Annual Report 2070 Nepali

cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&) i

jflif{s k|ltj] bgcf]/]s g]kfn

@)&)

ii cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg @)&)

;Dkfbg M 8f= ljgfos / fhe08f/ L

tof/ kfg] { M kfj{tL a:g] t

n] –cfp6 M /d]z e08f/L

sDKo'6/ ;xof]uL M lbndfof e08f/L

k|sfzg jif{ M @)&)

cf] / ] s g] kfn

afns'df/L, nlntk'/

kf] =a=g+= M !#@##, sf7df8f}+

kmf] g M )!–%))^#&#, ˆofS;M (&&–)!–%))^@&!

O{d]n M [email protected]

j]j M www.worecnepal.org

k|sfzsM

iiicf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

b'O{ zAb

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g / ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t lbuf] ;fd'bflos ljsf; ug'{ dlxnf k'g:yf{kgf

s]Gb| -cf]/]s g]kfn_ sf] kl/nIo /x]sf] 5 . cf]/]sn] ljut @@ jif{b]lv dlxnf clwsf/ / ;fdflhs Gofosf

nflu sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cf]/]s g]kfnn] dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg / ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts

clwsf/ cleofgnfO{ /fi6«AofkL ¿kdf ;~rfng ub} dlxnfx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0f / Ifdtf clej[l¢sf]

nflu ;xhLs/0f tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf ;~hfnx¿sf] ;jnLs/0f, ;+:yfut ljsf;sf ;fy} ljleGg

;jfndf gLlt kl/dfh{g, lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf nflu k}/jL ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts tyf

cfly{s ¿kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf l;dfGs[t, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf, t];|f] lnËL / lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt tyf

clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf nflu cf]/]s g]kfnn] sfd ub} cfO/x]sf] 5 .

cf]/]s g]kfnn] …dlxnf lx+;flj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntfÚ sf] nIo /fVb}} dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgnfO{

lg/Gt/ ;d'bfo, /fli6«ob]lv cGt/fli6«o :t/;Dd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;dfh, ;/f]sf/jfnf

lgsfo tyf /fHo kIfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL / lhDd]jf/ agfpg k}/jL / Ifdtf clea[l4sf sfdx¿ ub}{ dlxnf

lx+;f cGTo, ;fdflhs Gofo tyf ;zQmLs/0fsf] kf6f]nfO{ yk alnof] agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 .

dlxnf clwsf/, ;fd'bflos ;zQmLs/0f, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{g, lbuf] s[lif / k|fs[lts

;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf ljwfdf cf]/]s g]kfnn] ;+ufn]sf] cg'ejnfO{ of] jflif{s k|ltj]bgn] v'n:t kfg]{ 5 eGg]

xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 . o;} qmddf cf]/]s g]kfnåf/f ;~rflnt cleofgdf ;xsfo{ u/L n}lËs e]befjlj?4,

cGofo / zf]if0flj?4, ;fdflhs Gofo :yfkgfsf nflu xfdL k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;xof]u ub} cfPsf

ljleGg /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o, ;/sf/L tyf u}/–;/sf/L ;ª\3–;+:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ cf]/]s g]kfnsf]

tkm{af6 xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

afa' /fd uf}td

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

iv cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

ljifo;"rL

-s_ ;+:yfsf] kl/ro 1

-v_ dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg 4

-v_ ! dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cleofg 24

-v_ @ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd 29

-u_ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ cleofg 32

-u_ ! lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu lbuf] s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg

sfo{qmd

34

-u_ @ ;'/lIft :yfgfudg sfo{qmd 48

-u_ # dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ sfo{qmd 59

-u_ $ afn ljsf; tyf afn clwsf/ sfo{qmd 74

-u_ % dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb| …5xf/LÚ 81

-3_ lbuf] zflGtsf nflu ;xh cleofg 83

-ª_ clen]vfno tyf tYofÍ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL 97

-r_ cg';Gwfg tyf k|sfzg 102

-5_ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) sf] cfo Joo ljj/0f 105

kl/lzi6M cf]/]ssf] sfo{sf/L ;ldlt tyf ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt 111

vcf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

tflnsf ;"rL

tflnsf g+= ! Ifdtf clej[l¢sf] nflu ;DkGg tflndx¿sf] ljifoj:t' / ;xefuL ;+Vof 8

tflnsf g+= @ cf]/]sn] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/]sf lhNnf :t/Lo ;d"x tyf ;~hfnx¿ 30

tflnsf g+= # bfË, l;/xf/ pbok'/df ;~rflnt dlxnf :jf:Yo lzlj/af6 ;]jf lng] dlxnfx¿sf]

;+Vof

70

tflnsf g+= $ lzlj/df :jf:Yo hfFr ubf{ :yfgLo dlxnfx¿df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ 70

tflnsf g+= % dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gbdf ;]jf lng cfpg] dlxnfx¿df b]lvPsf

d=:jf=;d:ofx¿

72

tflnsf g+= ^ Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu tflndx¿ 92

tflnsf g+= & cf=a ^(–&) sf] dlxnf k'g:yf{kgf s]G›sf] cfo Joo ljj/0f 106

tflnsf g+= * cf=a=^(–&) df ePsf] s"n vr{ dWo] sfo{qmd ;xof]u, k|zf;lgs, kfl/>lds tyf

tflnd Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] vr{ ljj/0f

106

lrqx¿sf] ;"rL

lrq g+= != cf]/]s g]kfnåf/f k|sflzt dfl;s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ 13

lrq g+= @= ;'/Iffjf;, sfg'gL ;xof]u tyf dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf 20

lrq g=+ #= dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu ljleGg dfWod 30

lrq g+= $= ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/;DaGwL ;"rgf lng]x¿sf] ;+Vof 50

lrq g=+ %= dlxnf :jf:Yo lzlj/af6 ;]jf lng] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof 69

lrq g+= ^= dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb|af6 ;]jf kfpg]sf] ;+Vof 93

lrq g+= &= cf]/]s clen]vfnodf pknAw k':tsx¿sf] k|ltzt ljj/0f 98

lrq g+ * = cf=a=^(–&) df ePsf] s"n vr{ dWo] sfo{qmd ;xof]u, k|zf;lgs, kfl/>lds tyf tflnd Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] vr{ ljj/0f

106

cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

;+:yfsf] kl/ro-s_

1cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

dlxnf k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb| -cf]/]s_ g]kfn dlxnf clwsf/k|lt

;dlk{t Pjd\ ;fdflhs Gofosf lglDt ;ª\3if{/t Ps

/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . @)$& r}q !( df :yflkt

of] ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} ;fdflhs Gofo

/ dlxnf clwsf/ :yfkgfsf] nflu cleofg ;~rfng

ub}{{ cfPsf] 5 . cf]/]sn] dlxnf–lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg /

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] cleofgnfO{

cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf–lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg

cGtu{t dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] klxrfg tyf

;'/Iff, dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/lj¿4sf] lqmofsnfk

/ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 eg]

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] cleofg

cGt{ut vfB clwsf/, :jf:Yo clwsf/, hLljsf]kfh{gsf]

clwsf/ / ;'/lIft :yfgfudgsf] clwsf/sf nflu

jsfnt / ljljw sfo{qmdx¿ ul//x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm

lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf cf]/]sn] ;fd'bflos

;ª\3÷;+:yfx¿sf] ;jnLs/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ ;fdflhs

Gofo :yflkt ug{ u|fdL0f :t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd ljleGg

sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo,

kf]if0f nufot cGo If]qdf dlxnf / afnaflnsfdfly

ul/g] e]befj / dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ dlxnfx¿sf]

cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsfn] To;sf] cGTo

ug{sf nflu dlxnfx¿sf ljlzi6 clwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt

ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf o; ;+:yfsf] /x]sf] 5 .

kl/sNkgf;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t dlxnf clwsf/

;'lglZrttf;lxtsf] ;dfh cf]/]s g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgf

xf] .

kl/nIo cf]/]s g]kfn dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g / ;fdflhs

Gofodf cfwfl/t lbuf] ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf nflu

cleofg/t /xg]5 .

;+:yfsf] kl/ro

nIo

dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s, ;fdflhs /

;f+:s[lts clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{ dlxnflj?4 x'g]

lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/0f ug'{ cf]/]s g]kfnsf] nIo x'g]5 .

/0fg}lts p2]Zox¿ * dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu tyf

cfkm"lj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf] nflu ;ª\ul7t tyf

kl/rfng ug]{,

* dlxnf clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu dlxnf clwsf/sdL{

tyf nlIft ;d"xsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{,

* dlxnf clwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu jsfnt

tyf cleofgx¿ ;~rfng ug]{,

* lkt[;QfTds d"No, dfGotfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltnfO{

n}ª\lus ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltdf kl/jt{g

ug{sf nflu cfd;r]tLs/0f ug]{ /

* ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf :yfgLob]lv cGt/f{li6«o

:t/;Ddsf ;+:yfx¿ tyf hg;ª\u7gx¿;Fu ;xsfo{

ug]{ .

;+:yfut /0fg}lts d'2fx¿

* ;fd"lxs dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;

* dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo

* dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] klxrfg / ;'/Iff

* k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg / hLljsf]kfh{g

* ;fdflhs, cfly{s clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf / lbuf] zflGt

* gofF ;+ljwfgleq ;LdfGts[t tyf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrttf

* ;+:yfnfO{ l;Sg] / l;sfpg] ynf]sf] ¿kdf ljsf;

2 cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)

cf]/]ssf] sfo{If]qcf]/]s g]kfnn] k|ToIf ¿kdf !@ lhNnfdf cleofg tyf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+Ën] sfof{Gjog ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5

eg] ^# lhNnfx¿df dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o tyf lhNnf ;~hfn;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df dlxnf

lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .

cf]/]såf/f ;~rflnt cleofgx¿


dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf] cleofg

-v_


b]zdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] dlxnf lx+;flj?4df gful/s ;dfh,

cleoGtf, clwsf/sdL{, o'jfx¿ nufot ;a} ;r]t

gful/saf6 lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts kfl6{sf

g]tfx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg ul/Psf

ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿k|lt pgLx¿sf] z'Go hjfkmb]lxtfn]

dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf If]qdf yk r'gf}tLx¿ b]vf

k/]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltn] dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ pkef]u

ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .

csf]{lt/ dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf jsfnt ug]{ clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf nflu

klg r'gf}tLx¿ c´ ylkPsf 5g\ .

:yfgLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o:t/df dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf af/]df rrf{ kl/rrf{ / ax; ug{ yfn]sf] w]/} nfdf] ;do ePtf klg dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfdf eg] sdL cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sfnflu ;/sf/ cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|lta4 b]lvP klg b]zdf tL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ c´} lhDd]jf/ aGg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . b]zdf nDab} uPsf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f a9\b} uPsf] b08lxgtfn] dlxnf lx+;fnfO{ yk an k'u]sf]

5 . csf]{lt/ ;lbof}+b]lv g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ lkt[;QfTds ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / ;f]rsf sf/0f lje]lbt eO{ / lx+;fsf] ;fdgf ub}{ afFRg afWo 5g\ . oL ;fdflhs tyf kfl/jfl/s d"No / dfGotfx¿n] dlxnfnfO{ lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/lj?4 cfjfh p7fpFg / To;sf] pkrf/ vf]Hg cToGt sl7g agfPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfx¿ bf]xf]/f] df/df kg'{ kg]{ afWotf 5 . Psflt/ pgLx¿ cfkm"dfly lx+;f ug]{ kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf cfkmGtsf]] lj?4 n8\g' kl//x]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ lx+;fnfO{ dnhn ug]{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ ;fdflhs d"NodfGotfsflj?4 klg ;+3if{ ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf]

dlxnf ;zlQms/0f

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cleofg

dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lj?4sf]

cleofg

dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf] cleofg


;+3if{n] dlxnfsf] Gofo vf]Hg] IfdtfnfO{ ;Lldt / s'l07t agfOlbPsf] 5 . To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k s'g} ljsNk ljgf kLl8t dlxnfx¿ k'gM lx+;fu|:t / b'Jo{jxf/k"0f{ kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf kms{g jf afFRg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ . To;n] pgLx¿sf] hLjg yk r'gf}ltk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 .

b]z / ;dfhdf ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / cfly{s ¿kfGt/0f ePdf dfq dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'G5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy cf]/]s g]kfnn] …dlxnf lx+;flj?4 z'Go ;xgzLntfÚ sf] nIo /fVb} dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;d'bfob]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

kl/jlt{t ;do / ;Gbe{ cg';f/ sfd ub}{ cufl8 a9\g]

qmddf cf]/]sn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf]

nflu tyf cfkm"lj¿4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf] nflu ;ª\ul7t

tyf kl/rfng ug]{, dlxnf clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu dlxnf

clwsf/sdL{ tyf nlIft ;d"xsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{,

dlxnf clwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu jsfnt ug]{

/ lkt[;QfTds d"No, dfGotfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltnfO{ n}ª\

lus ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltdf kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu

cfd;r]tLs/0f ug{ ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf :yfgLob]lv

cGt/f{li6«o :t/;Ddsf ;+:yfx¿ tyf hg;ª\u7gx¿;Fu

;xsfo{ u/L sfd ug]{ dxŒjk"0f{ /0fg}lts p2]Zox¿ @))

( b]lv @)!# ;Ddsf] nflu to u/L ;f] cg';f/ cfjZos

sfo{qmdx¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg cGtu{t cf]/]sn] :yfgLo :t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Ddsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lgDg cg';f/ # jif{sf] /0fg}lts d'2f / p2]Zox¿ lgwf{/0f u/L cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .

/0fg}lts d'2f

* dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] ;'/lIft;Fu sfd

ug{ kfpg] jftfjf/0f;lxtsf] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f

Go"gLs/0f ePsf] cj:yf .

k}/jLsf d'2fx¿

* dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] klxrfg / ;'/Iff

* dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4 ;/sf/sf] hjfkmb]lxtf

d'Vo p2]Zox¿

!= dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4 sfo{/t dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] klxrfgsf ;fy} ;d'bfo :t/b]lv

/fli6«o :t/;Dd ;'/lIft tl/sfn] sfd ug{ kfpg]

jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ k}/jL ug{] .

@= dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;fdflhs /

dfgl;s ¿kdf :j:Yf /xg kfpg] clwsf/sf]

;'lglZrttf ug{ ;xof]uL ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{] .

#= dlxnf / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] clwsf/

;'lglZrt ug{ Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f

ug{] .

$= dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf

36gfx¿ clen]vLs/0f Joj:yfkg / ljZn]if0f u/L

gLlt lgdf{0f / cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu k}/jL ug{] .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿

!= dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f Go"gLs/0fsf nflu dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿, dlxnf, o'jf tyf

;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

@= dlxnf lx+;f /f]syfd tyf :yfgLo :t/b]lv /fli6«o

:t/;Dd lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt

dlxnfx¿sf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf;

ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/

agfpg k}/jL ug]{ .

#= dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iff gLlt Nofpg

k}/jL ug{] .

$= dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfsf] /fli6«o ¿kdf tYofÍ

Joj:yfkgsf nflu k}/jL ug{] .

%= n}lËs d}qL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu jsfnt ug]{ .

sfo{gLltx¿

* cfd ;r]tLs/0f / ;zQmLs/0fdf hf]8 .

* Ifdtf clea[l4 .

* ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ .

* gLltut Joj:yfsf nflu k}/jL .

* tYodf cfwfl/t k}/jLsf] nflu Jojl:yt ;"rgf

k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; -clen]vLs/0f, cg';Gwfg, k|sfzg_

ub}{ nfg] .


* lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljtx¿sf] nflu ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf]

ljsf; -;'/Iffjf;, dgf]ljdz{, sfg'gL ;xof]u,

:jf:Yo ;]jf_

;DkGg ultljlwx¿

!= cfd;r]tLs/0fsf nflu ul/Psf ultljlwx¿

lkt[;QfTds d"No, dfGotfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltnfO{

n}lËs ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltdf kl/jt{g ug{

cfd;r]tLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 cf]/]sn] :yfgLo :t/b]lv

/fli6«o :t/;Dd x/]s tx / tKsfdf /x]sf dlxnf, k'?if,

o'jf, k];fsdL{, gful/s ;dfh, /fhgLltssdL{, lzIfs

tyf ;]jf k|bfosx¿nfO{ ljleGg ultljlwdfkm{t ;"rgf

k|jfx u/L ;jfndf ;';"lrt ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

:s"n lzIff M ljßfnox¿df ljleGg ljifodf !^% j6f :s"n lZfIffsf sIffx¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . :s"n lzIffdf @*@# hgf 5fq / ##^* hgf 5fqfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;8s gf6s, krf{, kf]i6/ -;"rgf ;fdu|L_ ljt/0f

ljleGg ;jfndf ufpFb]lv zx/ ahf/;Dd ;/n /

;xh tl/sfaf6 ;"rgf k|jfx ug{sf nflu ;8s gf6s, lel8of] k|bz{g, krf{ l:6s/, ljt/0f ug'{sf ;fy} kf]i6/sf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L lbg] sfd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

cled'vLs/0f tyf 5nkmn M ljleGg ljifodf cled'vLs/0f tyf 5nkmnsf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|jfx u/L r]tgf clea[l4 / wf/0ffut ¿kdf :ki6tf Nofpg o; jif{ ljleGg lhNnfdf $!! j6f ultljlw ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df *^%# hgf dlxnf / #!*) k'?ifsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . * /]l8of] sfo{qmd M ;fd'bflos /]l8of] pbok'/ -!)@

yf]Knf] $ d]ufxh{_ af6 x/]s xKtf æGofosf] vf]hLÆ

sfo{qmd k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;dfh k'/fg}

k/Dk/f, ;f]raf6 d'Qm x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . kl/jt{gsf]

s'/f hlt u/]klg ;dfhdf dlxnfk|lt ul/g] Jojxf/df

kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;sf/0f ;dfhsf

x/]s JolQmnfO{ dlxnf clwsf/k|lt ;Dj]bgzLn

agfpg of] sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .


@= Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu ul/Psf tflndx¿

n}+lËs lx+;f, dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/ / k|hgg

:jf:Yo clwsf/k|lt ;Dj]bgzLn agfO{ Jojxf/df

kl/jt{g Nofpg d2t k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] nlIft ;d"xsf]

Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ /0fgLlt cg'¿k o; ;+:yfn] ljleGg

;d"x tyf ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿, k'?if, ;]jf k|bfos, dfgj

clwsf/ tyf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{, o'jf, gful/s ;dfhsf

k|ltlglw, lzIfs, kqsf/, nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]

Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu ljleGg ;jfndf tflnd,

uf]i7Lx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; jif{ hDdf !(

j6f tflnd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . h;df dlxnf #)$ hgf

/ k'?if !*& hgf u/L hDdf $(! hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

tflnsf != Ifdtf clej[l¢sf] nflu ;DkGg tflndx¿sf] ljifoj:t' / ;xefuL ;+Vof

lhNnf tflnd ljj/0f ;+Vof ;xefuL ;+Vof

dlxnf k'?if hDdf

bfË n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd %

lbg]

! @@ – @@

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL k'?ifx¿nfO{

# lbg] tflnd

! – @^ @^

Dflxnf lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ph'/L k|lqmof / k}/jL ;Lk;DaGwL tflnd ! @$ % @(

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL o'jfx¿nfO{

# lbg] tflnd

@ #( !( %*

aflnsf / lszf]/Ldfly x'g] of}g lx+;f / o;sf] lgoGq0fsf] nflu

lzIfsx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos @ lbg] cled'vLs/0f÷tflnd

! & !* @%

s}nfnL n}+lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL #

lbg] tflnd

@ $$ !# %&

k}/jL tflnd # lbg] ! @@ – @@

l;/xf k}/jL tflnd # lbg] ! @# – @#

n}+lËs lx+;flj?4 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd ! @$ – @$

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL o'jfx¿nfO{

# lbg] tflnd

! – !* !*


lhNnf tflnd ljj/0f ;+Vof ;xefuL ;+Vof

dlxnf k'?if hDdf

wg'iff n}+lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f tyf dgf]ljdz{;DaGwL o'jfx¿nfO{ #

lbg] tflnd

! !@ @$ #^

pbok '/ n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f ljifos # lbg] tflnd ! @) * @*

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd % lbg]

@ %! !) ^!

df]/Ë ÷;'g;/L

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL k'?ifx¿nfO{ # lbg] tflnd

# – ^$ ^$

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd % lbg]

! @# @#

hDdf @) #!! @)% %!^

#= ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn / hjfkmb]xL agfpgsf nflu ul/Psf ultljlwx¿

dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg cGtu{t k|d'v d'2f ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn / hjfkmb]xL agfpg' /x]sfn] /fHosf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /x]sf JolQmx¿ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] txdf /xg] JolQmx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L :yfgLo txb]lv /fli6«o tx;Dd ljleGg r/0fdf lgDg ultljlwx¿ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu :yfgLo :t/b]lv

/fli6«o :t/;Dd ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn /

hjfkmb]xL agfpFb} pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf a9fpg] p2]Zon]

lhNnf tyf s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ -n}+lËs

lx+;flj?4sf] ;dGjo ;ldlt, dfgj a]rlavg tyf

cf];f/k;f/lj?4sf] ;ldlt, ljleGg /fhg}lts bnsf

k|ltlglw, ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglw, ;ª\3÷;+:yfsf

k|ltlglwx¿, dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x¿;Fusf]

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df sfo{qmdx¿ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

k'?if cled'vLs/0f n}lËs lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgdf k'?ifx¿ tyf o'jfx¿

;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ of]

d'2fdf ;Dj]bgzLn / hjfkmb]xL aGg clek|]l/t ug]{

p2]Zon] ;d'bfo tyf lhNnf :t/df k'?if tyf o'jfx¿;Fu

!)& j6f ax; tyf cGt/ ;Djfb sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df @()& hgf o'jf tyf k'?ifx¿sf]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


Goflos tyf cw{Goflos lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof

lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] Goflos k|lqmofdf

kx'Fr a9fpg / kLl8tn] Gofo kfPsf] cg'e"lt ug]{

jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{sf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]

af/]df cfjZos 5nkmn u/L ;xof]uL ;+oGqnfO{

k|efjsf/L agfpg Goflos / cw{Goflos If]qsf

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, pbok'/, l;/xf,

wg'iff, bfË / s}nfnL lhNnfdf u/L hDdf & j6f cGt/

lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df @$^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmddf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 ;xof]u

kfPsf 36gfx¿df kLl8t tyf k|efljtn] Gofo kfPsf] /

;xh ¿kdf ;xof]u gkfPsf 36gfx¿df lx+;f k|efljt

dlxnfx¿n] Gofo kfpg g;s]sf] 36gfx¿df 5nkmn

ub}{ cfufdL lbgdf kLl8t÷k|efljtn] ;xh tl/sfn]

Gofo kfpg] jftfj/0f s;/L tof/ ug{ ;lsG5, k|x/L

sfof{nodf cfpg] x/]s 36gfx¿sf] btf{ k|lqmof /

cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{ c´ s;/L n}+lËs ;Dj]bgzLn

agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf ljz]ifu/L k|x/L, k|zf;g, ;/sf/L

jlsn, lhNnf af/ / sfg'gL ;]jf s]Gb| a9L ;Dj]bgzLn

eP/ sfd ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .

g]kfn k|x/Lsf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, dlxnf clwsf/ / lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt;Fu ug'{kg]{ Jojxf/sf] ;jfndf ! lbg] uf]i7L

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿;Fu ug'{kg]{ Jojxf/ / dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfndf ;Dj]bgzLn / hjfkmb]xL agfpg] ;fy} lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf] Gofodf

kx'Fr a9fpg k|x/Lsf] e"ldsf cem a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg / x/]s k|x/L sfof{nodf n}lËsd}qL jftfj/0f agfpg kxn ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL g]kfn k|x/Lsf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu df]/Ë, pbok'/, l;/xf, wg'iff, bfË / s}nfnLdf hDdf ( j6f ! lbg] uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] To;df @#$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf ljifos lhNnf :t/Lo uf]i7L

dlxnf clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd ug{] ;ª\3÷;:yfx¿, n}+lËs lx+;flj?4 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿aLr a9\bf] dlxnf lx+;fsf] 36gfx¿sf] cj:yf / o;sf] sf/0fsf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L lx+;f Go"gLs/0f / lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfn] Goflos pkrf/sf] nflu ;xh ¿kdf l/kf]l6{Ë ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ cufdL lbgdf s;/L sfd ug]{ eGg] af/]df ;a} ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr a[xt ¿kdf 5nkmn ug'{sf ;fy} PsLs[t ¿kdf of]hgf klg tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnf clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿n] lbg] ;]jfsf] dfkg u/L l/km/n ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoSt u/]sf lyP . sf7df08f}+, nlntk'/, sfe|], df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, pbok'/, bfË, s}nfnL nufotsf @# lhNnfdf of] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df *%! hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] Gofosf] nflu Goflos cw{Goflos lgsfosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof

dlxnf lx+;flj?4df k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ¿kdf sfd ug]{ ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3÷;+:yfsfaLrdf Ps lbg] cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd l;/xfsf] nxfgdf


@)&)÷!÷$ ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf @)^( j}zfvb]lv r}q @)^( ;Dddf cf]/]sn] clen]vg u/]sf dlxnflx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cf]/]sn] l;/xf lhNnfsf] dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf ́ Nsfpg] cfwf/kq k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf 36]sf jf l/kf]l6{Ë ePsf hDdf !*( j6f 36gf clen]vg ul/Psf] lyof] . tL 36gfdf kLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] Gofodf kxF'rsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ hDdf !) hgf dlxnfsf 36gf klg Goflos lgsfo;Dd k'Ug g;s]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] lyof] . l;/xf lhNnfdf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uO{/x]sf] / kLl8tsf] Gofodf kx'Fr gePsf] l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ub}{ kLl8tsf] Gofodflysf] kx'Fr a9fpg ;/f]sf/jfnf ;Dj]bgzLn / lhDd]jf/ x'gkg]{ s'/fnfO{ dgg ub}{ lhNnfdf lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnfx¿sf] Gofodf kx'Fr a9fpg ;xof]usf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no l;/xfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf & ;b:oLo -Quick Response Team_ u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . of] l6dn] cfufdL lbgdf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg t'?Gt ;xhLs/0f / kxn ug]{, 36gfsf] ;To tYo kQf nufpg cg'udg ug]{ k|lta4tf l6dsf ;+of]hs dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf clws[t ;f}of{ ;fxn] AoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|ToIf tyf ck|TIf ¿kdf dlxnflx+;flj?4 sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] o; ljifonfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnO{ ;a}sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df dlxnfsf] Gofodflysf] kxF'r a9fpg sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf n}+lËs lx+;flj?4sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, kqsf/, clwsf/sdL{x¿ u/L ^) hgf eGbf a9Lsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

o;}u/L wg'iff, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L / bfË lhNnfdf klg o; ljifodf cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] To;df !&@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

Dflxnf lx+;f Go"gLs/0fdf /fhgLlts bnsf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof

/fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] a9\b} uPsf] b08xLgtfn] lx+;f

ug]{x¿nfO{;d]t an k'¥ofPsf] 5 . kLl8t cem kLl8t

aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ ablnb} 5g\ .

