Group 1:Dan ManaloShanielle Dannah IbanezBurwill PacitengClarisse Tenorio

Why do Chinese dislike milk and milk products?

Why would the Japanese die willingly in a banzai charge that seems senseless to the Americans?

Why do some nations trace their lineage through the father, others through the mother, still others through both parents?

Not because different people have different instincts, not because they were destined by God or Faith to different habits, not because the weather is different in China and Japan and the U.S.A. Sometimes shrewd Common Sense has an answer that is close to that of the Anthropologists: “Because they were brought up that way”By their “culture”. It’s due to the difference on how they lived in this world.

WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?Anthropology, by definition is the study of

infinite curiosity about human beings. The term comes from the Greek word

anthropos for “man, human” and logos for “study”.

Anthropology means the total way of the people, the social legacy the individual acquires from his/her group.

Anthropology study of all aspects of human life and culture.

WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?

ANTHROPOLOGISTS  Is a scientist who researches and studies sociohistorical, archaeological, linguistical and biological aspects of humanity, especially as they apply to the development of modern man.

KEY CONCEPTSSociety – consists of any group of

interacting millions or billions of people who share a common culture.

KEY CONCEPTS Culture – is fundamentally tied to people’s

ability to use language and other symbolic forms of representation.

KEY CONCEPTS Evolution – explains how much the past

contributed about people’s biology and culture.

FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGYCultural Anthropology

- Involves the study of how people living in present-day society and their culture and also studies how people make their living, how people interact with each other, what beliefs people hold, and what institutions organize society.

FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY Linguistic Anthropology

- Focuses on how people use language in particular cultures and often work with people who have unwritten languages or with languages that very few people speak.

FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGYArchaeology

- Focuses on the study of the past, rather than the living, human societies and cultures. Through the study of artifacts such as human fossils, tools, pottery, etc.

FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGYPhysical Anthropology- Also known as biological anthropology, concentrates on the connection between human biology and culture.Forensic Anthropology- Specialize in the analysis of human corpses or remains for legal investigations.

ANTHROPOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

Anthropology and Sociology

- Studies the human society and culture.

Anthropology and Human Psychology

- Studies how people become who they are shaped by their culture.

ANTHROPOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

Anthropology and History- Study historical documents to learn more of the past of living people

Anthropology and Economics- Focus on how aspects of economics and politics relate to other aspects of culture.

Understanding human diversityMaking Comparisons

Talks about using comparisons to see the uniqueness of one’s self and culture.

Examining many PerspectivesStudies the connection of Human Ecology, Biology, and culture in a holistic approach.

Avoiding Cultural BiasEthnocentrism where the belief of one’s culture is superior to the other.

HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGYCONTRIBUTOR

SDATE CONTRIBUTIONS

HERODOTUS 400 BC First thinker to write widely on concepts that would later become anthropology

IBN KHALDUN 14TH CENTURY

AD

Examined the environmental, sociological, psychological, and economic factors that affected the development and the rise and fall of civilizations.

BIBLICAL SCHOLARS 5TH-15TH CENTURY

AD

Dominated European thinking on questions of human origins and cultural developments which they believe as the Creations of God.

EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

15TH CENTURY

AD

Provided vivid descriptions of the exotic cultures they encountered on their journeys on Asia, Africa, and what are now the America.

THINKERS-HUME, LOCKE, ROUSSEAU

17TH AND 18TH

CENTURY AD

Wrote a number of humanistic works on the nature of human kind. They based their works on philosophical reasons rather than religious authority.

THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN ANTHROPOLOGY

EVOLUTIONARY THEORYCharles Darwin argued that plants and animal

species evolved through time under the process called Natural Selection.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY THEORIESLewis Henry Morgan argued that European

civilization was the pinnacle of human evolutionary progress, representing humanity’s highest biological, moral and technological advancement.

Sir Edward Taylor attempted to describe the developments of particular kinds of customs and beliefs found across many cultures.

THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN ANTHROPOLOGY

CULTURAL EVOLUTION, COLONIALISM, AND SOCIAL DARWINISM

The colonial nations of Europe used ethnocentric theories of cultural evolution to justify the expansion of their empires. This application of evolutionary theory to control the social and political policy became known as Social Darwinism.

NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND RESEARCH

INFLUENCE OF BOASFranz Boas advocated the theories that there

is no pure race and that no race is superior to the other.

Emile Durkheim is the father of the school of anthropology called Functionalism which analyze how cultural institutions kept a society working in order.

CULTURAL MATERIALISM AND ECOLOGYJulian Steward, Roy Rappaport, and Marvin

Harris began to study how culture and social institutions relate to peoples technology, economy and natural environment. This approach is later known as Cultural Materialism.

NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND RESEARCH

SYMBOLIC ANTHROPOLOGISTClifford Geertz and Victor Turner looked

for the meanings of particular cultural symbols and rituals within cultures themselves, an approach known as Symbolic Anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY TODAYAnthropology had become a very

diverse field with numerous areas of specialization. New research agendas have also emerged and several new trends in the world’s culture have dramatically changed anthropology.

In addition, the world faces problems of poverty, violence and environmental degradation. In response to these trends, many anthropologist has shifted their studies to urban culture and the workings of global culture. Much new research examines the international exchange of ideas, beliefs, and cultural practices.

Applied Anthropology Is explicit in its concern in making

anthropological knowledge useful. Example: Biological

anthropologists maybe called upon to give forensic evidence in court or they may work in public health or design clothes and equipment to human anatomy.

REFERENCES• Classic Edition Sources Anthropology Edited

Elvio Angeloni Pasadena City College • Anthropology Twelfth Edition Carol R. Ember

Human Relations Area Files, Melvin Ember Human Relations Area Files, Peter N. Peregrine, Lawrence University.

• Sociology and Anthropology by Ms. Miriam Grace Aquino and Mrs. Elna Lopez