church and French gov’t.Frontenac fought with the Church and French gov’t.• Laval was a moral aristocrat.Laval was a moral aristocrat.

Life in New FranceLife in New France

• Jig SawJig Saw