To;}n] of] ;d:ofnfO{ c´ yk hl6n aGg glbg,

ck/fw ug]{x¿nfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L lx+;f kLl8t k|efljt

dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;Ddflgt hLjg lhpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{

;dodf g} /fhgLlts bnx¿ ;Dj]bgzLn / lhDd]jf/ x'g

kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . oxL ;jfndf s]lGb|t eO{ /fhgLlts

bnx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg ljleGg lhNnf

tyf s]Gb|df /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu

Ps lbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd -!(_ j6f ;DkGg ul/Psf]

lyof] To;df ^*$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

dlxnf lx+;f / kqsf/x¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} / ablnb} uO/x]sf]

kl/jlt{t cj:yfdf ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] klg 36gfnfO{

k|fyldstfdf /fvL l/kf]l6{Ë ug]{ sfo{ klg a9\b} uPsf]

5 . l/kf]6{ ug]{ qmddf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff /

Gofosf] nflu w]/} g} ;Dj]bgzLn x'g cfjZos 5 .

t/ slxn]sfxL ;~rf/ dfWodn] lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ;To

tYo g} kQf gnufO{ ;dfrf/sf] ¿kdf dfq k|sfzg /

k|;f/0f ul/lb+bf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnf c´ a9L lx+;fdf

kg'{kg]{ l:ylt cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f kLl8tsf]

uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ kLl8tsf] Gofosf]

nflu ;jfnsf] p7fg ug{ ljZn]if0ffTds ;dfrf/,

n]v, /rgfx¿dfkm{t ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn /

hjfkmb]xL agfpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ k}/jL ug]{

p2]Zon] ;~rf/sdL{x¿;Fu s]Gb| tyf lhNnfx¿df !*

j6f cGt/lqmof ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

of}ghGo lx;f+;DaGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn sfo{qmd

a9\b} uPsf] of}ghGo lx;f+, o;sf] sf/0f / xfn ePsf]

sfg'gL Joj:yf;DaGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr 5nkmn u/L gofF


sfg'g agfpg bjfj k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] @)&) ;fn h]7

# ut] s}nfnL lhNnfsf] wgu9Ldf 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf]

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L anfTsf/sf] 36gfdf

dlxnfn] Gofo gkfO{ /x]sf] / kL8snfO{ s8f sfg'gL

;hfo gePsf sf/0f ;dfhdf x/]s lbg 36gfx¿ a9\b}

uPsf 5g\ . cf]/]sn] clen]vg u/]sf 36gfnfO{ ljZn]if0f

ubf{ @%^ j6f anfTsf/sf 36gf l/kf]l6{Ë ePsf 5g\

eg] !)& j6f of}g lx+;fsf 36gf /x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f

lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf] Gofodf kxF'r a9fpg / dlxnfn]

;xh tl/sfn] Gofo kfpg gofF sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f x'g

cfjZos 5 eGg] ;jfndf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}

anfTsf/;DaGwL gofF sfg'g lgdf{0f x'gkg]{ / o:tf ljz]if

k|s[ltsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] x/]s lbg ;'g'jfO{ x'g'kg]{df

hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf

ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, ;z:q k|x/L

sfof{no, lhNnf af/ Pzf]l;o;g, ;/sf/L jlsn

sfof{no, zflGt ;ldlt, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

tyf ljleGg u};;sf k|ltlglwx¿, clwjQmf, kqsf/x¿,

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ u/L $# hgfsf] pkl:ylt

/x]sf] lyof] .

3/]n' lx+;f ljifos dfgj clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ;+oGq -8f]ef_ sf] cg';Gwfg

cf]/]s g]kfnn] cfˆgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} dlxnf lx+;fsf] cGTo tyf dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu sfo{/t ;+:yf xf] . o;n] dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu sfg'gx¿sf] ;xL ¿kdf sfof{Gjog tyf ;do ;fk]If sfg'g tyf gLltx¿sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljleGg :t/df

k}/jL ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cf]/]ssf] ljleGg cg';Gwfgn] dlxnf lx+;f ;a}eGbf a9L cfˆg} 3/leq / kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿af6 x'g] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf]n] cf]/]s g]kfnn] 3/]n' lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/df kf/]sf] k|efj tyf /fHosf] bfloTjsf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug{ nfluPsf] 5 . o; cg';GwfgnfO{ 3/]n' lx+;f ljifos dfgj clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ;+oGq -8f]ef_ sf] k|of]u u/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] 8f]ef ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf cf]/]s g]kfn nufot o'/f]k, Nofl6g cd]l/sf, clkm|sfsf ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+o'St k|of;df Pd km/ x\o'dg /fO{6\; gfds g]b/Nof08sf] ;+:yfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] .

o; cg';Gwfgdf dfgj clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ;+oGqsf] k|of]u u/L cf]/]s g]kfn tyf cGo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿ qmdzM d'lSt g]kfn, n'd g]kfn, ;xofqL ;dfh g]kfn, dlxnfsf] lglDt dlxnf d~r, dlxnf Pstf ;dfh tyf g]kfn ckfË dlxnf ;ª\3sf] ;+o'St k|of;df 3/]n' lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/df kf/]sf] k|efj tyf o;df /fHosf] bfloTjx¿sf]] tYout k|df0fsf cfwf/df ljZn]z0f ub}{ tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k}/jL ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

k':ts cgfj/0f sfo{qmd g]kfndf klxnf] k6s 3/]n' lx+;fdf dfgj clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ;+oGq -8f]ef_ sf] k|of]u u/L cg';Gwfg ul/g] ePsf] x'bf o; ;+oGqsf] cg';Gwfg k':tssf] cgfj/0f sfo{qmd @)&) h]7 @) ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .


sfo{qmddf c:6«]lnog PDa];Lsf dxfdlxd Un]g x\jfO{6n] k':tssf]] cgfj/0f ub}{ 3/]n' lx+;f Ps cGt/f{li6«o d'2fsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] / ;do ;fk]If ¿kdf of] s'g} /fi6«df sd / st} a9L /x]sf] ljifodf k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, kqsf/, clwsf/sdL{ nufot ̂ ) hgfeGbf a9Lsf] sfo{qmddf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

$= clen]vLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg

tYodf cfwfl/t k}/jLsf] nflu Jojl:yt ;"rgf

k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; -clen]vLs/0f, cg';Gwfg, k|sfzg_

ub}{ nfg] cf]/]ssf] sfo{gLlt cg'¿k dlxnf clwsf/

xgg\sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;a}sf] cufl8 h:tfsf] t:t} /fv]/

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn / hjfkmb]xL agfpg,

gLlt lgdf{0f, kl/dfh{g tyf k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu

cf]/]s g]kfnn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} clen]vgnfO{

k|fyldstf lbO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;}

l;nl;nfdf ;do / cfjZostf cg';f/ clen]vgnfO{

Jojl:yt / kl/dflh{t ub}{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 .

clen]vgstf{ tof/

dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;f tyf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/

/Ifsx¿dfly ePsf lx+;fsf] clen]vg tyf ;ª\sngsf

nflu cf]/]s / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o

;~hfnsf] ;xsfo{df &% lhNnfdf clen]vgstf{x¿

tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . clen]vgstf{x¿;Fu ;dLIff a}7s,

lg/Gt/ kmnf]ck ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

clen]vgstf{x¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 dlxnfjfbL b[li6sf]0faf6, JolQmsf] uf]kgLotfnfO{ ;Dj]bgzLntfsf ;fy lnO{ 36gfnfO{ clen]vg ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;Lk tyf Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ sfd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf o; jif{ cf]/]sn] la/f6gu/, sfe|] / bfËdf u/L kfFrj6} ljsf; If]qsf &! hgf clen]vgstf{x¿nfO{ @ lbg] k'gM tfhuL tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L cf]/]sn] k|ToIf ¿kdf sfd ug]{ lhNnfx¿df dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿sf ;b:ox¿ / o'jfx¿sf] klg 36gf clen]vg;DaGwL Ifdtf tyf ;Lk ljsf; ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf clen]vg tyf ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg

dfl;s k|ltj]bg M cf]/]sdf clen]vg ul/Psf 36gf tyf ldl8of cg'udgsf] cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ lgsflng] dfl;s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ o; jif{df !&(@ j6f 36gf l/kf]l6{Ë ePsf] b]lvG5 . h;df ;aeGbf a9L 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gf *&& 5g\ . anfTsf/sf #@% j6f 5g\ eg] xTofsf 36gf !^^ l/kf]l6{Ë ePsf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg tof/

cf]/]sn] clen]vg u/]sf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf / /fli6«o kq klqsfdf cfPsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L x/]s # dlxgfdf ;DalGwt lhNnf jf b]ze/ g} dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5, s:tf k|s[ltsf 36gf 36], ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] s:tf] e"ldsf /x\of] / kLl8t k|efljtsf] ;'/Iff / Gofosf] nflu s] ug{ cfjZos 5 / kLl8tsf] Gofosf] nflu ;a}nfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] p2]Zon] k|ltj]bg ;]ol/Ë / 5nkmn ug{] ul/Psf] 5 .

36gf clen]vg M ljut @)!@ h'nfO{b]lv @)!# h'g;Dddf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf !&)# j6f 36gf / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf !! j6f 36gfx¿sf] clen]vg ul/Psf] 5 .

lrq ! M cf]/]s g]kfnåf/f k|sflzt dfl;s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿


s]; o'lg6 ;'b[9Ls/0f, 36gfsf] cg'udg, kmnf]ck /

cfjZos ;xof]u / cfjZostf cg';f/ cGh{]G6 clkn,

k]|; lj1KtL, Wofgfsif{0f kq a'´fpg] sfd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf

eO/x]sf] 5 .

%= gLlt lgdf{0f tyf k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu k}/jL

;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] %& cf}+ sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf cd]l/sf l:ylt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] d'Vofno Go"of]s{df $

b]lv !% dfr{, @)!# ;Dd ;DkGg ePsf] Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) sf] %& cf}+ ;];gdf

cf]]/]s g]kfnaf6 ;+:yfks cWoIf 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/L

/ ;lrj ljgf kf]v/]nn] ;xeflutf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

ljleGg d'n'saf6 ;xefuL ePsf dlxnf jf ;+:yfn]

;~rfng u/]sf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿df dlxnf lx+;fsf

ljifodf ljleGg d'2fx¿ p7]sf lyP . dlxnfdfly x'g]

lx+;fsf ;d:ofsf jt{dfg r'gf}tLx¿, :j¿kx¿ tyf

To;sf] ;dfwgsf laifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .

CSW sf] %& cf}+ ;];g "Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls" df

s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] .

& dfr{ @)!# df CSW ;Fu} cf]/]s g]kfn, /fO6;\ km/

r]Gh, Masimanyane n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf Making our Domestic Violence laws work in practice sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . sl/a ̂ ) hgf ;xefuLx¿

/x]sf] pQm sfo{zfnfdf 8f]ef (DOVA) pks/0f tyf

3/]n' lx+;fsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs sfplG;n

(ECOSOC) cGtu{tsf] CSW nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf

dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ O{sfOsf]

¿kdf lnOG5 . x/]s jif{ ;b:o /fi6«sf k|ltlglwx¿n] n}lËs

;dfgtfdf eO/x]sf] k|ultsf] ;ldIff, r'gf}tL klxrfg,

ljZjJofkL dfGotf :yfkgfsf nflu kxn, ljZjJofkL

¿kdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] k|aw{g / dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0f

ug{sf nflu of] sfo{qmddf efu lng] ub{5g\ .

dlxnflx+;f tyf Gofodf kx'Fr ljifos Ps lbg] cGt/lqmof

cf]/]s g]kfn / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no l;/xfsf]

;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)&) Ho]i7 !$ ut]sf lbg

l;/xfdf dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] lhNnf :t/Lo ;dGjo

;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sfaLrdf

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|d'v

lhNnf clwsf/L, ;z:q k|x/L pkl/Ifs O{Gb|/fh sfsL{,

g]kfn k|x/Lsf l8 P; kL /d]z s'df/ tfdfË, lhNnf

GofolwjQmf uf]kL rGb| e6/fO{ nufot ljleGg /fhg}lts

bnsf k|ltlglw, clwsf/sdL{, kqsf/x¿ u/L %% hgf

eGbf a9Lsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

l;/xf lhNnfdf dlxnflx+;fsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ljifodf

5nkmn ub}{ lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] lhNnf ;dGjo

;ldlt;Fu ;xh tl/sfn] kx'Fr a9fpg] / lhNnf

;ldltnfO{ lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg k}/jL ug]{


p2]Zon] cfof]lht o; sfo{qmddf !# hgf lx+;f kLl8t

dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] ;d:of /fv]sf lyP . !# hgfdWo] !!

hgf dlxnfx¿n] bfO{hf]sf] sf/0f lx+;fdf k/]sf] atfPsf

lyP .

lx+;faf6 k|efljt dlxnfx¿ e/v{/ cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy

aflx/ cfP/ l/kf]l6{Ë ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f aGb} uPsf] t/

;DalGwt lgsfodf hfFbf cfjZos ;xof]u gkfP/ ´g\

b'Mv kfpg' kbf{ Gofo kfpg'sf] ;f6f] c´ a9L lx+;fdf

k/]sf] cg'e"lt ePsf] s'/f JoQm u/]sf lyP .

sfo{qmddf /fhg}lts bnsf JolQmx¿n] klg bjfj lbO{

ldnfkq ug{ afWo kfg]{ u/]sf] / kL8s kIfsf] arfpsf]

nflu kLl8tnfO{ g} pN6f] ldNg / l/kf]6{ gug{ bjfj

lbg] ePsf sf/0fn] kL8sn] pGd'lQm kfO{ lx+;f ug{

pS;fPsf]n] s'/f ljleGg gful/s ;dfhsf JoflQmx¿n]

JoQm u/]sf lyP . /fhg}lts bnx¿n] t/fO{ ;d'bfodf

bfO{hf]sf] sf/0fn] dlxnflx+;fsf 36gfx¿df j[l4 ePsf]

sf/0fn] cfufdL lbgdf bfO{hf] k|yfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{sf

nflu ;a}n] ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf ;fdflhs e"ldsf lgjf{x

ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . g]kfn k|x/Lsf l8 P; kLn]

dlxnfx¿sf] Gofosf] nflu cfufdL lbgdf c´ a9L

;Dj]bgzLn eP/ sfd ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/]sf lyP .

k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] dlxnfx¿n] d'2f aflx/ NofPs}

sf/0f pgLx¿dfly ;dfhdf wDsL lbg] JolQmx¿sf]

klxrfg u/L sf/jfxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] / lx+;f

kLl8tsf] Gofosf] nflu ;ldlt / k|zf;gn] sfd ug]{

k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP . ;fy} l;/xfdf bx]hsf sf/0f

dlxnfx¿dfly w]/} lx+;f eO/x]sfn] bx]hlj¿¢ klg sd

ug'{kg]{df ;a}sf] ;'´fj /x]sf] lyof] .

……dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu PsLs[t pkfo Gofo tyf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf M kLl8tb]lv kl/jt{gsf ;Djfxs;DdÚÚ ljifos dlxnf lx+;flj?4 /fli6«o ;Dd]ng

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4 tyf dlxnf clwsf/nfO{

k|fyldstfdf /fVg g]kfn ;/sf/n]] sfg'g, gLlt, lgod

tyf ljljw sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 dlxnf lx+;flj?4

/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo ;xof]uL ;+oGq / ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f

tyf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu pNn]vgLo cEof; u/] klg lx+;f

kLl8tx¿sf clwsf/nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ / kLl8td'vL Gofo

k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;sf/0f klg

dlxnfsf] Gofo dflysf] kx'Fr Go"g /x]sf] 5 .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ;Djf]wgsf nflu /fHo /

gful/ssf] ;xeflutfsf] cfjZostfsf ;fy} ;Dk"0f{

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg cfjZos

5 . jt{dfg ultljlwsf] nflu ;+:yfut txaf6

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr 5nkmn x'g'kg]{ tyf cg'ejx¿

cfbfgk|bfg u/L Psh'6sf] k|of; ug'{{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{

dxz'; u/L k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqL kl/ifb\sf] sfof{no,

/fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u, cf]/]s / dlxnf dfgjclwsf/

/Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf

@)^( kf}if @@–@# ut] x]6f}+8fdf ædlxnf clwsf/sf]

;'lglZrttfsf nflu PsLs[t pkfo Gofo tyf clwsf/sf]

;'lglZrttf M kLl8tb]lv kl/jt{gsf ;Djfxs;DdÆ

ljifos dlxnf lx+;flj?4 /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] .

dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] jt{dfg cj:yfk|lt hfgsf/L


u/fpFb} kl/jt{gsf ;Djfxsx¿sf] cg'ej ;f6f;f6 /

clen]lvs[t ug'{, k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] lglDt /fHosf

tkm{af6 ;+:yfut ¿kdf ePsf k|of;x¿ -gLlt lgodsf]_

d'Nofª\sg ug'{, gful/s ;dfh, dlxnf clws/sdL{x¿

tyf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿aLrsf] ;dGojdf b]lvPsf] vf8nsf]

d'Nofª\sg u/L, dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf clwsf/sf

If]qdf lqmofzLn ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLrsf] sfd u/fO{df

Ps¿ktfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]

;f] ;Dd]ngdf ljleGg ;jfndf * j6f Kofgn 5nkmn

ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf b]zsf &% lhNnfaf6 @@%

hgfeGbf a9L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

o; ;Dd]ngn] ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sx¿sf l;sfO{sf]

cfbfgk|bfg ub}{ dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf cleofgstf{x¿aLr

Pstf Nofpg] hdsf]{ u/]sf] lyof] . dlxnflj?4 lx+;fsf]

;dLIff / dlxnf clwsf/sf] lglDt ePsf k|of;x¿,

pknlAw tyf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;dLIff / efjL lbgsf

nflu ul/g'kg]{ k|of;x¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L ;/sf/L

lgsfo, ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf lglDt ;fGble{s pkfox¿

l;kmfl/; ug'{sf ;fy} gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ;+:yfut

;'wf/dfkm{t dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf cleofgstf{x¿sf]

cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/ / Gofosf] ;'lglZrttfsf lglDt

cfjfh p7fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf]

;Dk"0f{ pknlAwx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ dlxnf lx+;f lj/f]wL

36gfx¿df tbf¿stfsf ;fy sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpgsf]

nflu ;/sf/L nufot l;+uf] gful/s ;dfh g} cu|;/

x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfNb} !( a'Fb] 3f]if0ffkq

hf/L u/]sf] lyof] .

National Consultation on Women's Right in Nepal: Rhetoric and Reality"Challenges to Human Rights, Peace and Democracy and Development"

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] cGt/f{li6«o dfgj

clwsf/sf ;+oGqx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfO{ cfˆgf]

clwsf/sf] bfjL / pkef]u ug{ d2t ldNng]5, dlxnf

lx+;f / dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf, g]kfnsf]

sfg'g / o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] af/]df k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;ª\3sf ljz]if k|ltj]bs;Fu 5nkmn u/L ef]lnsf]

lbgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f /

;+j4{gdf Wofg lbgsf] nflu ljz]if k|ltj]bsaf6 l;kmfl/;

x'g]5 eGg] dfGotfn] of] sfo{qmd cGt/f{li6«o ljZj

zflGt lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnf

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs, dfgj clwsf/sdL{ nufot ;a}

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ u/L !)) hgfeGbf a9Lsf] pkl:yltdf

;DkGg o; sfo{qmddf dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ /

lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt dlxnfx¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+o'Qm


/fi6«;ª\3sf ljz]if k|ltj]bs;Fu cfˆgf ;d:ofx¿sf]

af/]df 5nkmn u/]sf lyP . of] sfo{qmddf p7]sf

;jfnnfO{ lnP/ ljz]if k|ltj]bsn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf k|d'v

tyf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu Wofg

lbg'kg]{ If]qsf] af/]df 5nkmn klg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

……kmf:6 6«fs sf]6{ÚÚ sf] cfjZostf, ;DefJotf / r'gf}tLx¿ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L / gful/s;dfhaf6 dlxnf lx+:ff

cGTo x'g}k5{ egL lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k}/jL ul//x]sf 5g\ t/

klg g t dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f 36]sf] 5 gt dlxnfsf]

Gofodf kx'Fr g} a9]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf w]/} sf/0fx¿

eP klg b]zdf ljBdfg lje]bsf/L Pjd\ lkmtnf] sfg'g,

sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cefj / ́ geml6nf]

k|lqmofn] ubf{ kLl8t ´g\ kLl8t / kL8sn] pGd'lQm

kfpg] jftfj/0f aGb} uPsf] 5 .

dlxnfn] ;fx; u/]/ cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;fsflj?4df

af]n]/ Gofo kfpg w]/} ;do nfUb5 . anfTsf/, a]rljvg,

cf];f/k;f/ h:tf d'2fx¿ lsgf/f nfUg aiff}{+ nfUg] u/]sf]

5 . o; l:yltdf d'2f aflx/ NofPs} sf/0f dlxnfn] yk

kL8f vKg' kb{5 . h;sf] sf/0f w]/} dlxnfx¿n] d'2f aLrd}

5f8\g], aofg km]g]{ sfdx¿;d]t ug{ afWo x'g' k/]sf] oyfy{

xfd|f] ;fd' 5 . t;y{ dlxnf lx+;f cGTo ug{ / kLl8tn]

;/n / rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] Gofo kfpg …kmfi6 6«fs sf]6{Ú

sf] Joj:yf x'g cfjZos eGg] ;jfnnfO{ lbP/ cf]/]sn]

@)^^ b]lv g} k}/jL ub}{ cfO/xsf] 5 . o;} qmddf @)^(

;fn kmfu'g !* ut] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr 5nkmn

u/L o;sf] cj;/, ;DefJotf clg u7gsf nflu ljBdfg

;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿ af/] hfgsf/L lng], lbg] clek|fon]

dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfn, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u

/ cf]/]s g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh

sNof0f dGqfnosf k|ltlglw, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf

cWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿, sfg'g dGqfnosf k|ltlglw, sfg'g

Joj;foLx¿, kqsf/, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿

tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ u/L

%& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf

o;sf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g] eGg] af/]df Pp6f ;ldlt u7g

u/L To;n] cjwf/0ff tof/ ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof]

h; cg';f/ g]kfn af/ P;f]lzP;gsf dxf;lrjsf]

;+of]hsTjdf ;ldlt u7g eO{ @ r/0fdf 5nkmn ePsf]

5 .

