ARCH 416Spring ‘15

Class 03 Climate, Cities, Collapse

location of Chaco Canyon“Four Corners” regionnorthwestern New Mexico

Map of Chaco Canyon showing unique land formations and more than a dozenAnasazi building sites. We will focus on Pueblo Bonito and Casa Rinconada.

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3ooXXgq&source=ppt

Anasazi roads excavated at Chaco Canyon, NM

timeline of settlement, habitation,abandonment at Chaco Canyon

aerial view, Chaco Canyon showing Anasazi ruins

slightly different aerial view of Chacowith clear focus on Pueblo Bonito(semicircular form at bottom of picture)

Fajada Butte. Nearby landmark.

“Sun Dagger” top of Fajada Butte

view this simulationto understand it better

http://accad.osu.edu/~aprice/works/sundagger/index.html

arial viewPueblo Bonito

reconstruction drawing of Pueblo Bonito

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3kpeF9wdSU=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=4jEgczguKFhfKyMyeVEUR38qUHEqfw==&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3omX3Ut&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3onVnku&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3oqd1V8fSc=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3omX3Uq&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3ooXXgo&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJcaS8oMloyLyw4fThzSnsv&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p/fSc6&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p+fSMw&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p+cSg1&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p+cCw8&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p/fSc7&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3oqd1V+fSg=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p+cSgz&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHMncV12fSM=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHsoe1p+cSg0&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHMncV12fSI=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=4ilCeTwkNyMpQi84eDV6T3MkUnE=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=4ilCeTwkNyMpQi84eDV6T3MkX3o=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8ClYeTw8JSE3LyMxZi10XBcoXHspfFhyeCw9&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8ClYeTw8JSE3LyMxZi10XBcoXHspfFhyeC03&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8jNPYyMnKDE9IzI9dyZ8WRcoXHMncV12fiM=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3gqel17eCQ=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3gvfFB3fyE=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3gvfFB3fiM=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3gvfFB3fCc=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3guf1J9dCY=&source=ppt

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJdfDcxKy49NEA7eD95Q3ooXX4r&source=ppt

Aerial view: the great kiva at Casa Rinconada

Casa Rinconada--Great Kivadiameter of 63 ft

Casa Rinconada: Northeast window and T-Shaped doorway

Casa Rinconada

Astronomical alignments at Casa RinconadaDate: c.1050

http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3kpeFJ1cS8=&source=ppt

similar alignments for all kivas

typical kiva plan

potsherdsChaco Canyon

potsherdsChaco Canyon

potsherdsChaco Canyon

potsherdsChaco Canyon

potsherdsChaco Canyon

cylindrical vesselPueblo BonitoChaco Canyon

cylindrical vesselsChaco Canyon

ceramic mugChaco Canyon

ceramic pitcherPueblo BonitoChaco Canyon

human effigy bottleceramicChaco Canyon

human effigy bottleceramicChaco Canyon

grooved pounding stoneChaco Canyon

shell pendantsPenasco Blanco

shell pendantsstone pendantsPenasco BlancoChaco Canyon

shell beadsPenasco BlancoChaco Canyon

shell braceletsPenasco Blanco,Chaco Canyon

bowlPueblo Bonito

Small bowlSite: South side Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

petroglyphs carved into rock

collection of petroglyphs

quadruped petroglyph

petroglyph2 spirals

petroglyph, figure with upraised hands

snake petroglyph

Chaco Canyon, overview

Anasazi agriculture remained in “transitional” phase for a long time, due to harsh climate

pit houses were built first, and returned to as needed.

more resource-intensive buildings appeared when times were good

pit houses dated to 1150, 1220 and 1310: not a uniform progression from simpler to more complex structures

pit houses

examplesJomon (prehistoric Japan) has examples of these

digging pits to survive in Siberia

Little House on the Prairie

advantagesquick to construct

well-insulated (warm/cool even with extreme exterior temperatures)

for the Anasazi, they also had a symbolic significance, as they believed they emerged directly from the earth mother

deforestation of Chaco Canyon

each room required 40 beams

for a total of 250,000 beams to build the pueblos in Chaco Canyon

piñon and juniper had twisted trunks and limbs

ponderosa and Douglass fir cut down to a diameter of 50 miles around Chaco Canyon