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;flj?4 sfo{ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^& ;DaGwL @ lbg] /fli6«o uf]i7L

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;flj?4sf sfo{qmdx¿df

;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f

u/L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{, n}lËs lx+;faf6

kLl8t÷k|efljtsf] cfjZos uf]kgLotf sfod u/L

cfjZos :jf:Yo pkrf/, dgf]ljdz{, sfg'gL ;Nnfx

/ ;'/Iff tyf ;xfotf;d]tsf If]qdf ;xof]u tyf

;xhLs/0f u/L pgLx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt x'g]

jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{ tyf o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L

tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaLr ;dGjo / ;xof]uaf6 n}lËs

lx+;flj?4sf sfo{qmdx¿ dfgj clwsf/sf] dfGotf tyf

kLl8td'vL cjwf/0ffdf s]lGb|t u/L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf

sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu n}+lËs lx+;flj?4 sfo{ ;~rfng

sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;/sf/n] nfu";d]t ul/;s]sf] cj:yf

5 . of] sfo{ ;~rfng sfo{ljlwnfO{ :yfgLo :t/b]lv

/fli6«o :t/;Dd sfof{Gjogdf gNoffP;Dd ;f]r]sf] h:tf]

pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;lsg] x'bfF ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{

;Dj]bgzLn / pQ/bfoL agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/ k|wfg

dGqL tyf dGqL kl/ifbsf] sfof{no, cf]/]s g]kfn / o"

Pg Pkm lkPsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf @ lbg] sfo{zfnf

uf]i7L sf7df08f}df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf

!* lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, dlxnf afnaflnsf

tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf k|ltlglw, u[x dGqfnosf


k|ltlglw, :jf:Yo dGqfnosf k|ltlglw, dlxnf clwsf/

tyf dfgjclwsf/sf] If]qsf lqmofzLn u}=;=;x¿sf

k|ltlglwx¿ u/L $@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . of]

sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿n] ;a} lhNnfdf g} o;

ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu lhNnf :t/df 5nkmn ug]{

of]hgf agfP cg';f/ !* lhNnfdf g} 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ljz]if u/L anfTsf/sf 36gf / lrlsT;sLo sfg'gL kl/If0f xfnsf] cj:yf ;DaGwL @ lbg] /fli6«o sfo{zfnf

dlxndfly x'g] anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿df w]/} lx+;f kLl8t

dlxnfx¿n] k|df0f h'6fpg g;s]s} sf/0f pgLx¿n]

Gofo gkfPsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . x'gt g]kfnsf] sfg'gn]

anfTsf/sf 36gfdf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo / kL8snfO{ b08

;hfo ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf u/]sf] ePtfklg anfTsf/sf]

36gfdf ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ kLl8tn] Gofo kfpg

g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . jt{dfg sfg'gL Joj:yf cg';f/

anfTsf/sf] 36gf xf] jf xf]Og eg]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|d'v

lhDd]jf/L :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . k|df0f nf]k

x'g glbgsf] nflu @$ 306fleq :jf:Yo hfFr ug'kg]{

Joj:yf, ;a} lhNnfx¿df ;j{;'ne ¿kdf ;]jf pknAw

gx'Fbf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfn] ;dodf g} :jf:Yo hfFr

u/fpg g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . csf]{ k'?if 8fS6/ ePs} sf/0f

pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} s'/f dlxnfx¿n] eGg ;Sb}g . ;fy}

g]kfndf :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ Medico-legal sf] af/]df

k|lzIf0f klg sd 5 . oL ;a} sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ dlxnfx¿n]

Gofo gkfPsf] cj:yf 5 .

o;} l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} cf]/]s g]kfn, g]kfn d]l8sn

P;f];Lo;g s]lGb|o sfof{no / o" Pg Pkm lkPsf] ;+o'Qm

cfof]hgfdf sf7df08f}df ædlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ljz]if

u/L anfTsf/sf 36gf / Medico-legal examination xfnsf] cj:yfÆ ljifos @ lbg] /fli6«o sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !$ j6f

lhNnfsf -d]l8sn P;f];Lo;sf] zfvf sfof{no ePsf_

lhNnf c:ktfndf sfo{/t 8fS6/x¿, sf7df08f}sf

;/sf/L c:ktfnx¿df sfo{/t 8fS6/x¿ u/L hDdf

%^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf Medico-legal examination sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg

cfjZos s'/fx¿df 5nkmn u/L cfPsf] lgisif{ tyf

;'´fjx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo

tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf ;lrjHo"nfO{ x:tfGt/0f

ul/Psf] lyof] .

wgf{

“ca clt ef]” dlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/, bf]ifLdfly s8f

eGbf s8f sf/jfxL / ca km]l/ o:tf 36gf g36\g] vfnsf]

jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/ eGg] gf/f;lxt ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f

u/fO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] p2]Zon] @)^( k'if !@ ut]

dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;+of]hgdf gful/s ;dfhn]

l;+xb/af/sf] blIf0f u]6df b]zdf dlxnf lx+;f r/d

¿kdf k'u]sf] eGb} wgf{ lbPsf lyP . pQm sfo{qmddf !)

a'Fb]dfu;lxtsf] Wofgfsif{0fkq dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x¿n]


k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'´fPsf lyP . ;f] bjfj sfo{qmdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lb+b} b]ze/ dlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/, kLl8tnfO{

Gofo b]p eGg] dfu;lxt of] cleofgnfO{ cufl8 a9fOPsf]

lyof] . sf7df08f}+df :jtGq gful/sx¿åf/f ;~rflnt

cs'kfO{ afn'jf6f/ cleofg # dlxgf;Dd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf

cufl8 a9]sf] lyof] .

o;}u/L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lg/Gt/ ¿kdf a9\bf] / o;k|lt

;/sf/sf] z'Go hjfkmb]xLtf /x]sf sf/0f dlxnf lx+;f

cGTosf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg

clwsf/sdL{, gful/s ;dfh / cleoGtfx¿af6 dlxnf

lx+;fdf t'?Gt} Gofosf nflu kxn ug{ cljnDa Fast Track Court sf] Joj:yf u/L Gofo ;Dkfbg k|lqmofsf] t'?Gt

yfngL u/L clxn];Dd 36]sf 36gfx¿sf] ^ dlxgfleqdf

km};nf x'gkg]{, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f cg';Gwfg, sf/jfxLsf]

l;kmfl/; tyf sfg'g sfof{Gjog eP÷gePsf] cg'udg

ug{ dlxnf clwsf/sdL{;lxt cljnDa s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo

:t/;Dd ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/g'kg]{, lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt

dlxnfx¿sf] nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, ;'/Iffjf;, lgz'Ns

sfg'gL ;xof]u, kL8s w/f}6Ldf l/xf x'g] Joj:yfsf]

vf/]hL, uf]kgLotfsf] ;+/If0f, ;fIfL ;'/Iffsf] sfof{Gjog

ug]{ gLltsf] Joj:yf x'gkg]{, anfTsf/;DaGwL /x]sf] xfnsf]

sfg'g t'?Gt vf/]h u/L gofF sfg'gsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ /

n}lËs lx+;fsf] s;'/df s'g} klg kmf}hbf/L d'2f cleof]udf

;+nUg 7xl/Psf JolQm / lx+;f ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;+/If0f

lbg] /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/

x'g gkfpg] Joj:yf lgjf{rg;DaGwL cWofb]zdf Joj:yf

ug'{kg]{ dfu /fvL sf7df08f}+ / cGo lhNnfdf @)&)

a}zfv !^ utb]lv -x/]s xKtfsf] ;f]djf/ !@ ah]b]lv

! ah];Dd_ nuftf/ $ dlxgf;Dd wgf{ lbPsf lyP .

wgf{;Fu} cleoGtfx¿n] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t

k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifbsf cWoIf / /fhgLlts

kfl6{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ Wofgfsif{0f kq;d]t a'´fPsf lyP .

;fy} lhNnfdf klg dlxnf cleoGtfx¿n] k|d'v lhNnf

clwsf/L / /fhlglts kfl6{x¿nfO{ a'´fPsf lyP .


:jf:Yo pkrf/, #&( hgfnfO{ dgf]ljdz{ ug'{sf ;fy}

@$% hgfnfO{ sfg'gL ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{df

k9\gsf] nflu -JTA tyf CLA nufot_ ^ hgfnfO{

;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L kfl/jfl/s dgf]ljdz{ !&@,

kfl/jfl/s k'g{ldng @)# hgfnfO{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] !@)

hgfsf] kmnf]ck ul/Psf] 5 . &# j6f 36gf cGo ;+:yfdf

l/km/ ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnf x6nfO{g ;]jf

lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿nfO{ tTsfn ;xof]usf

nflu ;xh xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] cf]/]s g]kfnn] @$ 306]

dlxnf x6nfOg ;]jf ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ljleGg

:yfgaf6 k|efljt kLl8t dlxnfx¿n] cfjZos k/]df

tTsfn ;xof]usf] nflu kmf]g ug]{, k/fdz{ lng] u/]sf

5g\ . o; jif{df sf7df08f}+df #* hgf df]/Ë !*# hgf,

s}nfnLdf #$ hgf / bfËdf &) hgfn] u/L hDdf #@%

j6f s]; x6nfOgdf l/kf]l6{Ë ePsf] 5 . l/kf]l6{ª ePsf

s];df 3/]n' lx+;fsf s]; a9L /x]sf 5g\ .

lrq @M ;'/Iffjf;, sfg'gL ;xof]u tyf dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf

^= lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljtx¿sf] nflu ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; tyf cfjZos ;xof]u

dlxnfdfly x'g] ljleGg vfn] lx+;fx¿sf]lj?4df cfjfh

p7fpgsf] nflu xf];\ jf p7fO;s] kl5sf] cj:yfdf xf];\

kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿ cem a9L hf]lvd tyf

c;'/lIft cj:yfdf x'g] oyfy{tf xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfx 5 . of]

;dodf dlxnfnfO{ ;fdflhs dgf]ljdz{dfkm{t dfgl;s

;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;zQm agfpg] ;xof]uL

jftfj/0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{

dWogh/ u/L cf]/]s g]kfnn] @$ 306] x6nfOg ;]jf,

% ljsf; If]qnfO{ dWogh/ u/L & j6f ;'/Iffaf;

;~rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . ;'/Iffaf;df ;fdflhs

dgf]ljdz{, k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf/ / sfg'gL k/fdz{

tyf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;Lk /

Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu tflndx¿, hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu

Jofj;flos ;Lk ljsf; / cfly{s ;xof]u, aflnsfx¿sf]

nflu k9\g ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 .

;'/Iffjf;, sfg'gL ;xof]u tyf dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf o; jif{df #$# hgfnfO{ ;'/Iffjf;, !#@ hgfnfO{


:yfgLo :t/df ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf M lg/Gt/ ¿kdf 36]sf dlxnf lx+;fsf

36gfx¿n] ubf{ dlxnf lx+;fsf] r/d cj:yf, ;dfhdf

a9\bf] cfk/flws k|j[lQ / /fHon] dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff /

;xof]usf] nflu u|fdL0f :t/;Dd ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf]

ljsf; ug{ g;ls/x]sf] ;dodf dlxnfx¿ cfkm}+ ;zQm

¿kdf cufl8 cfP/ lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt dlxnfx¿nfO{

cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ sf]if :yfkgf, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t

;'/Iffjf; / l/km/n ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} sfd

ul//x]sf 5g\ .

lx+;f k|efljtx¿sf] ;~hfn lgdf{0f M l;/xf lhNnfdf lx+;f

kLl8t÷k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] Goflos k|lqmofdf kxF'r /

:yfgLo :t/df pgLx¿sf] nflu ;xof]uL ;+oGq s:tf] 5

eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ub}{ l;/xf lhNnfsf @) uflj;af6 #)

hgf lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] pkl:yltdf

cfˆgf] clwsf/sf nflu lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿ ;ª\ul7t

eP/ cufl8 hfg'kg]{df 5nkmn u/L z'l;nf rf}w/Lsf]

;+of]hsTjdf ( ;b:oLo ;f´f ;jfnsf nflu dlxnf

Pstf d~r, l;/xf u7g ePsf] 5 .

o;}u/L bfËdf lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] ;~hfn

klxnf g} u7g eO{ ;+:yfut ¿kdf sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf

5g\ eg] pbok'/, df]/Ë, ;'g;/Ldf ev{/ u7g ePsf

5g\ . cf]/]sn] ;~hfn u7g tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f / ;~hfnsf

;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf]

5 .

dlxnf lx+;flj?4 !^ lbg] cleofg M

;d'bfo :t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf dlxnf

lx+;flj?4 cfjfh p7fpg tyf dlxnf lx+;flj?4 …z"Go

;xgzLntfÚ sfod ug{sf] nflu dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] !^

lbg] cleofgn] Ps O§f yk ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . x/]s

jif{ dgfOg] of] cleofgn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df åGåsfn /

zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf;d]t dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf]

l:ylt / clxn]sf] b]zsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ s]lGb|t ub}{ dlxnf

lx+;f cGTo ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ clkn u/]sf] 5 .

æljZjzflGtsf] ;'?jft 3/af6 M ;}GojfbnfO{ r'gf}tL

lb+b} dlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/f}+Æ eGg] cGt/f{li6«o gf/fk|lt

P]Soj4tf hgfpFb} cf]/]s g]kfnn] @)!@ df “dlxnf lx+;f

cGTosf nflu b]zdf zflGt M b]zdf zflGtsf nflu ;+ljwfg,

;+ljwfgsf nflu /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg

xfd|f] ;xsfo{ ÛÛÚÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf

nflu jf~5gLo /fhgLlts k|ltj4tfsf lgldQ bjfj

l;h{gf ug]{, dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu cfd gful/sdf

;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{, jif{e/L dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf

36gfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] æcGj]ifLÆ k|ltj]bgdfkm{t

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;dIf lx+;fsf] cj:yf phfu/ ug]{ /

lx+;f cGTosf nflu ;/sf/, /fhgLlts kfl6{, gful/s

;dfh nufot ;anfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg], dlxnf dfgj


clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfsf af/]df ;a}nfO{

hfgsf/L u/fpFb} pgLx¿sf] klxrfg / ;'/Iffsf nflu

k}/jL ug]{ p2]Zo to u/L ljleGg ultljlwx¿ lhNnf / s]Gb|df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;DkGg ePsf d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿

* kqsf/ ;Dd]ng

* dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4 æ¥ofnL tyf sf]0f;efÆ

* ;"rgf ;fdu|L k|bz{gL

* dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] jflif{s k':ts, æcGj]ifLÆ sf] ljdf]rg / xfn;Dd dlxnf lx+;flj?4 ePsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|bz{gL

* dlxnf lx+;f / sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf ljifos cGt/lqmof

* zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ljifos cGt/lqmofÆ

* lszf]/Lx¿sf] of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/ M of}g lx+;fsf] k|efj, c;/x¿ tyf r'gf}tL ljifos /fli6«o ax; .

* dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw -l;8_ / dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIff -o"lkcf/_ sf] pknlAwsf] af/]df 5nkmn

* Uf|fdL0f dlxnf lbj;sf] cj;/df ;Ddflgt u|fdL0f dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd

* ;~rf/ dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd

* dlxnf zlxbx¿sf] tl:j/df bLk k|Hjng

* dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu /fhgLltsdL{ tyf ;~rf/sdL{ nufot ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu uf]i7L

* dlxnf dfjg clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu cfjZos ;+oGq ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ;j]{If0f tyf 5nkmn

* dlxnfjfbL Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd lnPsf ;xefuLx¿;Fu ;dLIff / cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg

* dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ 36gf clen]vLs/0f;DaGwL k'gtf{hfuL tflnd


* ab\lnbf] kl/l:yltdf dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cj:yf / ;'/Iff ;+oGq ljifos k/fdz{ uf]i7L

* cfktsflng cj:yfdf dfgjclwsf/sf] k|j4{g tyf ;+/If0f ljifos @ lbg] tflnd

cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;

cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; ljZjdf ePsf >lds

dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/sf] nflu ul/Psf 7"nf7"nf

cfGbf]ngx¿sf] ;Demgf / ;Ddfgdf yfngL ePsf]

xf] . !)# cf}+ cGt/fli6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -*_ dfr{

o; jif{ ædlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu dlxnfsf] sfdsf]

d"NofÍg / cfly{s clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfÆ eGg] cGt/

f{li6«o gf/fsf;fy g]kfndf ……s'/f xf]O{g sfd u/f}+ dlxnf

lx+;f cGTo u/f}+ ÚÚ eGg] gf/fsf;fy s]Gb| tyf lhNnfdf

tn lbOPsf ljljw sfo{qmdx¿ u/L dgfOPsf] lyof] .

* ¥ofnL, sf]0f;ef

* ;8s gf6s,

* cled'vLs/0f, cGt/lqmof, ax;

* tflnd, uf]i7L

* ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd

!)# cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] cj;/df pbok'/n] dlxnfx¿sf] sfdsf] d"NofÍg, cfly{s clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf / dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf] nflu pbok'/ 3f]if0ff kq hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf] nflu hf/L ul/Psf] pbok'/ 3f]if0ff kqdf $ j6f /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] x:tfIf/ u/L k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP .



-v_ !



ædlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cleofgÆ dlxnf clwsf/sdL{sf] ;fd"lxs cfjfh xf] . of] dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;ª\3if{ / k|ltj4tfsf] ;ª\ul7t sfo{tflnsf jf sfo{of]hgf klg xf] . of] ;ª\u7g geP/ zlQm xf], k|lqmof geP/ kl/0ffddf k'Ug] dfu{lrq xf] . of] cleofg cGTf/f{li6«o :t/df ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{ /fli6«o ¿kdf ;zQm ¿kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .

cleofgsf] cj:yf ædlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cleofgÆ dlxnfclwsf/ sdL{sf] ;fd"lxs cfjfhsf] ¿kdf /fli6«o :t/b]lv lhNnf uflj;:t/;Dd ;dGjo / ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f tof/ ub}{ /fli6«o:t/df / lhNNff:t/df /x]/ sfd ug]{ clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] ¿kdf /fli6«o ;~hfn, lhNnf ;~hfn lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . of] cleofgn] xfn &% lhNnfdf lhNnf:t/Lo ;~hfn, ljsf; If]qLo / /fli6«o ;~hfnsf] ;+/rgfx¿ tof/ u/L ;~hfnsf] ;:yfut ljsf; tyf

;b[9Ls/0f, ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4, dlxnf dfgj clwsf//Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iff / klxrfgsf] ;jfndf k}/jL ug]{ sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;'?sf jif{x¿df cf]/]sn] ;xhLs/0f u/]tf klg xfn cfP/ cf]/]s / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df of] cleofgnfO{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .

;~hfnsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0f dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfn / lhNnf

:t/Lo ;~hfnx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf

nflu lg/Gt/ ¿kdf a}7s a:g], 5nkmn ug]{ ul/Psf]

5 . ;~hfnn] of]hgf th'{df sfd ug]{ / k|ult ;dLIffsf]

sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;~hfnsf]

/0fg}lts of]hgf th'{dfsf] cfwf/df lhNnf ;~hfnx¿n]

klg /0fgLlt tof/ ul//x]sf] 5g\ . ;~hfnnfO{ c´

;+:yfut ug{ x/]s jif{df ;fwf/0f;ef ug]{ / # jif{df

gofF g]t[Tj rog ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .


dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{

dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf clwsf/sf] af/]df c´ a9L

hfgsf/L lng] lbg] p2]Zon] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g

tyf ;+oGqx¿sf] af/]df &$ lhNnfdf cled'vLs/0f

ul/Psf] 5 . cled'vLs/0fdf hDdf @@($ hgf dlxnf

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f o;}u/L lhNnfsf k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ k|x/L, jlsn / ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/ / dfgj clwsf/ / kLl8t k|efljt;Fu ug'{kg]{ Jojxf/sf] af/]df @) lhNnfdf cled'vLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df ^$) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGj a}7s ^% lhNnfx¿df dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] sfd ubf{ ´]Ng' k/]sf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿ / o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L ;xof]uL jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof dlxnf lx+;flj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o of]hgf, dfgj clwsf/sf] of]hgf nufot xfn eO/x]sf] sfg'g, gLlt lgodx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfnfO{ lnP/ dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] lhNnf tyf /fli6«o ;~hfnn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu of]hgf gLlt, lgodx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf] Gofosf] nflu ;a}

;Dj]bgzLn eP/ nfUg' kg]{df bjfa lbg] p2]Zon] @) lhNnfdf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] h;df ^@) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

g]t[Tjdf /x]sf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ n}lËs lae]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df 5nkmn

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] dxŒjk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ / of]ubfgsf] af/]df pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] clwsf/

/Ifs dlxnfx¿n] ub}{ cfPsf] sfdsf] ;/fxgf

ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u?g\ eGg] p2]Zon] dlxnf

dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ tyf

>Ldfgx¿;Fu of] sfo{qmd wgs'6f / cf]vn9'+ufdf ul/Psf]

lyof] . h;df *$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lhNnfdf dlxnf dfgclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cj:yf ;d:of / r'gf}tL laifos ! lbg] 5nkmn tyf ;dLIff sfo{qmd

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f /f]syfdsf] nflu ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sfd

ug]{ / dlxnf clwsf/sf] nflu sfo{/t dlxnf clwsf/

/Ifsx¿n] :yfgLo :t/df ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf] ljsf;sf]

nflu 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] @^ lhNnfdf dlxnf lx+;fsf

s]; p7fg ubf{ clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] v]Kg'k/]sf] r'gf}tLsf

af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;'/Iff

;+oGq ljsf;sf nflu k/fdz{ u/]sf lyP . ;d:of /

r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/] kZrft ;'/Iff ;+oGq alnof]

/ ;xof]uL jftfj/0f gePdf dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n]

dlxnf lx+;flj?4 sfd ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f klg gx'g]

ePsfn] pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff / lx+;flj?4sf] ;xsfo{df

P]Soj4tfsf nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;Dj]bgzLn

/xg'sf ;fy} k|ltj4 /xg] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf (!) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

o;} u/L lhNnf :t/af6 cfPsf] ;'´fj / lgisif{nfO{

s]lGb|o :t/df ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sfaLr 5nkmn u/L

dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf] ;+oGq lgdf{0fsf


nflu k}/jL ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf !*& hgfsf]


dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu :yfgLo :t/df dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] ckgfPsf pkfox¿ ljifos sfof{zfnf uf]i7L

dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f cGTo

/ cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿n]

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k}/jL ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] dlxnf

lx+;f cGTosf nflu :yfgLo :t/df g} ;xsfo{ / ;dGo

lj:tf/ u/L lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿nfO{

cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . of] sfo{nfO{

cem k|efjsf/L agfpg :yfgLo :t/df cEof; ul/Psf

;+oGqx¿sf] af/]df cg'ej cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ / s:tf

pkfox¿ cjnDag ubf{ dlxnf lx+;f cGTo x'g ;S5g\

eg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{], 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf] lgisif{sf]

cfwf/df ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf nflu /0fgLlt to ug{], dlxnf

lx+;flj?4 sfo{/t ;a} tx / tKsfdf /x]sf dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifs / dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿aLrsf] P]Soa4tf

;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ædlxnf lx+;f

cGTosf nflu :yfgLo :t/df dlxnf dfgj clwsf/

/Ifsx¿n] ckgfPsf pkfox¿Æ ljifos sfof{zfnf uf]i7L

gf]e]Da/ @^ / @& df sf7df08f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf]

lyof] . !@% hgf eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm

sfo{qmddf %) lhNnfx¿af6 dlxnf dfgj clwsf/

/Ifsx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

k|x/L k|d'vx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof a9\b} uPsf] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] /f]syfdsf / kLl8tsf] Gofosf] nflu k|x/Ln] pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljg ug{ k|efjsf/L / b|'t cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ ;fy} lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfx¿ k|x/L sfof{nodf hfFbf n}+lËs ;Dj]bgzLn Jojxf/ ul/g'kg]{ / 36gf btf{ x'g'kg]{ ;jfnx¿nfO{ lnP/ g]kfn k|x/Lsf k|x/L k|d'vx¿ /fh axfb'/ lai6, b'uf{ l;+x, s[i0f uf}td nufotsf clws[tx¿;Fu sf7df08f}+df cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu tflnd

dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{gsf nflu ag]sf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]hx¿sf ljifodf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ !) lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd

dlxnfdfgjclwsf/ clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ !) lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd @)^( r}q @! b]lv #) ut];Dd sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] kfTn]v]t uflj;df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof]. klZrdf~rn, dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf !$ lhNnfsf @# hgf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm tflnddf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsf cWoIf 8f=/]0f' /fhe08f/L, 8f= g]q ltlD;gf, clwjQmf OGb' t'nfw/, ;l/tf bxfn, /rgf >]i7, nIdL Gof}kfg] / ;'wf sfkm\n]n] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . tflndsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿n] cfkm"n] l;s]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ cf—cfˆgf] lhNnfdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zon] of]hgf tof/ u/]sf lyP .


dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ n}lËs lae]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL # tflnd

dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿df n}lËs lae]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / dflxnf clwsf/;DaGwL wf/0ffut :k:6tf u/fpg] p2]Zon] vf]6fË lhNnfdf lhNnf ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ n}lËs lae]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df #@ hgf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{lalw sfg'g;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f ÷ tflnd @ lbg]

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs lhNnf ;~hfnsf

;b:ox¿nfO{ dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿df sfg'gL k|lqmofdf

cufl8 a9\bf s;/L hfg' kb{5 / xfn dlxnfsf ;DaGwdf

ag]sf sfg'gx¿ s] s] 5g\ eGg] af/]df Jojxfl/s

hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] ef]hk'/, vf]6fË, t]x|y'd /

cf]vn9'+ufdf lhNnf af/;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df @

lbg] cled'vLs/0f tflnd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df

!$@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

36gf clen]lvs/0f;DaGwL % lbg] tflnd dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ tyf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf

36gfx¿nfO{ dlxnfd'vL b[li6sf]0faf6 laZn]if0f u/L

clen]vLs/0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ / clen]lvs/0f

ul/Psf 36gfx¿nfO{ Gofo k|flKt ug{ k}/jLsf] nflu

;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon]

)&) h]7 @& ut]b]lv #! ut];Dd dlxnf dfgjclwsf/

/Ifsx¿sf nflu dlxnfd'vL b[li6sf]0faf6 dfgj clwsf/

xgg\sf 36gf clen]vLs/0f laifos wf/0ffut :ki6tf

tflnd % lbg] bfËsf] ;fd'bflos tflnd s]Gb|df ;DkGg

ul/Psf] 5 . k"jf{~rn, klZrdf~rn / dWo klZdf~rn

lasf; If]qsf !) lhNnfsf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿

@$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] o; tflnddf cf]/]ssf

kfj{tL a:g]t, ?kf >]i7 / dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf If]qLo

;+of]u s[i0fd'/f/L v/]nn] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ 36gf clen]vLs/0f;DaGwL @ lbg] k'gtf{huL Tfflnd

36gf clen]vLs/0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf nflu tYodf cfwfl/t k}/jL ug{sf nflu cf]/]s g]kfnn] nfdf] ;dob]lv dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] 36gfx¿sf] clen]lvs/0f ub{} cfPsf] 5 . cf]/]s g]kfnn] ;d'bfodf lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ tyf ;d'bfodf lqmofzLn dlxnf tyf o'jfx¿nfO{ 36gf clen]vLs/0fsf] tflnd lbO{ a]nfa]nfdf k'gtf{huL tflnd klg ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . cf]/]s g]kfnn] xfn ;lqmo ¿kdf clen]vg u/L ;xof]u ug{] clen]vgstf{x¿nfO{ !^ lbg] cleofgsf] cj;/df @^–@& l8;]Da/, @)!@ df sf7df8f}+sf] ;fkm kmfNrfdf 36gf clen]vLs/0f k'gtf{huL tflnd ;DkGg u/]s]f 5 . clen]vLs/0f ubf{ cfO{kg{] ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L To;sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf] vf]hL ug{] / clen]vLs/0fsf nflu clen]vgstf{nfO{ yk 1fg tyf ;Lksf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] d'Vo p2]Zosf ;fy o; k'g/tf{huL tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

36gf clen]vLs/0f k'gtf{huL tflnddf ljz]ifu/L 36gf clen]vLs/0fsf pknAwLx¿, r'gf}tLx¿, cfjZos ;xof]ux¿ / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf af/]df, s]z p7fg ubf{ cfO{kg{] sfg'gL Jojwfgx¿ / ;'/Iffsf ;jfndf s]lGb|t /x]/ pQm tflnd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .


dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd

-v_ @


dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu tyf cfkm"lj?4

x'g] lx+;f cGTosf] nflu ;ª\ul7t tyf kl/rfng ug]{ /

;dfg p2]Zo ePsf :yfgLob]lv cGt/f{li6«o :t/;Ddsf

;+:yfx¿ tyf ;~hfnx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ /0fgLlt cg'?k

dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu cf]/]sn] dlxnf

lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg / cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts

clwsf/ cleofg cGtu{t ;~rfng ul/g] ultljlwx¿

dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / cfly{s ;zQmLs/0fsf]

nflu s]lGb|t ul/Psf 5g\ .

p2]Zox¿

;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿sf]] ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj ljsf; ub}{

;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o ;|f]tsf]

;+:yfut ¿kdf Joj:yfkg tyf k"0f{ kl/rfng ug{

Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

;~hfn la:tf/, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{ ;xhLs/0f

ug]{ .

dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu cf]/]s g]kfnn] dfly pNn]v

u/] h:t} ljleGg dfWodaf6 sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

;fy} ;d"x, ;ª\u7gx¿sf] lgdf{0f, ;'b[9Ls/0f / ;+:yfut

ljsf;sf nflu ;xhLs/0f / Ifdtf clea[l4sf] If]qdf

sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . xfn cf]/]sn] tn pNn]lvt ;d"x

tyf ;~hfnx¿;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df dlxnf

lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 .

cf]/]sn] ;d'bfo :t/b]lv g} ;fd"lxs dlxnf g]t[Tj

ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf]

Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

cf]/]sn] ljleGg ;~hfn / ;d"xdf cfj4 em08}+ @)!%)

eGbf a9L dlxnf / lszf]/Lx¿;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df

:yfgLo :t/b]lv s]Gb|;Dd ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿,

dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf

dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g / k|j4{gsf nflu

sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

tflnsf g= @ cf]/]sn] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/]sf lhNnf

:t/Lo ;d"x tyf ;~hfnx¿

lhNnf j8f :t/Lo ;d"x

;b:o ;+Vof

uf=lj=; :t/Lo dlxnf ;fd'bflos

;+:yf

;b:o ;+Vof

df]/Ë @*& %@%@ @( %%(

;'g;/L !*) $!)! !* #$#

pbok'/ @** $$(^ !) (%

l;/xf $@ &@^ * !*%

wg'iff !^@ @%(& !^ @($

bfË *$ !$#! % &!

hDdf !)$# !*^)# *^ !%$&

* j8f :t/Lo dlxnf tyf lszf]/L ;d"x M !)$#

* uf=lj=; :t/Lo dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf M *^ j6f

* lhNnf :t/Lo dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf M @ j6f

dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd

lrq #M dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu ljleGg dfWod


* ;d"x ;~hfn lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu

;xhLs/0f

* tflndx¿

* ;+:yfsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf, jflif{s of]hgf tof/ ug{

;xhLs/0f

;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf ;~hfnx¿sf] cj:yf

cf]/]sn] ljutsf jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ ¿kdf pbok'/df !) j6f dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf;Fu ;f´]bf/L ¿kdf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] l:ylt lyof] . cf]/]ssf] cfˆgf] /0fgLlt cg';f/ xfn cfP/ ;a} sfo{qmd / :yfgLo ;+/rgfx¿ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 . k|d'v ¿kdf cf]/]sn] ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf] cg'bfg h'6fpg], ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f / ;DalGwt ;+:yfgx¿;Fusf] ;Dks{ a9fpg, ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] cGo lhNnfx¿df ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 / ;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ a9fpg a9L ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu klg ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

;du|df ljleGg lhNnfdf u7g ePsf dlxnf ;fd'bflos

;+:yfx¿sf] sfd ug]{ Ifdtf, g]t[Tj / ;+:yfut klxrfg

km/s km/s /x]sf] 5 eg] Pp6} lhNnfdf klg ;+:yfx¿

km/s km/s :t/sf 5g\ . ;+:yfx¿n] dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf]

cleofgnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L :j:km"t{ ¿kdf :yfgLo :t/df

r]tgf clea[l4, lx+;fsf 36gfdf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf]

nflu cfjZos ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; / cfjZos

;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy} bjfjd"ns sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf

5g\ . :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] klxrfg u/L kl/rfng ug{ ;Ifd

ePsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿ lhNnf :t/;Ddsf]

g]t[Tj lnO{ sfo{qmd ug{ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿

cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu tyf cfkm"lj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf]

lj?4df ;ª\ul7t eO{ cfjfh p7fpg ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .

;sf/fTds kIfx¿ * dlxnfx¿sf] ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy}

g]t[Tjtxdf ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 . s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf

:t/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs /

/fhgLlts g]t[TjnfO{ kTofPsf]÷l:jsf/]sf] cj:yf .

* :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgdf dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿sf]

kxF'r / lgoGq0f a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 / :yfgLo :t/sf

ljleGg ;d"x ;ldltdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cfwf/df dlxnf

;xeflutf klg a[l4 ePsf] 5 .

* uf=lj=;= ;Fusf] ;f´]bf/LnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cufl8

a9fpg ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .

* ;jfnnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L d'2fdf ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf

sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

* lhNnfb]lv s]Gb|Lo :t/;Dddf ljleGg ;~hfnx¿;Fu

;dGjo a9fpFb} cfˆgf d'2fx¿sf] p7fg ug{ lqmofzLn

/x]sf 5g\ .


cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ cleofg

-u_


;+o'Qm / fi6« ;ª\3åf/ f dfgj clwsf/ sf] ljZjJofkL

3f] if0ffkqdf s] lGb|t x'Fb} tof/ ePsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL k|lt1fkq !(^^

cg'df] bgsf] nflu NofOof] / sfg'gL :j¿k lbOof] .

To;nfO{{ g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] klg cg'df] bg ul/ ;s] sf] ]

5 . x/ ] s gful/ sn] :jtGqtfk"j{s cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts, gful/ s / / fhgLlts clwsf/ x¿sf] pkef] u

ug{ kfPsf] cj:yfdf dfq dfgj clwsf/ sf] k|Tofe"lt

x'g ;Sb5 . gful/ ssf] hLljsf] kfh{g;Fu ;DalGwt

clwsf/ x¿ cfly{s clwsf/ x'g\ . ;dfhsf] ;b:osf]

x} l;otn] x/ ] s JolQmn] kfpg'kg] { clwsf/ x¿ ;fdflhs

clwsf/ x'g\ eg] JolQmn] hLljsf] kfh{gsf] qmddf xfl;n

u/ ] sf] 1fg, snf / cg'ej;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/ x¿

;f+:s[lts clwsf/ x'g\ .

dfgj clwsf/ sf] ljZjJofkL 3f] if0ffkqsf] wf/ f @%

df k|To] s JolQmnfO{ p;sf] / p;sf] kl/ jf/ sf] vfgf,

sk8f, 3/ tyf cf} ifwf] krf/ sf ;'ljwfx¿ / cfjZostf

cg';f/ sf] ;fdflhs ;] jfx¿;lxt :t/ o'Qm hLjgofkg

ug{] clwsf/ 5 eGg] s'/ f pNn] v ul/ Psf] 5 .

oL clwsf/ x¿sf] cefjdf gful/ s / / fhg} lts

clwsf/ k"0f{ x'g ;Sb} g eGg] dfGotfn] cf] / ] sn] cfly{{s,

;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ cleofg ;~rfng ub} {

cfO/ x] sf] 5 . o; cleofg cGtu{t ljz] ifu/ L dlxnfsf]

:jf:Yo clwsf/ , vfB clwsf/ / ;'/ lIft :yfgfudsf]

clwsf/ nfO{ s] lGb|t u/ L ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ :yfgLo

:t/ b] lv g} ;~rfng ul/ / x] sf] 5 . oL clwsf/ x¿

;'lglZrt ePdf dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f sd x'G5

eGg] cf] / ] ssf] dfGotf / x] sf] 5 .

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ cleofg


lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu lbuf] s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd

-u_ !


hldg g] kfnsf] cfly{s zlQm s] Gb|sf] ¿kdf / xFb} cfPsf]

5 . hldg nufot hn, h+un h:tf k|fs[lts ;|f] tsf]

c;dfg ljt/ 0fsf sf/ 0f JolQm JolQmaLr ;fdflhs,

cfly{s / / fhg} lts c;dfgtf a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 .

g] kfnsf] 7"nf] hg;+Vof of] ;|f] taf6 6f9f / x] sf] 5

eg] ;fgf] ;d"xsf] dfq} o;dfly lgoGq0f / x] sf] 5 .

To;} n] oxL ;fgf] ;d"x cfly{s, ;fdflhs / / fhg} lts

zlQm s] Gb|sf] ¿kdf :yflkt eO/ x] sf] cj:yf 5 .

o;af6 g] kfnsf ax';+Vos ;fgf ls;fg, dlxnf, blnt

/ l;dfGts[t ;d"xx¿ k|fs[lts ;|f] tx¿sf] pkef] u

/ lg0f{o ug] { clwsf/ af6 al~rt x'Fb} cfO/ x] sf 5g\ .

ls;fgx¿ Psflt/ k/ Dk/ fut s[lif k|0ffnL / cfsfz]

v] tLdf e/ kg'{ kg] { / csf] {lt/ hldgdfly clwsf+z

s[ifsx¿sf] :jfldTj gePsf sf/ 0f hLljsf] kfh{gnfO{{

;xh / lbuf] agfpg sl7gfO{ eO/ x] sf] 5 .

k|To] s JolQmnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ kf] if0fo'Qm

vfBj:t'sf] cfk"lt{ g} vfB ;'/ Iff xf] . :jR5 hLjg

tyf dfgj ljsf;sf] nflu vfB ;'/ Iff clgjfo{ zt{

xf] . o; sf/ 0f vfB;'/ IffnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ sf] cleGg

cËsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;} sf/ 0fn] vfBsf] clwsf/ sf]

ljifo ;|f] t ljlxg afnaflnsf, dlxnf tyf lk5l8Psf /

;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf clwsf/ sf] ljifo;Fu ;+w} hf] l8P/

cfpg] ljifo xf] . ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;ª\3sf] vfB tyf s[lif

;ª\u7gsf] egfO{ cg';f/ clxn] klg ljZjdf ! c/a

eGbf a9L dflg;x¿ ef] sd/ L tyf s'kf] if0fsf] lzsf/

x'g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . logdf klg ul/ a tyf ljkGg ju{sf

JolQmx¿ g} o;sf] lzsf/ x'g] s'/ f pQm ;ª\u7gn] :ki6

kf/ ] sf] 5 .

hg;+Vofsf] rfk;Fu} vfBfGgsf] dfu klg a9\bf] 5 .

lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu lbuf] s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd


a9\bf] dfusf] k"lt{ ug{ lbuf] s[lif k|0ffnL / l;+rfO{sf]

ljsf; ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . xfd|f] b] zdf a9L pTkfbg

lngsf] nflu ljb] zL ljsf;] aLp, cToflws / f;folgs

ljifflb / / f;folgs dnsf] k|of] u eO/ x] sf] kfOG5 .

o;n] Psflt/ df6f] sf] pj{/ f zlQmdf x|f; NofO/ x] sf]

5 eg] csf] {lt/ h} ljs ljljwtf gi6 x'Fb} uO/ x] sf] 5 .

;fy} o;n] ubf{ dflg;sf] :j:y jftfj/ 0fdf afFRg

kfpg] clwsf/ / :j:y vfgf vfg kfpg] clwsf/ sf]

;d] t xgg\ eO/ x] sf] 5 . log} s'/ fx¿nfO{{{ dWogh/ u/ L

cf] / ] sn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/ cleofgleq lbuf]

hLljsf] kfh{gsf nflu s[lif, ;|f] t ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg

sfo{qmdd ;~rfng ub} { cfO/ x] sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd

cGtu{t s[lif k|ljlwaf6 jftfj/ 0f, dfgj :jf:Yo /

df6f] sf] pj{/ f zlQmdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbO{ nlIft

uflj;sf ls;fgx¿sf] hLljsf] kfh{gnfO{{{ ;xh / lbuf]

agfpg yk 6] jf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon] pbok'/ , l;/ xf /

bfªdf ;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLnfO{{{ k|a4{g ug] { sfd ub} {

cfPsf] 5 .

/0fg}lts d'2f

dlxnfsf] vfB ;+k|e"tf / dlxnfsf] e"lddflysf] clwsf/ .

d'Vo p2]Zox¿

h} ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/ If0f / k|j4{g ug] { .

k|fs[lts ;|f] tdfly e"ldxLgx¿sf] clwsf/ nfO{

;'lglZrt ug{ k} / jL ug] { .

e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 ug] { .

blnt tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] ;fd'bflos

;zQmLs/ 0f / ;fd"lxs g] t[Tj ljsf; ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f

ug] { .

;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/ t kof{j/ 0fLo

ufFp -Osf] len] h_ x¿sf] lgdf{0fdf ;xhLs/ 0f tyf

;xof] u k'¥ofpg] .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿

;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLdfkm{t lhljsf] kfh{gsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu k} / jL ug] { .

Dflxnfsf] vfB clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu k} / jL ug] { .

:yfgLo ;|f] t, aLp lahg, h} ljs ljljwtf, df} lns 1fg / k|ljlwsf] ;+/ If0f ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f tyf k} / jL ug] { .

e"ldxLg dlxnf, blnt / k5fl8 kfl/ Psf] ;d'bfosf]

hLljsf] kfh{gsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f] tsf] vf] hL] /

To;df pgLx¿sf] kx'FrnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f

tyf k} / jL] ug] { .

s[ifs clwsf/ sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu ;~hfn

lj:tf/ tyf Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { .

gd'gf kof{j/ 0fLo ufFp tof/ ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { .

;DkGg ultljlwx¿

cled'vLs/0fs[ifsx¿nfO{ s[ifs clwsf/ , vfB clwsf/ , s/ ] ;faf/ L,

a] df} ;dL t/ sf/ L pTkfbg, ;3g h} ljs v] tL, / f] u ls/ f

klxrfg / To;sf] Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo aLp lahgsf]

;+/ If0f, h} ljs ljljwtf, jftfj/ 0f / :jf:Yo clwsf/ ,

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ , sDkf] i6 dn,


Rofp v] tL, 3/ ] n' ljiffbL] , hnjfo' kl/ jt{g, kz' :jf:Yo

nufotsf ljifodf hfgsf/ L lbO{ ;';"lrt u/ fpg] p2] Zon]

o; jif{df pbok'/ , l;/ fxf, wg'iff, df] / Ë, ;'g;/ L / bfË

lhNnfdf @!* j6f cled'vLs/ 0f ;DkGg ul/ Psf] 5 .

h;df dlxnf $#@! hgf / k'?if !$$& hgf u/ L hDdf

%&^* hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof e"ldxLg dlxnf, blnt / k5fl8 kfl/ Psf] ;d'bfosf]

hLljsf] kfh{gsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f] t / To;df

pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr tyf lgoGq0f, :yfgLo ;|f] t, aLp

lahg, h} ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/ If0f, Joj;flos t/ sf/ L

v] tL, 3/ ] n' ljiffbL tof/ L / o;sf] k|of] u, ;3g h} jLs

v] tL k|0ffnLsf] dxŒj, Jofj;flos df5fkfng, ahf/

Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf uf=lj=;= tyf lhNnf :t/ df

;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿;Fu #^ j6f cGt/ lqmof tyf 5nkmn

ul/ Psf] lyof] . ls;fgx¿nfO{ ahf/ Joj:yfkg, t/ sf/ L

v] tLdf k|j4{g ug{ tyf hnjfo' kl/ jt{g / o;sf] c;/

;fy} ljiffbLo'Qm vfg] s'/ f / :jf:Yo ;d:of nufotsf

;jfndf lj:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf/ L tyf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg

ug'{sf ;fy} cfufdL lbgdf ax'kIfLo ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿aLr

;xsfo{nfO{ a9fpg ul/ Psf] 5nkmndf !(% k'?if / #(!

dlxnf u/ L hDdf %*^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng s[ifsx¿nfO{ s[lif k|ljlwsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] ,

pTkfbg u/ ] sf] afnL tyf t/ sf/ Lsf] / ] s8{ Jojl:yt

ug] { / s[lif ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpg s[ifsx¿nfO{ PsLs[t

zq'hLj Joj:yfkg k|ljlwaf6 hfgsf/ L lbg] p2] Zon]

o;jif{df df] / Ëdf ! :yfg, l;/ xfdf @ :yfgdf u/ L #

:yfgdf s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ul/ Psf] lyof] .


s[ifs ;d"x ;~hfnsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf Joj:yfkg cf] / ] sn] s[ifs clwsf/ sf] nflu uf=lj=;= :t/ Lo /

lhNnf :t/ Lo ;~hfnx¿ agfpg ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{sf ;fy}

;~hfnsf] ;'b[9Ls/ 0f, ;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu

;xhLs/ 0f / cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof] u ub} { cfO/ x] sf]

5 . s[ifs ;d"x, g] 6js{ / ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿sf] aLrdf

;DaGw la:tf/ , ;~hfn tyf ;d"xx¿sf] ;do ;dodf

a} 7s a;L cfjZostf cg';f/ 5nkmn, of] hgf lgdf{0f

tyf / 0fgLltx¿ to ug] { / ;a} sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df

sfof{Gjog ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 .

/]l8of] sfo{qmd/ ] l8of] pbok'/ !)@=$ d] ufxh{;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lbuf]

s[lif k|0ffnL / To;sf] dxŒjaf/ ] ;d'bfo :t/ df ;"rgf

k|jfx u/ L hgr] tgf km} nfpg] p2] Zon] ;fKtflxs ¿kdf

/ ] l8of] sfo{qmd v] tLkftL nfO{ lg/ Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng

ul/ Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLsf]

k|j4{g, Dflxnfsf] vfB clwsf/ , :yfgLo ;|f] t, aLp

lahg, h} ljs ljljwtf, df} lns 1fg / k|ljlwsf] ;+/ If0f,

e"ldxLg dlxnf, blnt / k5fl8 kfl/ Psf] ;d'bfosf]

hLljsf] kfh{gsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f] tsf] vf] hL] / To;df

pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr tyf lgoGq0f, ls;fgsf cg'ej, nufot

g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] s[lif gLlt / of] hgf ;fy} s[ifsx¿sf]

clwsf/ sf] af/ ] df ls;fgx¿nfO{ lj:t[t hfgsf/ L lbg]

u/ L o; jif{df ## j6f sfo{qmd k|zf/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

3/]n' ljiffbL agfpg] k|of]ufTds cEof; cf] / ] sn] k|ToIf ¿kdf sfd ug] { pbok'/ , l;/ xf, bfË, df] / Ë

/ ;'g;/ L lhNnfsf s] xL uf=lj=;= / gd'gf ufFpx¿df

s[ifs ;d"xx¿ u7g u/ L pgLx¿nfO{ ;3g h} ljs v] tL

lt/ k|f] T;fxg ug{ lg/ Gt/ ¿kdf k|of; ul/ / x] sf] 5 .

o;} qmddf s[ifsx¿nfO{ cfO{=lk=Pd= tyf k|fËufl/ s

tl/ sfaf6 / f] u sL/ fx¿sf] k|efjsf/ L ¿kdf Joj:yfkg

ug{ 3/ ] n' ljiffbL jf lutL dn agfpg k|of] ufTds

cEof; u/ fOPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo :t/ df pknAw x'g]

ljleGg emf/ kftx¿, uf] a/ , n;'g, Kofh, ;okqL, uf} pt

nufotsf ;fdu|Lx¿ hDdf u/ L ljlwk"j{s Jojl:yt

tl/ sfn] lutL dn jf 3/ ] n' ljiffbL agfpg cEof;

ul/ Psf] lyof] . xfn gd'gf k|bz{gL kmfd{ tyf cGo

t/ sf/ L v] tLsf] nflu klg ls;fgx¿n] 3/ ] n' ljiffbL

agfP/ k|of] u ub} { cfO/ x] sf 5g\ . dn agfpg gd'gf

k|b{zgL kmfd{sf cu'jf s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|f] T;fxg :j¿k 8«d

/ :k|] o/ klg ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

;3g h}ljs v]tL k|0ffnL ckgfO{ /x]sf k'/fgf s[ifsx¿ / gofF s[ifsx¿aLr cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg

ldlt @)&) a} zfv @% ut] ] l;/ xfdf ;3g h} ljs v] tL

k|0ffnL;DaGwL wf/ 0ffut / Jofjxfl/ s kIfsf af/ ] df

:ki6tf Nofpg] / gofF s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;3g h} ljs v] tL

k|0ffnL lt/ k|f] T;fxg ug{] p2] Zon] ;3g h} ljs v] tL

k|0ffnL ckgfO{ / x] sf k'/ fgf s[ifsx¿ / gofF s[ifsx¿aLr

cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qmd / flvPsf] lyof] . ;3g

h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLsf] kmfObf / o;sf] cfjZostf tyf

cK7] / fx¿sf] af/ ] df @# hgf s[ifsx¿aLr gd'gf kmfd{df

g} uP/ Jofjxfl/ s ¿kdf 5nkmn ul/ Psf] lyof] .

s[lif d]nf k|b{zgL @)^(÷!!÷)& ut] l;/ xfsf] a:tLk'/ uf=lj=;=df

;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnL lt/ s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|f] T;fxg

ug{, :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug{, ls;fgnfO{

k|fyfldstfsf ;fy ;xefuL u/ fO{ pgLx¿sf] xf} ;nf

a9fpg] / s[ifsx¿sf] aLrdf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ug] {

p2] Zon] s[lif d] nf k|bz{gLsf] cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] .


s[ifsx¿n] cfkm"n] pAhfPsf] cGg afnL, t/ sf/ L afnL,

kmnkm"n tyf gub] afnLx¿ klg k|bz{gLdf / fv] sf lyP .

k|bz{gLdf hDdf !*! hgf s[ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutf / x] sf]

lyof] . !*! hgf dWo] ;a} eGbf pTs[i6 / lg/ f] uL afnLx¿

k|bz{gL ug] { !) hgf dlxnf / !^ hgf k'?if u/ L hDdf

@^ hgf s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|f] T;fxg:j¿k gub k'/ :sf/ tyf

k|df0fkq ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . d] nfn] s[ifsx¿nfO{ yk

Joj;fodf nfUg pT;flxt kf/ ] sf] , :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{

;+/ If0f / ;Da4{g ug] { jftfj/ 0f tof/ ePsf] , s[lifsf]

If] qdf sfo{/ t ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{

a9fpg] jftfj/ 0f tof/ ePsf] ] lyof] .

e"ld clwsf/ If]qLo ;ef sfo{qmd @)^( d+l;/ @# ut] l;/ xf lhNnfsf] nxfgdf / fli6«o

e"ld clwsf/ d~r g] kfn l;/ xf, ;Kt/ L / pbok'/ sf]

cfof] hgf tyf cf] / ] s g] kfn nufot / ljleGg ;ª\3

;:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df blnt, ;'s'Djf;L / e"ldxLgx¿sf]

e"lddfly kxF'r / lgoGq0f a9fpg bjfj k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon]

j[xt ;efsf] cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]

;'?jftdf ¥ofnLn] ahf/ kl/ qmdf u/ L ;efdf kl/ 0ft

ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;a} kfl6{sf g] tfx¿n] blnt

tyf ;'s'djf;Lx¿sf] e"ld clwsf/ ha;Dd ;'lglZrt

x'g ;Sb} g ta;Dd g] kfnL blnt tyf ;'s'Djf;Lx¿sf]

cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] s'/ f JoQm ub} {

cfˆgf] kfl6{n] ;w} blnt, e"ldlxg tyf ;'s'Djf;Lsf]

lxtsf nflu sfo{ ub} { cfPsf] / eljZodf klg ug] {

k|ltj4tf JoQm u/ ] sf lyP .

;'s'Djf;L cfof] usf k|d'v, ljleGg kfl6{x¿sf

k|ltlglwx¿, clwsf/ sdL{x¿, kqsf/ nufot ;ª\3

;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ u/ L nueu b'O{ xhf/ hgfeGbf

a9Lsf] pkl:ylt / x] sf] lyof] . o;} u/ L klxnf] a[xt

;efdf blnt, ;'s'Djf;L / e"ldlxgx¿sf] clwsf/ sf]

nflu ul/ Psf k|ltj4tfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog :t/ df klg

n} hfg k} / jL ug] { p2] Zon] k'gM @)^( ;fn r} q dlxgfsf]

@# ut] l;/ xfdf cfde] nf ul/ Psf] lyof] .

vfB clwsf/sf nflu lbuf] s[lif sfo{qmd ljifos ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu a[xt 5nkmn

vfB clwsf/ ;'lglZrtfsf] nflu s[lif sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf]

¿kdf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . *) k|ltzt\ eGbf a9L

g] kfnLx¿ s[lif If] qdf lge{/ / x] sfn] ;/ sf/ n] of] If] qnfO{

a9L eGbf a9L Wofg lbg cfjZos / x] sf] 5 . s[lif cg'bfg,

l;+rfO{nfO{ la:tf/ ug'{kg] { / s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt k|fljlws

;Lk tyf 1fg ls;fgx¿nfO{ lbg' klg plQs} h¿/ L / x] sf]

5 . s[lifdf Jofj;flos ¿kn] nfUg] ;fgf ls;fgx¿nfO{

k|f] T;fxg:j¿k lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] lhNnfsf]

;|f] t ;fwg / ls;fgx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbO{

of] hgf agfpg klg cfjZos / x] sf] 5 . :yfgLo :t/ sf

s[ifsx¿df k|f] T;fxg a9fpg] , lhNnf s[lif sfof{nosf]

of] hgfsf] af/ ] df ;a} ls;fgx¿nfO{ hfgsf/ L lbg] /

vfB clwsf/ / lbuf] s[lif ljsf;sf] ;jfnsf] ;DaGwdf

5nkmn u/ L s[lifdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{

lhNnfdf ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿aLr a[xt 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf]

cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;'g;/ L, pbok'/ , l;/ xf /

bfËdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf !#@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf]

lyof] .

vfB clwsf/ lbj; vfB clwsf/ lbj;sf] cj;/ df lhNnf tyf s] Gb|Lo

:t/ df s[ifs g] 6js{, vfB g] 6js{ tyf s[lifsf] If] qdf

sfo{/ t ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df

ljleGg ultljlwx¿sf] cfof] hgf u/ L dgfOPsf] lyof] .

pbok'/ df lhNnf s[lif sfof{no;Fusf] ;xsfo{df xfd|f]

s[lif Jofj;fo lxhf] , cfh / ef] nL eGg] ljifodf lhNnf

:t/ Lo ax; sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] h;df $!

hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] . df] / Ë, ;'g;/ L, l;/ xf /


bfËdf uf=lj=;= :t/ df cGt/ lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd

/ flvPsf] lyof] .

* ;"rgf d]nf

pbok'/ lhNnfdf gu/ kflnsf / ;fgf pBf] u Jofj;foL

;ª\3sf] cfof] hgfdf ufO{3f6df ;DkGg # lbg] d] nfdf

cf] / ] sn] ;3g h} ljs v] tL, gd'gf ufFp, hnjfo' kl/ jt{g

/ o;sf] c;/ nufot vfB clwsf/ sf] af/ ] df nueu

#%)) hgf eGbf a9LnfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf ;"rgf k|jfx ug] {

sfd u/ ] sf] lyof] .

vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu gLltut Joj:yf;DaGwL s[ifsx¿;Fu 5nkmn

vfB ;'/ Iffsf nflu s[lif;DaGwL ag] sf gLltx¿sf

af/ ] df s[ifs / cGo ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿sf] aLrdf 5nkmn

u/ L hfgsf/ L lng] lbg] p2] Zon] pbok'/ , l;/ xf, bfª,

df] / ª, ;'g;/ L lhNnfdf uf=lj=;= :t/ df !% j6f

sfo{qmd ul/ Psf] lyof] . 5nkmndf s[lif If] q, vfB ;'/ Iff

/ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f s;/ L Ps cfk;df cGt/ lglxt

5 eGg] ljifonfO{ klg 5nkmndf p7fOPsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ef] ufO{, s[lif;DaGwL

gLlt / of] hgfsf af/ ] df 5nkmn u/ ] sf lyP . s[lif /

vfB ;'/ Iffsf] ljifo / dlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts clwsf/ sf af/ ] df ;a} n] ;r] t x'g /

dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ g] kfndf k|d'v s[lif If] q

g} dxŒjk"0f{ ePsf] s'/ f 5nkmndf cfPsf] lyof] . o'jfx¿

ljb] z knfogsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿df sfo{ef/ ylkg' /

s[lif If] q dlxnfdf g} cfl>t ePsf] n] gLlt, gofF of] hgf

tyf sfo{qmd agfpFbf dgg ug{‘kg] { cfjZostf / x] sf]

s'/ f p7] sf] lyof] . s[lif;DaGwL tflnd, qmo ;'lawf,

pTkfbg tyf ljt/ 0fsf k|lqmofdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljz] if

k|fyldstf lbg'kg] {, vfBfGg ljt/ 0f ubf{ kl/ jf/ sf dlxnf

;b:osf gfddf lbg] , ;/ sf/ n] agfPsf y'k|} Ph] 08f

;/ x s[lif / vfB ;'/ Iffsf r'gf} ltnfO{ cGo Ph] G8fdf

h:t} gLlt lgod agfO{ To;sf] plrt sfof{Gjog ug] { .

o; gLltdf pNn] lvt Ph] 08fn] ul/ a / hf] lvddf k/ ] sf

JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'/ Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf u/ fpg'kg] {, / fli6«o

vfB ;'/ Iff k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/ ug'{sf ;fy} h} ljs v] tL

k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ub} { :yfgLo ;|f] t / ;fwgsf] k|of] u

u/ L s[lif k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{‘kg] { / fHosf] bfloTj / x] sf]

wf/ 0ff ;a} af6 cfPsf] lyof] . To; 5nkmn sfo{qmddf

%!( hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{sd

$)cf} + ljZj jftfj/ 0f lbj;sf] cj;/ df ;3g h} ljs

v] tLn] jftfj/ 0f ;+/ If0f, dflg;sf] :jf:o / df6f] sf]

pj{/ f zlQmnfO{ sfod / fVg s;/ L ;xof] u ug{ ;S5

eGg] af/ ] df 5nkmn ub} { ;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLnfO{

ckgfP/ sfd ul/ / x] sf] s[ifsx¿nfO{ yk k|f] T;fxg /


gofF s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;3g h} ljs v] tL lt/ nfUg pTk|] / Lt

ug] { p2] Zon] pbok'/ df !* hgf ls;fgx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf jftfj/ 0f

;+/ If0fsf nflu af] 6 la?jfsf] ;+/ If0f ug{ klg plQs}

h¿/ L ePsf] 5nkmn ub} { Ps JolQmn] Ps jif{df %

j6f la?jf nufpg'kg] { cfjZostf / x] sf] af/ ] df 5nkmn

ul/ Psf] lyof] .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu tflnd

;3g h}ljs v]tLk|0ffnL ;DaGwL wf/0ffut :ki6tf / Jofjxfl/s kIfaf/] % lbg] tflnd

;3g h} ljs k|ljlwsf] af/ ] df cjwf/ 0ffut :ki6tf Nofpg] ,

a9\bf] / f;folgs laiffbLnfO{ sd ub} { zq'hLjx¿sf]

Joj:yfkgdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] , cfO{=lk=Pdsf] dxŒjsf]

af/ ] df hfgsf/ L u/ fpFb} / f;folgs ljiffbLsf] xflgsf/ s

kIf / k|of] u ubf{ ckgfpg'kg{] ;fjwfgLx¿sf] af/ ] df

hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] p2] Zon] ;3g h} ljs v] tL;DaGwL /

gd'gf k|bz{gL kmd{ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL % lbg] tflnd

@)^(÷!@÷@ b] lv ^ ;Dd bfªdf ;Nofg lhNnfsf

;f´] bf/ ;+:yfsf sd{rf/ L tyf cf] / ] ssf s[lif k|fljlwsx¿

u/ L @! hgfnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] .

o;} u/ L ;wg h} ljs v] tL;DaGwL # lbg] Jofjxfl/ s

tyf wf/ 0fut :ki6tf tflnd l;/ xfdf @ j6f ;DkGg

ul/ Psf] lyof] h;df !* hgf dlxnf / ## hgf k'?if

u/ L %! hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

pbok'/ df klg @ j6f # lbg] ;3g h} ljs v] tL;DaGwL

Jofjxfl/ s tyf wf/ 0fut :ki6tf tflnd ;DkGg ul/ Psf]

lyof] h;df %^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

kz' :jf:Yo / kf]if0f Joj:yfkg;DaGwL @ lbg] tflnd

@)&) h] 7 % / ^ ut] bfªdf s[ifsx¿nfO{ kz'df nfUg]

ljleGg / f] ux¿ / o;sf] pkrf/ sf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L

lbg] , kz'x¿sf] nflu kf] if0f Joj:yfkg;DaGwL hfgsf/ L

u/ fpg] / lhNnf kz' :jf:Yo;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{

a9fpg ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { p2] Zon] kz' :jf:Yo / kf] if0f

Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL @ lbg] tflnd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof]

h;df @) hgf s[ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

gd"gf kmfd{ Joj:yfkg / s[ifskf7zfnf;DaGwL @ lbg] tflnd

gd"gf kmfd{ Joj:yfkg / s[ifs kf7zfnf;DaGwL cu'jf

s[ifsx¿sf] k|fljlws 1fg tyf ;Lk ljsf; ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f

ug] { p2] Zon] @ lbg] tflnd @)!@ gf] e] Da/ @^ / @&

tf/ Lsdf bfªdf ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] . tflnddf ( hgf

k'?if / !$ hgf dlxnf u/ L hDdf @# hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/ x] sf] lyof] .

PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ;Lk ljsf;;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd

cf] / ] sn] PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf

;~rfng ug{ ;Lk ljsf; ug{] p2] Zon] bfª, l;/ xf,

df] / ª / pbok'/ sf !@ hgf h] l6P sd{rf/ Lx¿nfO{


@)&) h] 7 % ut] b] lv & ut] ;Dd pbok'/ df # lbg]

tflnd ;~rfng ul/ Psf] lyof] .

kof{j/0fLo clwsf/ (Ecological right) ;DaGwL

% lbg] tflnd

;Nofg lhNnfsf ;f´] bf/ ;+:yfsf kl/ rfnsx¿, o'jf

Snj / afn Snjsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ cjwf/ 0ffut ¿kdf

:ki6 u/ fpg] p2] Zon] ldlt @)&) h] 7 !@ utb] lv

!^ ut] ;Dd bfªdf kof{j/ 0fLo clwsf/ ;DaGwL % lbg]

tflnd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] . pQm tflnddf !% hgfsf]

;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

kz' :jf:Yo tyf s]/;faf/L Joj:yfkg;DaGwL % lbg] tflnd

cf] / ] s lj/ f6gu/ df ;z:q åGådf j] kQf kl/ jf/ sf

;b:ox¿sf] cfly{s / hLljsf] kfh{gdf s] xL xb;Dd

;xof] u tyf 6] jf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon] % lbg] kz' :jf:Yo

tyf s] / ;faf/ L Joj:yfkg;DaGwL # j6f tflnd ;DkGg

ul/ Psf] 5 . kz'kfngsf] dxŒj tyf kz'df b] lvg]

/ f] u tyf ;d:ofx¿ / ltgsf] Joj:yfkg, uf] 7 ;'wf/ ,

3fF;kft tyf s/ ] ;faf/ Lsf] ] dxŒj, Joj:yfkg, df6f] sf]

pkrf/ / ljleGg / f] u, sL/ fx¿sf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L /

3/ ] n' laiffbLsf] af/ ] df ;d] t hfgsf/ L lbOPsf] lyof] .

tflnddf &* hgf dlxnf / @( hgf k'?if u/ L hDdf

!)& hgfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

s[ifs e|d0f l;/ xfdf gd'gf ufFp la:tf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ug] { qmddf

gd'gf ufFp cjnf] sg / s[ifsx¿aLr cg'ej cfbfg

k|bfgsf nflu l;/ xfaf6 !) hgf s[ifsx¿nfO{ pbok'/ sf]

j} / ] gL / rf} sLaf/ L gd'gf ufFpdf nluPsf] lyof] . gd'gf

ufFpsf] k|j4{g, k|f] T;fxg / Joj:yfkg;DaGwL 5nkmn

ug] { p2] Zon] l;/ xfsf] -wgu8L j8f g=+ # g} gk'/ ,

j:tLk'/ j8f g=+ $ 3n] 6f] n / j:tLk'/ j8f g+= %

ug] zk'/ _ # j6} gd'gf ufFpaf6 s] xL cu'jf ls;fg

/ ;ldltsf ;+of] hsx¿n] gd'gf ufFp cjnf] sg ug] {

qmddf gd'gf ufFpsf] ;|f] t gS;f, pQm 7fFpdf / x] sf

:yfgLo ;|f] t tyf ;fwgsf] klxrfg, s[ifsx¿n] kfn] sf

s'v'/ f, kz' / ;'wfl/ Psf] uf] 7, t/ sf/ L v] tL, / f] u sL/ f

Joj:yfkg;DaGwL s[ifsx¿;Fu la:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf/ L

lnPsf lyP .

uf] j/ UofF;sf] cjnf] sg;Fu} vfgf agfpg tyf aQL afNg

uf] j/ sf] OGwg k|of] u x'g] / uf] j/ UofF;af6 lg:s] sf]

n] bf] af6 dn agfpg] tl/ sfaf/ ] klg hfgsf/ L kfPsf

lyP . o;} qmddf ;f] nf/ sf] klg cjnf] sg u/ ] sf lyP .

o;/ L gd'gf ufFpsf] cjnf] sgkZrft cf] / ] s zfvf

sfo{no pbok'/ sf sfo{qmd clws[t ;/ f] h kf] v/ ] nn]

sl/ a Ps 306f gd'gf ufFpsf] cjwf/ 0ff, dxŒjsf af/ ] df

cled'vLs/ 0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

gd'gf k|bz{gL kmd{ Joj:yfkg cf] / ] sn] cfˆgf] sfo{If] qdf s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;3g h} ljs

v] tL k|0ffnL cg';f/ gd'gf k|bz{gL kmfd{ k|j4{g /

Joj:yfkg ug{ l;/ xfdf !$, df] / ª÷;'g;/ Ldf *, bfªdf

( / pbok'/ df !& hgf cu'jf s[ifsx¿nfO{ 5gf] 6

u/ L cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof] u tyf ;xhLs/ 0f ub} {


cfO/ x] sf] 5 . gd'gf kmfd{sf] nflu h} ljs ljiffbL agfpg

s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|f] T;fxg:j¿k 8«d klg ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf]

lyof] .

;kf]6{ sfo{qmd:yfgLo :t/ df blnt, l;dfGts[t / lx+;f kLl8t

tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljz] if ¿kdf s] lGb|t u/ L

pgLx¿sf] hLljsf] kfh{gnfO{ ;xh agfpg pgLx¿s}

of] hgf / cfjZostf cg';f/ aLp lahg, k|fljlws

;xof] u, l;+rfO{, t/ sf/ L v] tL, df5fkfng, afv|f, a+u'/ ,

aLp af] sf ;xof] u ug'{sf ;fy} km] o/ Jofkf/ sf nflu

aLpk"FhL klg pknAw u/ fpFb} ;xof] u ub} { cfO/ x] sf] 5 .

kz' :jf:Yo pkrf/ s]G› -e]6]/Lg/L Nofj_

;fw/ 0f kz' k/ LIf0f / :jf:Yo pkrf/ , vf] k, kz'

aGWofs/ 0f, uf] a/ hFfr, cf} iflw las|L / kz'kfng;DaGwL

ljleGg hfgsf/ L tyf k/ fdz{ ;] jf lbg] p2] Zon]

cf] / ] sn] laut nfdf] ;dob] lv pbok'/ sf] / fhfjf;

/ bfªsf] k8\9fdf kz' :jf:Yo pkrf/ s] Gb| :yfkgf

u/ L ;] jf pknAw u/ fpFb} cfO/ x] sf] 5 . o; jif{df

pbok'/ af6 *@) / bfªdf !(&# j6f afv|f e] 8f,

s'v'/ f, xfF; tyf cGo kz'nfO{ ;] jf lbOPsf] 5 .

kz' :jf:Yo lzlj/

:yfgLo s[ifsx¿nfO{ kz'x¿sf] hfFr tyf pkrf/

:yfgLo :t/ df g} ug{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] , s[ifsx¿nfO{

kz' ;d:ofk|lt ;r] t agfpg] p2] Zon] cf] / ] s, lhNnf

kz' sfof{no / :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df

pbok'/ sf] r'xf8] / sfnLvf] nf bfªdf x] s'nL / dfgk'/ /

;Nofgsf] afurf} / df kz' :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;DkGg ul/ Psf]

lyof] . lzlj/ df lk=lk=cf/ = vf] k, Eofu't] / rr{/ ] lj?åsf]

vf] k, kz' aGWofs/ 0f, uf] j/ hFfr, h'sf gfDn] nufotsf


;d:ofsf] ;fwf/ 0f hfFr / cf} iflw ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

d] nfdf e] 8f afv|fdf nfUg] lk=lk=cf/ , a+u'/ df nfUg] x} hf

/ gfDn] df6] h:tf kz' ;d:ofsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L

u/ fpg] p2] Zon] krf{ lat/ 0f / k/ fdz{ klg ul/ Psf]

lyof] . bfªdf (($, pbok'/ df !*%& / ;Nofgdf %!&*

kz'nfO{ ;] jf lbOPsf] lyof] .

h]=l6=P= sIff ;~rfng -kfFrf}+ Aofh_;LdfGts[t, blnt tyf k5fl8 kfl/ Psf] ;d'bfosf lszf] /

lszf] / Lx¿nfO{ nlIft u/ L k|fljlws lzIff ;xh tl/ sfn]

lng ;Sg] jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{ cf] / ] sn] pbok'/ df !%

dlxg] s[lif h] =l6=P= tflnd ljut $ jif{b] lv ;~rfng ub} {

cfO/ x] sf] 5 . o;} qmddf o; jif{df a9L gd'gf ufFpdf

:yfgLo o'jfx¿nfO{ k|fljlws ;Lk tyf 1fg lbO{ :yfgLo

:t/ df g} s[lif k|fljlwsx¿ tof/ u/ L s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{

k|fljwLs/ 0f ug{ ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { / o'jfx¿nfO{ :j/ f] huf/

/ :jfanDaL aGg k|f] T;fxg ug] { p2] Zon] of] tflnd

;~rfng ul/ Psf] lyof] . s} nfnL, ;Nofg, bfª, l;/ xf

/ pbok'/ af6 of] jif{ hDdf @$ hgf 5fq 5fqfx¿

cWoogsf] nflu cfPsf lyP . oL dWo] !% hgfnfO{

cf] / ] sn] 5fqj[lQdf k9\g ;xof] u u/ ] sf] lyof] .

# dlxg] l;=Pn=P= sIff ;~rfng;d'bfodf kz'kfng Joj:yfkg, kz'kf] if0f

kz'cfxf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/ L clea[l4 u/ fpg] , kz'kfng

Joj:yfkgdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] , kz' :jf:Yo;DaGwL

k|ljlw tyf ;Lksf] ljsf; u/ fO{ :yfgLo :t/ df g} kz'sf]

pkrf/ ug] { jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{] ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ lbuf]

lhljsf] kfh{gdf ;d] t ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon] ] cf] / ] s

tLg dlxg] kz' :jf:Yo tflnd ;~rfngnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf

lb+b} cfO/ x] sf] 5 . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ kz'kfng Joj:yfkg,

kz'kf] if0f, kz'cfxf/ ;DaGwL 1fg tyf ;Lk clea[l4 u/ L

kz'kfngnfO{ Jofj;flos ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg pTk|] / 0ff

lbg] ;fy} Joj:yfkgdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] / :yfgLo :t/ df

kz';] jfnfO{ ;xh agfpg] p2] Zon] o; jif{ @ r/ 0fdf

tflnd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] . tflnddf pbok'/ , ;Nofg

nufot cGo lhNnfaf6 klg cWoogsf] nflu o'jfx¿

cfPsf lyP . hDdf @* hgf ;xefuLdWo] !! hgfnfO{

cf] / ] sn] lgz'Ns ¿kdf tflnd pknAw u/ fPsf] lyof] .

Osf] len]h Joj:yfkg;DaGwL s]xL k|d'v ultljlwx¿

Osf] len]h Osf] len] hnfO{ To:tf] ufFp jf dfgj a:tL dfGg ;lsG5

hxfFsf afl;Gbfx¿ k|s[lt tyf kof{j/ 0fd} qL Jojxf/

/ k|lalwsf] k|of] u ;fd"lxs lg0f{osf cfwf/ df u/ L

dfkb08x¿

dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fsf] cGTo

ePsf] cj:yf

afnaflnsfx¿dfly x'g] u/]sf ;a} k|sf/sf

lje]bsf] cGTo ePsf] cj:yf

lzIffdf ;a}sf] ;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ePsf]

cj:yf

k|fylds :jf:Yodf ;a}sf] ;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt

/ s'kf]if0f/lxt ;dfhsf] l;h{gf ePsf] cj:yf

dlxnfsf ljz]if :jf:Yo cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg

ePsf] cj:yf

k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf åGå Joj:yfkgdf ;d'bfosf]

;lqmo ;xeflutf ePsf] cj:yf

gjLs/0fLo phf{sf] clwstd pkof]u ePsf]

cj:yf

;3g h}ljs v]tL k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g / Jofj;flos

¿k lnPsf] cj:yf

;d'bfosf ;f+:s[lts klxrfg :yflkt / ;+/lIft

ePsf] cj:yf

/}yfg] 1fg / k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ;+/If0f

/ k|j4{g ePsf] cj:yf

;fd"lxs g]t[Tj ljsf; tyf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf]

l;h{gftkm{ cu|;/ ePsf] cj:yfnfO{

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ljifdtfx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf

;Daf]wg ug{ ;d'bfo ;lqmotfk"j{s nfluk/]sf]

cj:yf .


pknAw ;|f] t / ;Dkbfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ub{5g\ / hxfF

pgLx¿sf ;fdflhs, efjgfTds, cfTdut, ef} lts /

cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ cgGt sfn;Dd lbuf] ¿kdf k"/ f

ePsf x'G5g\ . cf] / ] sn] k/ Dk/ fut ufFpnfO{ Osf] len] hdf

¿kfGt/ 0f ug] { of] cjwf/ 0ff PsLs[t dfgjclwsf/ jfbL

;f] r / lbuf] ;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLsf] cjwf/ 0ff /

sfo{z} nLdf cfwfl/ t 5 . g] kfnL kl/ k|] If cg'¿k cf] / ] sn]

Osf] len] hsf cfwf/ e"t dfkb08x¿nfO{ df] 6fdf] 6L ¿kdf

to u/ L ;f] cg';f/ pbok'/ , l;/ xf, bfª / ;Nofgdf

sfd ub} { cfO/ x] sf] 5 .

dfgjclwsf/ x¿sf] ;'lglZrttf;lxtsf] a} slNks lbuf]

s[lif -;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnL_, gjLs/ 0fLo phf{,

kmf] x/ d} nfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/ 0f

tyf dfgj / kof{j/ 0faLr :j:y cGt/ ;DaGwsf] k|j4{g

ug'{ Osf] len] hsf d"ne"t kIfx¿ x'g\ .

3/w'/L ;j]{If0f M Osf] len] hsf] k|j4{g / lj:tf/ sf]

qmddf cf] / ] sn] ;j{k|yd 3/ w'/ L ;j] {If0f ug] { u/ ] sf] 5 .

o;qmddf of] jif{ pbok'/ df !@( 3/ w'/ L, l;/ xf @((

3/ w'/ L, ;Nofgdf @&* 3/ w'/ L / bfªdf 3/ w'/ L ;j] {If0f

ul/ Psf] lyof] .

cled'vLs/0f M Osf] len] hsf afnaflnsf,

lszf] / ÷lszf] / L, o'jf, dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿nfO{ ljleGg

;jfndf ;';"lrt agfpg] / Osf] len] hsf] dfkb08nfO{

k"/ f ug{ Jofjxfl/ s ¿kdf n} +lËs lje] bdf cfwfl/ t

lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/ 0f, afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo, lzIff

nufotsf clwsf/ x¿sf] ;+/ If0f tyf k|j4{g, k|fs[lts

;|f] t Joj:yfkgdf ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf a9fpg /

;3g h} ljs v] tL k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g / Jofj;flosLs/ 0ftkm{

s[ifsx¿nfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug{] p2] Zon] ljleGg ljifodf @!&

k6s cled'vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf] 5 . h;df $!(# hgfsf]

;xeflutf / x] sf] lyof] .

gd'gf ufFp Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g tyf 5nkmn M

gd'gf ufFp la:tf/ ug] { qmddf gofF gd'gf ufFpx¿nfO{

Jojl:yt / ;'rf¿ ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] p2] Zon] gd'gf

ufFp Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g u/ L cfjZostf cg';f/

5nkmn ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 .

Osf] SNa u7g M afnaflnsf tyf lszf] / lszf] / Lx¿sf]

;xeflutfdf j[lå u/ fO{ pgLx¿sf] rf} tkmL{ ljsf;sf]

nflu afnd} qL / o'jfd} qL jftfj/ 0fsf] k|jå{g / ljsf;sf]

nflu afnaflnsfx¿sf] Sna tyf lszf] / lszf] / Lx¿sf]

sNa u7g ul/ Psf] 5 . ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] of] hgf tyf

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf / ;xsfo{df

e"ldsf a9fpg] p2] Zon] Osf] Snasf ;b:ox¿nfO{

ljleGg ljifodf ;';"lrt u/ fpg] , pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf

clea[l4df ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 .

;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f M Osf] len] hdf ;fd'bflos ejg

lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu :yfgLo >dbfg / cf] / ] s nufot

cGo ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof] uaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{

lg/ Gt/ tf lbOPsf] 5 . ejg ljleGg sfo{qmd, 5nkmn

/ a} 7s ubf{ ;xh x'g] / :yfgLo bg'jf/ ;+:s[ltsf]

;+/ If0fsf nflu klg pQm ejgsf] k|of] u ul/ g] 5 . ejg

lgdf{0f ubf{ cf] / ] saf6 cfly{s ;xof] u ul/ Psf] lyof]

;d'bfosf] >dbfg / cfˆgf] d] xgtn] ejg lgdf{0f u/ ] sf

5g\ .

s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng M Osf] len] hleqsf s[ifsx¿nfO{

PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg k|ljlwaf6 ljleGg s[lif


k|ljlwx¿sf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] , s[ifsx¿n] pTkfbg

u/ ] sf] afnL tyf t/ sf/ Lsf] / ] s8{ Jojl:yt ug{ Ifdtf

clej[l4 ug{] , j} 1flgs k|ljlwaf6 afnLgfnLsf] lgl/ If0f

tyf cg'udg ug] { ;Lk ljsf; ug] { / s[lif ;d:ofnfO{

;'Nemfpg] p2] Zon] Osf] len] h l;/ xfdf @ :yfgdf,

pbok'/ df # :yfgdf, bfªdf # :yfgdf / ;Nofgdf %

:yfgdf u/ L hDdf !# :yfgdf km/ s km/ s afnLdf

s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ul/ Psf] lyof] .

lkpg] kfgL tyf l;+rfO{ M Osf] len] hleq t/ sf/ L tyf

cGo afnL nufpg l;+rfO{sf] cfjZostf ePsf sf/ 0f

;Nofg / bfªdf xfn eO/ x] sf l;+rfO{sf k"jf{wf/ x¿sf]

dd{t ;+Def/ ug{ cf] / ] s g] kfn, :yfgLo ;f´] bf/ ;+:yfx¿

-kf; g] kfn, zf/ bf ;Nofg_ / lhNnf s[lif ljsf;

sfof{nosf] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df ;Nofg lhNnfsf] Yff/ df/ ] ,

DffFemsf8f / lzj/ y uf=lj=;=df :yfgLo :t/ df / x] sf

kfgLsf d"nx¿sf] ;+/ If0f u/ L lkpg] kfgL tyf l;+rfO{sf]

nflu sfd ul/ Psf] 5 . o;af6 &$ 3/ w'/ L nfeflGjt

ePsf 5g\ . o;} u/ L bfª, l;/ xf / pbok'/ df klg l;+rfO{

/ lkpg] kfgLsf] nflu sfd ePsf] 5 .

aLp lahg ;xof]u M s[ifsx¿nfO{ df} ;dL tyf a] df} ;dL

t/ sf/ L v] tLsf] nflu cfjZos aLplahgx¿ cf] / ] saf6

pknAw u/ fpg] ul/ Psf] 5 . ls;fgx¿n] :yfgLo :t/ df

cfkm} +n] klg aLp pTkfbg ug'{sf ;fy} / :yfgLo aLp

;+/ If0f lt/ ug{ yfn] sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] pTkfbg u/ ] sf]

aLpnfO{ cf] / ] sn] lsg] / cGo ls;fgx¿nfO{ ljt/ 0f klg

ug] { u/ ] sf] 5 .

aLp af]sf, afv|f tyf a+u'/ ;kf]{6M gd'gf ufFpdf gZn

;'wf/ sf nflu aLp af] sf pbok'/ , l;/ xf / bfªdf x/ ] s

gd'gf ufpFdf !÷! j6f ;xof] u ul/ Psf] 5 eg] gd'gf


ufFp l;/ xfdf $), pbok'/ df #) j6f afv|f ljt/ 0f

ul/ Psf] lyof] eg] bfª, l;/ xf / pbok'/ df u/ L &@ j6f

a+u'/ / v/ fof] klg ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

s[ifsx¿nfO{ km]/f]dg kf;f] ;kf]{6 M cf] / ] s g] kfnåf/ f gd'gf

ufFpsf cu'jf s[ifsx¿nfO{ t/ sf/ L tyf kmnkm"ndf

nfUg] / f] usL/ f lgoGq0fsf nflu km] / f] d] g6«ofksf] k|of] u

ug{ km] / f] dg kf;f] ;kf] {6 ug'{sf ;fy} cfjZos k|fljlws

;xof] u ul/ Psf] 5 .

ufFp3/ lSnlgs ;~rfng M afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo

hfFrsf] nflu dfl;s ¿kdf gd'gf ufFpdf ;~rfng ug] {

ul/ Psf] 5 .

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]G› tyf :jf:Yo 3'DtL

lzlj/ M dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL ePsf

;d:of / f] syfd tyf ;'wf/ sf] nflu dlxnfx¿nfO{ hfFr,

:jf:Yo k/ fdz{, h8La'6Laf6 pkrf/ ljlw, cg'udg

nufot cGo cfjZos s'/ fx¿df hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] /

cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|lt ;';"lrt x'g] jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug] {

p2] Zon] dlxnf :jf:Yo k/ fdz{ s] G› ;~rfng tyf

cfjZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo 3'DtL lzlj/ ;~rfng ug] {

ul/ Psf] 5 .

kz' :jf:Yo 3'DtL lzlj/ M Osf] len] hx¿df kz':jf:Yo

;] jfnfO{ ;xh agfpg ;do ;dodf 3'DtL lzlj/

;DkGg ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 . ;do ;dodf kz'x¿df b] vf

kg] { ljleGg ;d:ofnfO{ ;dodf g} lgoGq0f ug{ ;"rgf

k|jfx ug'{sf ;fy} kz'x¿sf] pkrf/ ug{ ;xof] u ug] {

ul/ Psf] 5 . kz'sf] hfFr, EofS;Lg tyf cfjZostf

cg';f/ cf} iflw pknAw / lzkmfl/ ; ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 .

uf]7 tyf rlk{ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0f M Osf]

len] hleq ;a} 3/ kl/ jf/ df rlk{sf] cfjZostf, k|of] u /

dxŒjsf] af/ ] df 5nkmn, kz'kfng / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu

Jojl:yt uf] 7sf] cfjZostf / dxŒjsf] af/ ] df 5nkmn

u/ L ;d'bfonfO{ o;sf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/ fO{

cfjZos k"jf{wf/ x¿ agfpg / k|of] u ug] { jftfj/ 0f

tof/ ug{ k/ fdz{, cled'vLs/ 0f, cfly{s ;xof] u /

;xhLs/ 0f ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 .

;fdflhs tyf ;|f]t gS;f tof/ M ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf]

k"0f{;xeflutfdf Osf] len] hdf pknAw / x] sf k"jf{wf/ x¿

/ k|fs[lts ;|f] tx¿sf] klxrfg u/ L :yfgLo :t/ df g}

;fwg, ;|f] t / k/ Dk/ fut 1fg / ;Lksf] clwstd

k|of] udf Nofpgsf] nflu ;a} gd'gf ufFpsf] ;fdflhs

tyf ;|f] t gS;f tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;fdflhs gS;f tof/

u/ L xf] l8{Ëaf] 8{df / flvPsf] 5 .

ax' p2]ZoLo g;{/L ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u M ;Nofg,

bfª, l;/ xf / pbok'/ df x/ ] s gd'gf ufFpdf Ps hgf

cu'jf s[ifsnfO{ 5gf] 6 u/ L kmnkm"n, t/ sf/ L / cGo

h8La'l6sf] klg Jofj;flos tl/ sfn] g;{/ L Joj:yfkg

ug{ cfly{s tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof] u ul/ Psf] 5 .

kmnkm"nsf] la?jfx¿ ljt/0f M s[ifsx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos

kmnkm"n v] tLtkm{ cfslif{t ug{nfO{ lhNnf e"— ;+/ If0f

sfof{no ;Nofg, kf; g] kfn / cf] / ] ssf] ;xsfo{df

s[ifsx¿nfO{ ljleGg kmnkm"nsf la?jfx¿ #&@# j6f

ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .


;'/lIft :yfgfudg sfo{qmd -u_ @


:yfgfudg ug{ kfpg' x /]s JolQmsf] g};lu{s clwsf /

xf] . ljZjJofkL ¿kdf x]bf{ @ ca{ !$ s /f]8 cGt /f{li6«o

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿dWo] !) b]lv !% k|ltzt cn]vj4

sfdbf /x¿ /x]sf] cg'dfg ul /Psf] 5 .

g]kfnLx¿ !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] aLrlt /af6 /f]huf /Lx¿sf]

nflu bfh{lnËsf] lrof aufg, cf;fd / ;g\ !(&) sf]

bzsb]lv t]nsf] vfgL ePsf vf8L d'n'sx¿df uPsf]

kfOG5 . ljutsf s]xL jif{ otf j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf nflu

:yfgfudg ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uO /x]sf]

5 . cfhsf] ;do;Dd cfO{k'Ubf j}b]lzs /f]huf /sf]

sfdsf] k|s[lt / ;+Vof dfq a9\g uPsf] b]lvG5 . t /

sf /0f / d'Vo p2]Zodf eg] vf;} kl /jt{g ePsf] kfOb}g .

j}b]lzs /f]huf / ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f / )^*÷^(

df k'?if #$$#)) hgf / dlxnf !)$!* hgf

u /L hDdf #%$&!* hgf j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] nflu

:yfgfudg ePsf 5g\ eg] cfly{s jif{ )^(÷)&)

df k'?if $@%*#) / dlxnf @&&!# hgf u /L hDdf

$%#%$# hgf g]kfnLx¿ j}b]lzs /f]huf / ljefuaf6

>d :jLs[lt lnP / j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf nflu t];|f]

d'n'sdf uPsf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf / ljefusf] tYofÍ

cg';f / xfn b}lgs ; /b / !&)) sf] xf /fxf /Ldf

g]kfnLx¿ -o; tYofËsn] ef /tdf / ef /tsf] af6f]

eP / hfg]x¿sf] tYofÍsnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g_ /f]huf /Lsf

nflu ljleGg d'n'sx¿df hfg] u /]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

l5d]sL /fi6« ef /tdf sfd ug{ uPsf sfdbf /x¿sf]

olsg tYofÍ eg] pknAw 5}g . t / klg nueu $)

nfv g]kfnLx¿ Eff /tdf dfq sfd ul / /x]sf] cg'dfg

ul /Psf] 5 . To:t} u /L >d :jLs[lt glnP / hfg] g]kfnL

sfdbf /x¿sf] ;+Vof :jLs[lt lnP / hfg]sf] xf /fxf /Ldf g}

5 eGg] cg'dfg ul /Psf] 5 .

b]zdf ePsf] cfGtl /s åGå, v'Nnf cy{gLlt,

ljsf;sf /0fgLlt, ;:tf] >dsf] dfu a9]sf sf /0fn]

klg of] k|lqmofnfO{ tLa| agfPsf] 5 . cfˆgf] b]zn] o'jf

a] /f]huf /LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ kof{Kt ljsNkx¿ ;dodf g}

lbg g;Sbf x /]s lbg o'jfx¿ lab]lzg] qmd a9] / uPsf] 5 .

o; /L /fd|f] cj; /sf] vf]hLdf j}b]lzs /f]huf /Ldf hfg]

g]kfnL cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿

klg plQs} /x]sf 5g\ .

; /sf /L / u} / ; /sf /L tj /af6 s]xL k|of;x¿ eO /x]sf

5g\ t / klg ;d:ofx¿ p:t} 5g\ . x /]s lbg h:t} ;~rf /

dfWoddf cfO /xg] j}b]lzs /f]huf /L;Fu hf]l8Psf lx+;f,

a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f /, 7uL nufot p2f / ug'{kg]{

;d:of tyf ;jfnx¿nfO{ dWogh / ub}{ cf] /]s g]kfnn]

:yfgfudgsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;' /lIft agfpg cfˆgf] 7fFpaf6

;"rgf ;+k|]if0f, Ifdtf clea[l4, cWoog, cg';Gwfg,

cfjZostfdf cfwfl /t ;xof]u / gLlt lgdf{0f tyf

sfof{Gjogsf nflu k} /jL ub}{ cfO /x]sf] 5 .

/0fg}lts d'2f -;jfnx¿_;' /lIft :yfgfudgsf] clwsf /sf] ;''lglZrttf .

;' /lIft :yfgfudgnfO{ dfgj clwsf /sf ¿kdf

cfTd;ft u /]sf] cj:yf

dlxnfsf] :yfgfudgnfO{ ;' /lIft agfpg ;Sg]

jftfj /0f .

d'Vo p2]Zo :yfgfudgnfO{ dlxnfd''vL ;f]raf6 dfgj clwsf /sf]

¿kdf :yflkt ug'{ .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿j}b]lzs /f]huf /df hfg] sfdbf /x¿sf] :yfgfudgnfO{

;' /lIft agfpgsf nflu ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ .

j}b]lzs /f]huf /sf nflu hfg] JolQmx¿ / pgLx¿sf]

kl /jf /sf] clwsf /nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k} /jL

ug]{ .

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{

alnof] agfpg ljleGg ; /f]sf /jfnf lgsfox¿sf]

Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

sfdsf] nflu cfk|jf;gsf] qmddf a]rljvgdf jf

;'/lIft :yfgfudg sfo{qmd


7uLdf k /]sfx¿sf] k'gM p2f /, Goflos pkrf /,

;' /Iffjf;, dgf]ljdz{sf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .

;DkGg ultljlwx¿

cfd;r]tLs /0fsf] nflu ;DkGg ultljlwx¿ ;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL ;"rgf s]Gb| ;~rfng

sfdsf nflu Ps 7fFpaf6 csf]{ 7fFpdf hfg kfpg' x /]s

JolQmsf] g};lu{s clwsf / xf] . t / sfd ug{ hfg] qmddf

;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL ;"rgf lnP / hf]lvdd'Qm

eP / hfg kfpg'k5{ . cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿;Fu sfd

ug]{ bf} /fgdf / 36]sf 36gfx¿sf] cWoog ubf{ ;"rgfsf]

cefj hf]lvdsf] Pp6f k|d'v sf /0f ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOPsf]

5 . ;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /nfO{ ;' /lIft ¿kdf j}b]lzs /f]huf /Ldf

hfg ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] cf] /]s g]kfnn] ljut nfdf]

;dob]lv df] /Ë, ;'g; /L, pbok' /, bfË, wg'iff, l; /fxf /

s}nfnL lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] xftfleq

;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DawL ;"rgf s]Gb| ;~rfng u /L

k /fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfO /x]sf] 5 .

dflysf] tflnsf cg';f / ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 ;' /lIft

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL ;"rgf lng]x¿dWo] !!&@ hgf

dlxnf / !!%#( hgf k'?if u /L hDdf !@&!! hgfn]

;"rgf lnPsf 5g\ .

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL ;"rgf ;fdu|L ljt /0f

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL ;"rgf u|fdL0f:t /;Dd

k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ljleGg d]nf, xl6of, lzlj / tyf

;fj{hlgs :yfgx¿df dfOlsË ,leQ]n]vg ug'{sf ;fy}

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL krf{, a|f]; /, kf]i6 /x¿ ljt /0f

ug]{ ul /Psf] 5 . of] jif{df ())) eGbf a9L ;"rgf

;fdu|Lx¿ ljt /0f ul /Psf] 5 .

;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL :s"n lzIff

ljBfno lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfodf ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ / dfgj a]rljvg

tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4df ;';"lrt ug]{ p2]Zon] of] jflif{s

cjlwdf ljleGg :s'nx¿df !$@ j6f sIffx¿ ;~rfng

ul /Psf] lyof] h;df $)(^ 5fqf / #@&% hgf 5fq

u /L hDdf ^#@^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

cled'vLs /0f

sfdsf] nflu x'g] :yfgfudgnfO{ ;' /lIft agfpg, a]rlavg

tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4 ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ / :yfgfudgnfO{

clwsf /sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ug{sf nflu ;d'bfodf ;"rgf

k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] ;' /lIft :yfgfudg, dfgj a]rljvg

tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4df cled'vLs /0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ul /Psf] 5 . o; jflif{s cjlwdf @%$ j6f cled'vLs /0f

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . h;df #&^% dlxnf / #!#&

k'?if u /L hDdf ^()@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

:yfgfudgsf] ;dodf x'g ;Sg] ljleGg ;d:ofx¿nfO{

lrq $M ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/;DaGwL ;"rgf lng]x¿sf] ;+Vof


dWogh / u /L /f]syfd ug{ ;dodf g} ;xL ;"rgf k|jfx

u /L JolQmsf] ;"rgf;DaGwLsf] clwsf /nfO{ k|j4{g ug{

cf] /]sn] u|fdL0f :t /df o:tf ultljlwx¿ lg /Gt / ¿kdf

;~rfng ub} cfO /x]sf] 5 .

ljleGg g]6js{x¿;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ j}b]lzs /f]huf /Laf6 kmsL{ cfPsf sfdbf /x¿sf]

ufla; ;~hfn;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ / ;~hfn

;'b[9Ls /0f

j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] qmddf b]lvPsf ljleGg lsl;dsf

;d:ofx¿ lnP / k} /jL ug]{ / ;d'bfo :t /df klg cg'ej

cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] cf] /]s g]kfnn] j}b]lzs /f]huf /df

uP / kmls{Psf JolQmx¿sf] uf=lj=;= :t /df ;~hfnx¿

lgdf{0f u /] / pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4, pgLx¿sf]

cu'jfO{df r]tgf clea[l4sf ultljlwx¿ / cfk|jf;L

sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ alnof] agfpg

:yfgLo :t /df k} /jLd"ns ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ub}{

cfO /x]sf] 5 .

dfgj a]rljvglj?4sf] lhNnf :t /Lo ;ldlt tyf

lhNnf kl /of]hgf ;Nnfxsf / ;ldlt;Fusf] a}7s

cf] /]sn] lhNnf :t /df :yfgfudgsf] clwsf /nfO{ ;' /lIft

agfpg k|efjsf /L ¿kdf ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ / ;d:ofdf

k /]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jftfj /0f tof / ug]{

p2]Zon] lhNnf :t /df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf /Lsf] ;+of]hgdf

;Nnfxsf / ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . ;fy} g]kfn ; /sf /sf]

gLlt cg';f / dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4

sfd ug{ lhNnf :t /df ul7t ;ldltx¿sf] cfjZostf

cg';f / a}7s a;L 36gfdf ;xof]u / cfd;r]tLs /0fsf

ultljlwx¿ ;DkGg ug{ 5nkmn u /L of]hgf cg';f /

;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{ ul /Psf] 5 .

; /sf /L tyf u} / ; /sf /L ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo

a}7s

dfgj clwsf /, dlxnf clwsf /, ;' /lIft :yfgfudg /

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f /sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{

ljleGg ; /sf /L tyf u} / ; /sf /L ;+:yf / ;~hfnx¿;Fu

cfjZostf cg';f / klg ;do ;dodf a}7s a;L

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df sfd ug]{ ul /Psf] 5 .

dfgjclwsf / ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt

(HRTMCC) cf] /]s g]kfn dfgjclwsf / ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo

;ldltsf] sfo{sf /L ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] ¿kdf /x]sf]

5 . o; ;ldlt cGtu{t * j6f dxf;lGwx¿sf] pk–

;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . h;df cf] /]s ;Dk"0f{ cfk|jf;L sfdbf / /

pgLx¿sf] kl /jf /sf] clwsf /;DaGwL dxf;lGw !(()

cGtu{tsf] pk–;ldlt ;+of]hs eP / sfd ub}{ cfO /x]sf]

5 . pk–;ldltdf % j6f ;+:yfx¿ ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . o;

pk—;ldltn] ljifotu cWoog ug'{sf ;fy} 36gfx¿df

cfbfg k|bfg, cg'udg ,cfjZostf cg';f / ;xof]u /

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf] nflu k} /jL ub}{

cfO /x]sf] 5 .

;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL /fli6«o ;~hfn

;' /lIft :yfgfdug;DaGwL sfo{ ub}{ cfO /x]sf ljleGg

;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;femf ;~hfnsf] ¿kdf ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg;DaGwL /fli6«o ;~hfn /x]sf] 5 . cf] /]s

g]kfn o; ;~hfnsf] sfo{sf /L ;ldltdf /x] / sfd ub}{

cfO /x]sf] 5 .

cGt /f{li6«o tyf If]qLo ;~hfn M cf] /]s Migration forum in Asia (MFA ) sf]

sfo{sf /L ;ldltdf /x] / cfk|jf;L sfdbf /sf] clwsf /sf]

;jfndf k} /jL ul / /x]sf] 5 eg] dfgj a]rlavg tyf

cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] ;jfndf GAATW sf] ;b:o eP /

sfd ul / /x]sf] 5 .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ;DkGg tflnd ;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL cjwf /0ffut

:ki6tf;DaGwL % lbg] tflnd

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] d'2fx¿nfO{ clwsf /d'vL

;f]raf6 ljZn]if0f u /L pgLx¿sf] clwsf /sf nflu

k} /jLsf ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf ;fy} ;a} ;ª\3;+:yf

tyf ;~hfnx¿aLr ;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL ;dfg

wf /0ff :yflkt ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy h]i7 @) b]lv @$

;Dd ;' /lIft :yfgfudg;DaGwL cjwf /0ffut :ki6tf

ljifos % lbg] tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul /Psf] lyof] .


h;df cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf nflu

sfo{ /t @) j6f ;ª\3;+:yf tyf ;~hfnx¿af6

u /L hDdf @! hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] :yfgfudg k|lqmof, :yfgfudgsf] cj; / /

r'gf}tL, :yfgfudg / dfgja]rljvgsf] aLrsf] ;DaGw,

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt /f{li6«o sfg'gx¿sf]

af /]df lj:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf /L u /fOPsf] lyof] .

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGtlq{mof dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] P]g @)^$

tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]g @)^$ sf] ljifodf 5nkmn

g]kfndf cfk|jf;gsf] a9\bf] qmd;Fu} ljleGg ;d:of /

r'gf}tLx¿ klg ylkb} cfPsf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf /Ldf

b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu eg] /

g]kfn ; /sf /n] j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]g @)^$ NofPsf]

5 . o; P]gn] @)^$ eGbf cufl8 cfk|jf;gdf ePsf]

n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf ;dfg agfPsf]

5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf / Joj;fonfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ o;nfO{

;' /lIft / Jojl:yt agfpg j}blzs /f]huf /df

hfg] sfdbf /sf] xslxtsf] ;+ /If0f ug{sf nflu egL

j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]g @)^$ / j}b]lzs /f]huf / gLlt

@)^* nfO{ cufl8 NofPsf] 5 . o;} u /L dfgj a]rlavg

tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL klg

NofPsf] 5 . t / j}b]lzs /f]huf /;Fu ;DalGwt a]rlavg

tyf cf];f /k;f /sf] 36gfnfO{ 7uLdf g} cufl8 a9fpg]

ePsf sf /0f a]rlavgsf] sfg'g cg';f / btf{ k|lqmofdf

n}hfg ;d:of ePsf] / sltko j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]gdf

Joj:yf ePsf s' /fx¿ klg Jojxf /df nfu' geO /x]sf

sf /0f klg ;d:ofx¿ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . oL ;d:ofx¿nfO{

Go"g ug{ lhNnfsf ; /f]sf /jfnfx¿, s]lGb|o :t /sf

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿ / :yfgLo :t /df klg P]gdf ePsf

s' /fx¿sf] af /]df hfgsf /L u /fpg] / sfof{GjognfO[{

k|efjsf /L agfpg k} /jL ug]{ jftfj /0f tof / ug]{ p2]Zon]

o; jif{df %* j6f 5nkmnx¿ ul /Psf] lyof] . h;df

*%@ dlxnf / %(% hgf k'?if u /L hDdf !$$& hgfsf]


j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] qmddf x'g] 7uL Go"gLs /0fdf

; /f]sf /jfnfsf] e"ldsf ljifos lhNnf :t /Lo 5nkmn

j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] qmddf x'g] 7uLsf 36gfx¿ lbg

k|ltlbg aflx / cfO /x]sf] 5 . ; /sf / j}b]lzs /f]huf /nfO{

Jojl:yt agfpg k|of; /t /x]tf klg o:tf 7uL, zf]if0fsf

ultljlwx¿ lg /Gt / ¿kdf eO /x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo

:t /df Ph]G6x¿sf] ljZjf;df k /] / w] /} JolQmx¿ 7uLdf

kl / /x]sf 5g\ . 7uL ug]{ Ph]G6 / sDklgnfO{ ; /sf /n]

cfjZos sf /jfxL gubf{ klg o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿

al9 /x]sf 5g\ .

o; /L j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] qmddf x'g] 7uLsf] ;d:ofnfO{

s]xL xb;Dd Go"gLs /0f ug{ :yfgLo :t /df ;a}

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg

lhNnf ;Nnfxsf / ;ldlt / dfgj a]rlavg tyf

cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ nufot cGo

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu 7uL Go"gLs /0f / ; /f]sf /jfnfsf]

e"ldsf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd & j6f lhNnfdf ul /Psf]

lyof] . h;df @$& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

æcfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf] ljifodf

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of

;' /lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿df kx'Fr

sd jf gx'Fbf cfjZos ;"rgfsf] cefjs} sf /0f klg

sltko g]kfnL cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf

;d:ofx¿ ef]Ug' kl / /x]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf /af6

k7fPsf] ljk|]if0fn] b]zsf] s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgsf] sl /a @@

k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf]] 5 . t / olt w] /} of]ubfg /x]sf]

j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf] If]qdf cg]sf} ;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿

b]lvPsf 5g\ . xfnsf] d'Vo r'gf}tLx¿ dWo] g]kfnsf]

:yfgfudg ;' /lIft gx'g', cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿ ljleGg


lsl;dsf ;d:ofsf] lzsf / x'g', >d ;Demf}tf cg';f /

;]jf ;'ljwf gkfpg' cflb /x]sf 5g\ . t;y{ :yfgfudgnfO{

s; /L ;' /lIft / Jojl:yt agfP / cfk|jf;L sfdbf /sf]

clwsf /nfO{ pb\ud tyf uGtJo b'a} d'n'ssf ;'lglZrt

ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifonfO{ lnP / ;'g; /L, pbok' /, l; /xf,

wg'iff, bfË / s}nfnLdf ; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of

ul /Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf &^ hgf / k'?if !!% hgf

u /L hDdf !(! hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;DaGwL ljBdfg k|fjwfg / o;n]

kf /]sf] c; /;DaGwL cGtlqm{of

j}b]lzs /f]huf /;Fu ;DalGwt ljBdfg P]g sfg'g ePsf

Joj:yf / ;'wf / ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿sf] af /]df 5nkmn ug]{,

ljBdfg Joj:yfdf cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf]

nflu ;'emfj tof / ug]{ / sfdbf /x¿sf] tTsfn ;xof]u

(Rapid response mechanism) sf] nflu ;'emfj tof /

ug]{ p2]Zon] sf7df08f}+df cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf]

clwsf /sf nflu lqmofzLn ;+:yfx¿ cf] /]s g]kfn, o'y

PS;g g]kfn / kLPg;L;Lsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf of]

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul /Psf] lyof] .

j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]g @)^$ df cfk|jf;gdf ePsf]

n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf ;dfg u /fOPsf]

5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf / Joj;fonfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ o;nfO{

;' /lIft / Jojl:yt agfpg j}blzs /f]huf /df

hfg] sfdbf /sf] xslxtsf] ;+ /If0f ug{sf nflu egL

j}b]lzs /f]huf / P]g @)^$ sf] bkmf * adf]lhd

j}b]lzs /f]huf /df sfdbf / k7fpFbf n}lËs lje]b gul /g]

s' /f k|i6;Fu n]lvPsf] 5 . P]gn] ;dfgtfsf] s' /f u /]tf

klg o; P]g cGtu{tsf ;ldltx¿df ;dfj]lztf ePsf]

kfOG5 eg] dGqL kl /ifb\sf] a}7sn] s'j]t, stf /, ;fpbL

c /a / o'PO{ u /L $ j6f b]zx¿df 3 /]n' sfdbf /sf]

¿kdf hfgsf nflu #) jif]{ xbDofb sfod u /L /f]s

nufO{ P]gdf :ki6;Fu n]lvPsf] a'Fbfsf] 7f8f] pNnª\3g

u /]sf] 5 . o:tf ljleGg ;d:ofx¿sf] /f]syfd

ug{ /fHon] t'?Gt Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;jfndf 5nkmn u /L

; /sf /nfO{ lhDd]jf / agfpg of] cGt/lqmof ul /Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf >d dGqfno, ljefu, af]8{, dlxnf

dGqfno nufot ljleGg If]qsf @% hgf k|ltlglwx¿sf]

pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

lhNnf :t /Lo uf]i7L M dfgj a]rlavg tyf

cf];f /k;f /lj?4df ; /f]sfjfnfx¿;Fu uf]i7L

dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4 lhNnf sfo{

;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / cGo ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] /fli6«o

sfo{of]hgfsf af /]df lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn u /L o;sf]

k|efjsf /L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ax'kIfLo ; /f]sf /jfnfx¿n]

;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;xsfo{ u /L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ of]hgf

tof / ug]{ p2]Zon] df] /Ë, ;'g; /L, pbok' /, l; /xf, wg'iff,

bfË / s}nfnLdf cf] /]s / lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf] ;+o'Qm

;xsfo{df uf]i7L ul /Psf] lyof] . h;df dlxnf @%& /

k'?if @^& u /L hDdf %@$ hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4 cfp6l /r

l; /xf lhNnfsf] ljleGg l;dfjtL{ uf=lj=;=x¿df dfgj

j]rljvg tyf cf];f /k;f /sf 36gfx¿ a9\b} uPsf] /

of] If]q dfgj cf];f /k;f / ug]{ gfsfsf] ¿kdf /x]sfn]

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f /lj?4sf] lhNnf :t /Lo

;ldltsf] g]t[Tj / ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df

ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ul /Psf] lyof] . lhNnf

;ldltsf] a}7sdf lg0f{o eP cg'?k lhNnfsf hf]lvdk"0f{

uf=lj=;=x¿nfO{ 5gf]6 u /L sfo{qmd ul /Psf] lyof] .


¥ofnL M @)&) h]7 !^ ut] l; /xf lhNnfsf] j8x /fdfn

uflj;df / c;gk' / uflj;sf] uf]njhf /df ¥ofnL

;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ¥ofnLdf qmdz M @%) / @)) hgfsf]


;dfh, kqsf /, ;d'bfosf dlxnf tyf k'?if u /L qmdz

M !)) / *) hgf eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f / lsg /

s; /L eO /x]sf] 5, o;sf] /f]syfdsf] nflu xfd|f] s:tf]

e"ldsf x''g'kb{5 eGg] af /]df 5nkmn ul /Psf] lyof] . ;fy}

cfGtl /s / afXo ¿kdf x'g] a]rlavgsf] af /]df klg

5nkmn ul /Psf] lyof] . cfhef]ln j}b]lzs /f]huf /Lsf]

gfddf x'g] u /]sf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f /k;f /k|lt ;r]t

x'g / k"0f{¿kdf ;';"rgf lnP / dfq j}b]l;s /f]huf /Ldf

hfg klg hfgsf /L u /fO{Psf] lyof] .

dfgjclwsf / ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt (HRTMCC) ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;DkGg ultljlwx¿ ljifout cWoog

dfgjclwsf / ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltsf]

;lrjfnoaf6 * j6} ;ldltx¿nfO{ ljifout cWoog ug{

;xof]u u /] cg'?k ;a} ;ldltn] ljleGg ljifodf cWoog

u /] / k|ltj]bg tof / ug]{ qmddf ;a} cfk|jf;L sfdbf / /

pgLx¿sf] kl /jf /sf] clwsf /;DaGwL dxf;lGw !(()

cGtu{tsf] ;ldltn] cfn]vj4 gePsf sfdbf /x¿sf]

clwsf /;DaGwL cGt /f{li6«o k|fjwfg / o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf]

cj:yfsf] cWoog u /]sf] lyof] . ;a} ;ldltaf6 cWoog

ul /Psf k|ltj]bgx¿nfO{ lnP / ;lrjfnoaf6 dfgj

clwsf /;DaGwL 7"nf dxf;lGwsf s]xL k|fjwfgx¿sf]

sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cWoog k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ul /Psf]

5 eg] o; jif{df klg j}b]lzs /f]huf /Ldf g]kfnL sfdbf /

k7fpg] cEof; ;DaGwL cWoog e} /x]sf] 5 .

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd o;}u /L alGbk' / / uf]n ahf /df cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

;DkGg ul /Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf GofolwjQmf,

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf clws[t, g]kfn k|x /Lsf l8 P; kL,

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf k|zf;sLo clws[t, lhlj;sf

of]hgf clws[t ;' /]z /fpt nufot ljleGg ;+:yfsf

k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglw, gful /s


/0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L

dfgjclwsf / ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;a}

pk ;ldltx¿n] u /]sf] sfd, ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿sf]

;dLIff ub}{ cfufdL # jif{sf] nflu ;ldltsf] /0fg}lts

of]hgf th'{df tof / u /]sf] 5 .

Pl;ofnL cfk|jf;L d~r g]kfn RofK6 /;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ePsf ultljlwx¿ @ lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

3 /]n' sfdbf /x¿sf] sfdnfO{ dof{lbt ¿kdf

x]g'{kg]{ / o;sf nflu cfOPncf] dxf;lGw !*( nfO{

; /sf /n] cg'df]bg ug{ k} /jL ug'{kg]{ ;jfnnfO{ lnP /

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu @ lbg] cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg sfo{zfnf

uf]i7L ul /Psf] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Ldf lknLlkG;n] cfOPncf]

dxf;lGw !*( nfO{ cg'df]bg ul /;s]sf] x'Fbf k|fljlws

sfo{bnsf ;b:ox¿n] cfˆgf] b]zsf] cg'ejnfO{ cfbfg

k|bfg u /]sf lyP eg] >Ln+sfn] cg'df]bg k|lqmofnfO{

cufl8 a9fPsf] s' /f ;f]ln8fl /l6 ;]G6 /n] klg sharing u /]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn ; /sf /sf k|ltlglwx¿,

;ª\3;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, 6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf ;b:ox¿,

Nepal MFA chapter, MFA, ;f]ln8fl /l6 ;]G6 /

>Ln+sf / lkmlnlkG;af6 k|fljlws sfo{bnsf ;b:ox¿

u /L $@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]

cGTodf of]hgf th'{df / g]kfn sfo{bn u7g ul /Psf]

lyof] .

uf]i7L kZrft lkmlnlkG;sf] sfo{bnsf ;b:ox¿n] /fli6«o

dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf / cfof]usf

;b:o, >d ljefusf l8lh / cfOPncf]sf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu

5nkmn u /L 3 /]n' sfdbf /sf] sfdnfO{ dof{lbt agfpg

g]kfn ; /sf /n] cfOPncf] dxf;lGw cg'df]bg ug{]

jftfj /0f tof / ug{ njL u /]sf] lyof] .

cfk|jf;g / ljsf;af /] bf];|f] /fli6«o pRr:t /Lo

;Djfb (UNHLD) ;DaGwL @ lbg] /fli6«o k /fdz{

uf]i7L

Pl;ofnL cfk|jf;L d~r g]kfn -cf] /]s g]kfn, kLPg;L;L,

kf} /vL, o'y PS;g g]kfn_ / dfOu]|G6 ;]G6 /sf] cfof]hgfdf

clk|n @% / @^ tfl /vsf lbg cfk|jf;g / ljsf;af /]

bf];|f] /fli6«o pRr:t /Lo ;Djfb (UNHLD) ;DaGwL

@ lbg] /fli6«o k /fdz{ uf]i7L] sf7df8f}df ePsf] lyof] .

cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf nflu sfo{ /t gful /s

;dfhx¿;Fu ;dGjo bf];|f] UNHLD df ;+nUg eO{ &

j6f aF'bfut Ph]08fx¿df 5nkmn u /L lgrf]8 lgsfNg'

o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] .

a'Fbfut Ph]08fx¿df 5nkmn ug{ cfk|jf;g;DaGwL lj1

JolQmTjx¿nfO{ ;|f]t JolQmsf] ¿kdf cfdGq0f ul /Psf]

lyof] . h;df 8f=uf]kfn s[i0f lzjfsf]6Ln] UNHLD

sf]af /]df, cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] >d clwsf /sf] af /]df

ljGbf kf08], cnkq k /]sf cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] af /]df

r08]Zj / cfrfo{, dlxnf cfk|jf;L sfdbf / / ;g\ @)!%

kZrft ljifox¿df 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f /L / cfk|jf;L

sfdbf /x¿sf] etL{;DaGwL ;'o{ e08f /Ln] k|i6\ofpg'

ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf & j6f aF'bfut

Ph]08fx¿df cfwfl /t eO{ % jifL{o sfo{of]hgf tof /

ul /Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf gful /s ;dfh, kqsf /,

6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿ u /L hDdf $& hgfsf]


k"j{—k /fdz{ uf]i7L

@)!@ sf] gf]e]Da /df clkm|sfsf] df] /L;;df x'g uO /x]sf]

5}7f}+ cfk|jfzg / ljsf; ;DaGwdf x'g] ljZj d~rdf

gful /s ;dfhsf tkm{af6 p7fg ug'{kg]{ ;jfnx¿df

; /sf /sf] tkm{af6 ljZjd~rdf ;xefuL x'g hfg]

k|ltlglwx¿;Fu 5nkmn / njL ug'{kg]{ ePsf sf /0f k"j{

tof /L uf]i7L ul /Psf] lyof] . cf] /]s, kf} /vL, o'y PS;g

g]kfn / dfOu|]G6 ;]G6 /sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg o;

sfo{qmddf ;+:yfx¿sf] tkm{af6 tof / ul /Psf] kf]lh;g


k]k /df 5nkmn u /L x:tfGt /0f ul /Psf] lyof] . o;

sfo{qmddf #& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

South Asia Women's Fund (SAWF) ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;DkGg ultljlwx¿ sfo{ut lgb]{lzsf tof /Lsf] nflu sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

dlxnf clwsf /, dlxnfsf] ;' /lIft :yfgfudgsf]

clwsf /;DaGwL ;f ]́bf / ;+:yfx¿nfO{ cjwf /0ffut

:ki6tf u /fpg] / cfufdL lbgdf ug]{ sfdsf] nflu /0fgLlt

to ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fpy Plzof cf]d]g;\ kmG8;Fusf]

;xsfo{df -@)!@ h'nfO{ !% / !^ tf /Ls_ sf7df08f}+df @

lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf]] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Lsf]

cGTodf g]kfndf dlxnf clwsf /, dfgj a]rlavg tyf

cf];f /k;f / / ;' /lIft :yfgfudgdf

sfo{ /t ;+:yfx¿ cf] /]s, dlxnf dfgj

clwsf / /Ifsx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfn,

k} /vL, zlQm ;d"x, zlQm ldng

s]Gb|, hfu[lt dlxnf dxf;ª\3 /

dlxnfsf] lglDt dlxnf d~r u /L

& j6f ;+:yfsf] -dlxnfsf] ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg clwsf /;DaGwL ;~hfn_

;~hfn u7g ul /Psf] 5 .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ljrf/ ljdz{ ;fpy Plzof cf]d]g;\ kmG8 / dlxnfsf] ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg clwsf /;DaGwL ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf

g]kfndf dlxnfsf] ;' /lIft :yfgfudgsf] If]qdf c´ a9L

k|efjsf /L 9+Ëaf6 sfd ug{ ;~hfn u7g ul /Psf] / o;

;~hfnn] ;fpy Plzof cf]d]g;\ kmG8;Fusf] ;xsfo{df

cfˆgf ultljlwx¿nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] af /]df ;/f]sf/

jfnfx¿nfO{ hfgsf /L u/fpg] / ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fvL

of] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf #% hgfsf]


k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd

cf] /]s / ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf sf7df08f}+df

-@)!@ ;]K6]Da / !! b]lv !% tf /Ls_ dlxnfsf] ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg;DaGwL % lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd

;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;~hfnsf ;b:o ;+:yfx¿af6

tflnddf !* hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . tflnddf

8f= /]0f' /fhe08f /L, k"0f{ rGb| e§ /fO{, 8f= ls /0f

?kfv]tL, lbk du / nufotn] ;xhLs /0f ug'{ ePsf]

lyof] . tflndsf] cGTodf ;xefuL ;+:yfx¿n] tflndaf6

l;s]sf s' /fx¿nfO{ ;d'bfo;Dd n}hfg lhNnf :t /Lo

tflndsf] / uf=lj=; :t /Lo cled'vLs /0f ug{ of]hgf

tof / u /]sf lyP .

;f] of]hgf cg'?k ;~hfnsf ;b:o ;+:yfx¿n] lhNnf


:t /Lo ^ j6f tflnd ;DkGg u /]sf lyP h;df !@!

hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] eg] o;}u /L !@ j6f

cled'vLs /0f ;DkGg u /]sf lyP . h;df !($ hgfsf]


cGt /f{li6«o cfk|jf;L sfdbf / lbj;

kqsf / ;Dd]ng

cGt /f{li6«o cfk|jf;L sfdbf / lbj;sf] cj; /df

sf7df08f}+, df] /Ë / l; /fxf lhNnfdf kqsf / ;Dd]ngsf]

cfof]hgf u /L cGt /f{li6«o cfk|jfl; sfdbf / lbj;sf]

;Gbe{df l8;]Da / !@ b]lv !* l8;]Da /;Dd ul /g]

;KtfxJofkL sfo{qmdx¿sf] af /]df hfgsf /L u /fOPsf]

lyof]] .

;KtfxJofkL cleofgdf ;DkGg ul /Psf k|d'v ultljlwx¿

¥ofnL

/]l8of] sfo{qmd

;8s gf6s

leQ] n]vg

;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] :6n / ;"rgf ;fdu|L ljt /0f

; /f]sf /jfnfx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of

1fkg–kq

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZj ;fdflhs d~r @)!@

klxnf] cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ;fdflhs d~r, ;g\ @))% df

a|flhndf ePsf] lyof] . To:t} bf];|f] ;g\ @))^ / t];|f]

@))* df :k]gdf, rf}yf} ;g\ @)!) df OSj]8 /df ePsf]

lyof] eg] kfrf}+ ;fdflhs d~r @)!@ sf] gf]e]Da / @^

b]lv #) tfl /v;Dd lkmlnlkG;sf] /fhwfgL dlgnfdf

;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . o; ;fdflhs d~rsf] tof /L tyf

cfof]hgf cfk|fjf;g;DaGwL ljZj ;fdflhs d~rsf]

cGt /f{li6«o ;ldltsf] g]t[Tj / k|fljlws ;xof]udf

lkmlnlkG; sfo{ ;d"xn] u /]sf] lyof] .

p2]Zox¿cfk|jf;g / lx88'n;DaGwL d'2fx¿df ;+nUg

;+;f /e /sf cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] ;d"x÷;~hfn,

;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿, ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx¿,

gful /s ;dfh, clwsf /sdL{x¿ / jsfntstf{x¿sf]

7"nf] hdftsf nflu :yfg k|bfg ug'{ .

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf Pl;ofnL cfk|jf;gsf] cj:yf

5nkmn / uxg ¿kdf ljZn]if0f, cg'ej, 1fg /

;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, cfk|jf;g / gjpbf /jfb

l;4fGtsf nflu j}slNks pkfox¿sf] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf

vf]hL ug]{ .

dflysf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cfk|jf;L

sfdbf /x¿ / ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng, gful /s ;dfh /

jsfntstf{x¿aLr P]Soj4tf sfod÷lj:tf / ug{' .

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZjJofkL ;fdflhs d~rsf]

k|lqmofnfO{ lj:tf / ug'{ / csf]{ cfk|jf;g;DaGwL

ljZjJofkL ;fdflhs d~rsf] tof /Lsf nflu ;xof]u

ug'{ .

ælx8\8'n, clwsf / / ljZjJofkL gd"gf M ljsNksf]


cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ pTklQ / uGtJo b'j} /fi6«x¿n] cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{ .

dlxnf cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] clwsf/sf nflu cfjfh p7fpg' kg]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ klg ;dfg cj;/ lbg'kg]{ .

dlxnf cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{sf nflu plrt ;+oGq tof/ ug'{sf ;fy} alnof] ;~hfn agfpg'kg]{ .

dlxnfsf] :yfgfudgnfO{ dfgj clwsf/d'vL b[li6sf]0faf6 x]l/g'kg]{ .

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL gLltx¿df ;'wf/ u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug'{kg]{ .

;ª\3;+:yfx¿aLr P]Soj4tf lj:tf/, ;r]tgf clej[l4 / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ .

/f]huf/ sDklgx¿;DaGwL sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|j4{g ug'{kg]{ .

cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ tof/ u/L ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf] ;xof]udf k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{ kg]{ .

vf]hÆ eGg] d"n gf /f /x]sf] cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZjJofkL

;fdflhs d~r @)!@ df %) j6f b]zx¿af6 Gfful /s

;dfh, 6]«8 o'lgog, sfdbf /x¿sf] clwsf /sf] If]qdf

lqmofzLn JolQmx¿ u /L *)) eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx¿sf]]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf cf] /]ssf]

pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZjJofkL ;fdflhs d~rsf] pb\3f6g

;qdf ¥ofnL, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdaf6 ul /Psf] lyof] .

ljZj ;fdflhs d~rdf ljleGg d'2fx¿df ^% j6f

;dfgfGt / uf]i7Lx¿ ul /Psf lyP eg] ;"rgf ;fdu|Lsf]

k|bz{g, ljt /0f, kf]i6 / ;q, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf ;fy}

cGo ultljlwx¿ klg ul /Psf lyP .

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZj ;fdflhs d~rdf cf] /]sn]]

dlxnfsf] cfk|jf;g clwsf /;DaGwLsf] ;jfnnfO{ lnP /

sfo{zfnf uf]i7L u /]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx¿af6

5nkmnsf] qmddf cfPsf ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;d]6] /

cfk|jf;g;DaGwL ljZj ;fdflhs d~rnfO{ a'emfOPsf]

lyof] .

sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 cfPsf ;'´fjx¿

sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ;df /f]xdf ;dfgfGt / uf]i7Lx¿af6

cfPsf ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;d]6] / cfk|jf;L sfdbf /x¿sf] xs

clwsf / ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu #) a'Fb] dlgnf 3f]if0ffkq

hf /L ul /Psf] lyof] . cGt /f{li6«o cfk|jf;L sfdbf / lbj;

dgfpg] qmddf dGqfno, ; /sf /L tyf u} / ; /sf /L ;ª\3

;+:yf / ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df s]Gb|b]lv

lhNnf;Dd g} ;KtfxJofkL sfo{qmd ul /Psf] lyof] .

tflnd lgb]{lzsf tof /

/fli6«o / lhNnf:t /Lo ;|f]t

;d"xx¿nfO{ :yfgfudg / o;;Fu

;DalGwt dfgjclwsf /sf af /]df

:ki6 ug]{, clwsf /d'vL cjwf /0ff

cg';f / ljZn]if0f ug]{ , /fli6«o

tyf lhNnf:t /Lo ;d"xx¿nfO{

dfgj clwsf /;DaGwL cGt /f{li6«o

tyf /fli6«o k|fjwfg tyf ;+oGq af /]df hfgsf /L lbg] /

dlxnfsf] :yfgfudgnfO{ dlxnfjfbL b[li6sf]0faf6

ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] cf] /]sn] ;' /lIft

:yfgfudg / dfgj clwsf / ljifos tflnd lgb]{lzsf

tof / ul /Psf] 5 .

:yfgfudg / dfgj clwsf /sf] ;' /lIft :yfgfudgsf]

bfloTjnfO{ k" /f ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL /fli6«o / lhNnf

:t /Lo ;|f]t JolQmx¿nfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpgsf nflu tof /

ul /Psf] xf] . o;n] dfgj clwsf / k|j4{gsf nflu ul /g]

sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljsf; Pjd\ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg]

p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . :yfgfudgnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf :ki6tf

:yfgfudg / dfgjclwsf /sf If]qx¿ / clwsf /d'vL

;f]raf6 ;' /lIft /f]huf /sf] ljZn]if0f / dfgjclwsf /sf]

;sf /fTds k|of]usf cGTosf ul /g] sfddf of] lgb]{lzsf

s]lGb|t 5 .

36gf clen]vLs /0f tyf cfjZos ;xof]u

j}b]lzs /f]hu /Lsf] qmddf a]rlavg, of}gzf]if0f,

>dzf]if0f, 7uL nufot cGo ;d:ofdf k /]sf JolQmx¿nfO{

cf] /]sn] cfjZostf cg';f / p2f /sf] qmddf ;xhLs /0f,

sfg'gL ;xof]u, dgf]ljdz{ nufot dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;' /Iff

jf; / :jf:Yo pkrf / klg ub}{ cfO /x]sf] 5 . o; jif{

^ hgf dlxnf / !% hgf k'?ifx¿nfO{ ;' /Iffjf;, sfg'gL

;xof]u u /]sf] 5 .


dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ sfo{qmd-u_ #


:jf:Yo dfgjsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ xf] . ;g\ !($* df

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3åf/f k|sflzt ul/Psf] dfgj clwsf/sf]

ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff–kqsf] wf/f @% n] :j:y /xg kfpg]

clwsf/nfO{ JofVof u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ;fdflhs, ;f+:sl[ts

tyf cfly{s clwsf/sf] !(^^ sf] wf/f !@ / dlxnfdfly

ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng dxf;lGw h:tf

ljleGg dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]hx¿n]

dlxnfsf] :j:y /xg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ pNn]v u/]sf]

5 . a]OlhË ;Dd]ngn] dlxnfsf] hLjge/ pRr u'0f:t/Lo

:jf:Yo;]jf kfpg' dlxnfsf] clwsf/ xf] / dlxnfsf] cfˆgf]

:jf:Yosf] ;a} If]qdf cfˆgf] lgoGq0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/

pgLx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] d'Vo cfwf/ xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{

cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n]

:jf:YonfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ul/Psf]

5 . ;/sf/sf] lqjifL{o cGtl/d of]hgfn] klg ;fd'bflos

:jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg'sf ;fy} u|fdL0f If]qdf

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;Dk"0f{ gful/ssf] kx'Fr la:tf/ ug]{

k|ltj4tf pNn]v 5 . o;}u/L cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f

!^ df k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t :Jff:Yo

;]jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/L

:t/af6 :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;'ne agfpg ljleGg k|of;x¿

ul/Psf 5g\\ . t/ o;sf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L ¿kdf

gx'Fbf oL k|of;x¿ c´} klg dlxnfsf cfjZostf /

kx'Fraf6 6f9f 5g\\ .

dlxnf :j:y x'gsf] nflu pgn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,

cfly{s, /fhg}lts / of}lgs ¿kdf :j:y eO{ lx+;f/lxt

hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . k|To]s dlxnfsf nflu x/

;do u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;fy} :jf:Yodf k|ToIf /

ck|ToIf ¿kdf k|efj kfg]{ lgwf{/sx¿df kx'Fr, ;fldKotf

/ u|x0ftf x'g' g} dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ xf] . g]kfnsf]

cfwfeGbf a9L hg;+Vof cf]u6]sf] dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo

l:ylt x]bf{ clt g} hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf 5 . ;]jf lng]

;jfndf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr cToGt} Go"g /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L

dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ sfo{qmd

* cTofjZos :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] pknAwtf sl/a &*

k|ltzt hg;+Vofdf k'u]sf] 5 .

* rf/k6s k"j{ k|;"lt ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ dlxnfsf]

;+Vof @(=$ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 .

* hDdf #^ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] dfq :jf:YosdL{af6

k|;"lt ;]jf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

* sl/a $%)) dlxnfx¿ aRrf hGdfpg] qmddf

ljleGg zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;d:ofaf6

k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

* #& k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofaf6

k|efljt 5g\ .

* ;"lrs[t :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf clen]vg ePcg';f/

(& xhf/ dlxnfx¿n] dfq ;'/lIft ue{ktg

;]jf lnPsf] kfOG5 . eg] #* k|ltzteGbf a9L

dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfq ue{ktgn] sfg'gL dfGotf

kfPsf]] af/]df hfgsf/L 5 .

* g]kfndf cem} klg dft[ d[To'b/ (k|lt nfv hLljt

lzz'sf] hGddf) @@( /x]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf]

5 .

* ljZjdf x/]s jif{ %) xhf/b]lv ! nfv

dlxnfx¿df lkm:6'nf ;d:of a9\g] u/]sf] cg'dfg

ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf k|ltjif{ sl/a %)) b]lv

!))) hgf dlxnf gofF lkm:6'nf lj/fdL ylkg]

u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

;|f]t M hg;f+lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;e]{If0f @)!! / @)!@ hg;+Vof dxfzfvf, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, g]kfn ;/sf/

:t/af6 :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;j{;'ne ul/Psf ljleGg

k|of;x¿ c´} klg dlxnfsf cfjZostf / kx'Fraf6

6f9f 5g\ .

cem} klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] k|hgg


:jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL lg0f{o :jtGq ¿kdf ug{ ;Sg]

jftfj/0f 5}g . o;sf/0f dlxnf :jf:YonfO{ clwsf/sf

¿kdf :yflkt ug{ yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] cf]/]sn]

dlxnfd'vL b[li6sf]0f / clwsf/d'vL ;f]raf6 ljut @)

jif{b]lv ;d'bfob]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf :jf:Yosf If]qdf dlxnfd'vL

b[li6sf]0f /fVb} æcfˆgf] ;xof]u cfkm} u/f}+Æ eGg]

dfGotfaf6 ;d'bfodf dlxnfx¿sf] cu'jfO{ / :yfgLo

lgsfosf] ;xof]udf dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|x¿sf]

:yfkgf, ;]jf, k/fdz{sf ;fy} gLltut k}/jL h:tf

dxŒjk"0f{ sfdx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 .

/0fg}lts d'2f dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf .

d'Vo p2]Zo :jf:YonfO{ clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/fO{ :jf:Yo;DaGwL

xfn ePsf gLlt, lgodx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf]

nflu k}/jL ug]{ .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿ dlxnf :jf:Yo;DaGwL xfn ePsf lglt lgodx¿sf]

k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;xhLs/0f tyf k}/jL

ug]{ .

lszf]/ lszf]/L tyf o'jfx¿sf] of}g tyf k|hgg\

:jf:Yo clwsf/sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f tyf k}/jL ug]{ .

lx+;fsf] sf/0f dlxnfx¿df x'g] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s

:jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg u/L To;sf] ;dfwfgsf]

nflu bjfj l;h{gf ug{ ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿sf] Ifdtf

clea[l4df ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

PsLs[t dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf nflu :jf:Yo

k/fdz{ s]Gb| ;/sf/L ;+oGq leq kfg{ k}/jL ug]{ .

dlxnf :jf:Yo cj:yfsf] tYout ljj/0f tof/ u/L

To;sf cfwf/df gLltut kl/jt{gsf nflu k}/jL

ug]{ .

:yfgLo :t/df h8La'6Lsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{sf

nflu ;xhLs/0f ug{] .

;DkGg ultlalwx¿

cled'vLs/0f dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿nfO{ M dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/,

k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/, :jf:Yo gLlt, lkm:6'nf, dlxnf

lx+;f / :jf:Yo ;d:of, h8La'6Lsf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg

nufotsf ljifox¿df ;';"lrt u/fpg] / dlxnfx¿n]

cfˆgf] cfZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwf pkof]u

ug{] jftfj/0fsf ;fy} dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / lje]bk"0f{

Jojxf/ sd xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;d'bfodf dlxnf tyf

k'?ifx¿nfO{ ! lbg] $(( j6f cled'vLs/0f tyf 5nkmn

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] h;df *$#( hgf dlxnf

/ !*)@ hgf k'?if u/L hDdf !)@$! hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ M lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿nfO{

lszf]/fj:yfdf cfpg] kl/jt{g, k|hgg :jf:Yo, n}+lËs

lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, of}g lx+;f nufotsf ljifodf

la:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn u/L hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon]

l;/fxf / bfËdf ! lbg] !(* j6f cled'vLs/0f ;DkGg

ul/Psf] 5 h;df h;df @%!$ lszf]/ $!&@ hgf

lszf]/Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lzIfs lzlIfsfx¿nfO{ M lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿sf]

of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / n}+lËs lx+;f;DaGwL lzIfs

lzlIfsfx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L pgLx¿dfkm{t ljBfnodf

lj:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon]

o; jif{df pRr df=lj=, df=lj=, lg=df=lj= / k|fljsf lzIfs

lzlIfsfx¿nfO{ ( j6f ! lbg] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd

;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !$& lzlIfsf /

!$* lzIfsx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

clwsf/d'vL kl/jf/ lzIff

dlxnfsf] k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] af/]df kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿nfO{ ;';"lrt u/fpg] p2]Zon] dlxnf :jf:Yo

k/fdz{ s]Gb|df ;]jf lng cfpg] dlxnfx¿sf] kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿nfO{ /fv]/ 5nkmn ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{df

%# j6f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ nlIft u/L ul/Psf]


5nkmndf !!( hgf dlxnf / !)( hgf k'?ifx¿sf]


:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ePsf] gLlt -k|hgg\ :jf:Yo gLlt_

tyf sfo{qmd;DaGwL ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf dlxnf

:jf:Yo g]6js{sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ @ lbg] cled'vLs/0f

dlxnf :jf:Yo;DaGwL xfn ePsf gLlt Joj:yfx¿sf]

af/]df :ki6 kf/L dlxnf :jf:Yo g]6js{ tyf ;fd'bflos

;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿n] ;d'bfodf cled'vLs/0f ;~rfng

ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsfz ug]{ p2]Zon] bfË lhNnfsf] #

j6f uf=la=;=sf] dlxnf :jf:Yo g]6js{ tyf ;fd'bflos

;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ePsf] gLltut

Joj:yf -k|hgg\ :jf:Yo gLlt_ ;DaGwL @ lbg] cled'vLs/0f

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm cled'vLs/0fdf &( hgf

dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

cGt/lqmofx¿

u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr ljifos ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof

u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr cToGt} Go"g

x'gfn] dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt lau|bf] cj:yfdf 5 .

o;sf] ;fy;fy} dlxnfdfly ul/g] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,

;fdflhs, of}lgs lx;f+sf] sf/0fn] c´ a9L dlxnfsf]

:jf:Yodf c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{

;j{;'ne agfpg ul/Psf k|of;x¿sf] k"0f{¿kdf

sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf / ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+/rgfx¿ dlxnf d}qL

gx'Fbf u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo

;]jfdf kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5}g . To;sf/0f dlxnf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo

gLlt tyf lgMz'Ns sfo{qmd / :jf:Yo ;]jfdf -l/Ëk]|;/L

cTofjZos cf}iflwsf] ¿kdf Joj:yf_ dlxnfsf] kxF'rsf]

cj:yf;DaGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof ul/Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a} dlxnfsf]

kx'Fr a9fpg kg]{ / l/Ëk]|;/LnfO{ cTofjZos cf}iflwsf]

¿kdf x/]s x]Nykf]i6df lgz'Ns Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{df

5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . bfË / l;/xf lhNnfdf lhNnf

:t/Lo / uf=lj=; :t/Lo u/L & j6f cGt/lqmof ul/Psf]

lyof] . h;df @%^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr ljifos lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof

lhNnf hg:jf:Yo k|d'v, x]Nykf]i6 OGrfh{x¿;Fu bfË

lhNnfsf] dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo l:yltsf] af/]df 5nkmn,

;]jf lng hfg] dlxnfx¿sf] cg'ej / ;'Ts]/L ;]jfnfO{

k|efjsf/L / lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{df 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon]

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu @)^(÷@& ut]sf

lbg 3f]/fxLdf lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf $) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

lyof] .

dlxnf :jf:Yosf] ;jfn / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf laifos lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof

cf]/]sn] cfˆgf] sfo{If]qdf x/]s jif{ dlxnfsf] k|hgg\

:jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ :jf:Yo lzlj/ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .

pQm lzlj/df ;]jf lng cfpg] dlxnfx¿sf :jf:Yo

;d:ofx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{ tL ;d:ofnfO{

;dfwfg ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg]

p2]Zon] dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ lbj;sf] cj;/df

@)&) h]7 !$ ut] 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm

sfo{qmddf cf]/]sn] ;~rfng u/]sf] # j6f dlxnf :jf:Yo

lzlj/sf] ljZn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg:jf:Yo, /fKtL pk If]qLo c:ktfn,

:jf:Yosf] If]qdf sfo{/t cGo ;ª\3 ;+:yf / /fhgLlts

kfl6{sf k|ltlglwx¿ u/L $# hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]

lyof] . dlxnfx¿df a9L ;]tf]kfgL aUg], kf7]3/ v:g], 9f8

b'Vg], /QmcNktf, /St;|fj nufotsf ;d:of a9L cfPsf

sf/0f o:tf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ kl/jf/ / /fHo

b'j}sf] bfloTj x'g] s'/fdf 5nkmn ub}{ :jf:Yo s]G›af6

lbOg] ;]jfdf n}+lËs ;Dj]bgzLn eO{ dlxnfsf] pkrf/df

Wofg lbg'kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . cGtdf lhNnf

hg:jf:Yo k|d'vn] dlxnfsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L

;]jf pknAw u/fO{/x]sf] / c´ yk ;]jf pknAw u/fpg

kxn ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfpg' ePsf] yof] .

;fy} lzlj/ ;~rfng u/]sf uf=lj=;= x¿df klg dlxnf

:jf:Yosf] ;jfn / kl/jf/sf] e"ldsf ljifos @ j6f

cGt/lqmof ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnfx¿df o:tf


;d:of lsg x'G5g\ o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] / ;dfwfgsf

nflu s] ug{'kg]{ x'G5 eGg] af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn

ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !)$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

:jf:Yo ;]jf tyf gLltsf] af/] uf=lj=; :t/Lo cGt/lqmof

:jf:Yo;DaGwL ePsf gLlt lgodx¿, :yfgLo :t/df

o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yodf kxF'r

;DaGwL bfË, l;/fxf / pbok'/ u/L & j6f uf=lj=;

:t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ul/Psf]

lyof] . cGt/lqmofdf ;]jfu|fxL dlxnf / ;]jf k|bfos

:jf:YosdL{x¿sf] cg'ej, pgLx¿sf ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf]

pkfosf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . :jf:Yo gLlt

/fd|f] ePtf klg dlxnf d}qL sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg

g;Sbf dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9\g g;s]sf]

s'/f lgisif{df cfPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dlxnfx¿n]

;/sf/sf] gLlt Psflt/ / dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo ;d:of

csf]{lt/ ePsf sf/0f ;/sf/af6 kfpg' kg]{ :jf:Yo;]jf

dlxnfn] ;j{;'ne ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f]

/fv]sf lyP . To;sf/0f x]Nykf]i6 / pk:jf:Yo rf}sLaf6

lbOg] ;]jfdf ;do a9fpg'kg]{ -!) ahb]lv % ah];Dd

vf]lng'kg]{_ clgjfo{ ¿kdf dlxnf :jf:YosdL{ x'gkg]{

/ :jf:YosdL{ n}+lËs ;Dj]bgzLn x'gkg]{df ;a}n] hf]8

lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf @#! hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

lyof] .

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg;DaGwL 5nkmn

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|af6 lbOg] ;]jf tyf k/fdz{

dlxnfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ePsf sf/0f ;d'bfodf

dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf :yflkt x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|nfO{ lbuf] ¿kdf Joj:yfkg

ug{sf nflu uf=lj=;= af6 cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg

x'g'kg]{ hf]8 lb+b}+ cf]/]s / dlxnf :jf:Yo g]6js{sf] ;+o'Qm

;xsfo{df pbok'/, l;/xf / bfËdf ( j6f uf=lj=; df

uf=lj=;sf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] cfde]nf u/L 5nkmn

ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnfx¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf

lng] s]Gb| ePsf sf/0f klg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg

cfjZos /x]sf] s'/f 5nkmndf cfPsf] lyof] / o;sf] lbuf]

Joj:yfkgsf nflu uf=lj=;= / ;d'bfo klg lhDd]jf/

/xg'kg]{ lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf @&(

hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

/]l8of] sfo{qmd dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /]l8of] pbok'/

Pkm=Pd= !)@=$ d]3fxh{af6 ;fKtflxs ¿kdf /]l8of]

;okqL sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf

dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] ljifo h:t} dlxnf / :jf:Yo

;]jf, k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/, 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf ul/g]

e]befj, dfgl;s tgfjsf sf/0f dlxnf :jf:Yodf kg]{

c;/x¿, dlxnf :jf:Yo / kf]if0f, vfB ;'/Iff nufotsf

;jfnnfO{ lnP/ rrf{ kl/rrf{ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . of]

sfo{qmdn] ;d'bfo :t/df dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo clwsf/sf]

;jfndf ;';"lrt ug]{b]lv :yfgLo :t/df k}/jLsf] nflu

klg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .

kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofsf] /f]syfd / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu uf]i7L

;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿åf/f dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofsf]

/f]syfd / Joj:yfkgsf nflu u/]sf k|of;x¿sf] af/]df

;/f]sf/jfnfaLr 5nkmn u/L pQm ;d:ofnfO{ d"nwf/df

Nofpgsf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ p2]Zon] @)^(÷%÷!# ut]

l;/xfdf lhNnf :t/Lo uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf !%) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofsf]

pkrf/sf] nflu ;/sf/n] gLlt NofO;s]sf] ePtf klg

o;nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ lhNnf c:ktfnaf6 g}

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ck/]zg ug]{, kmnf]cks ug]{ Joj:yfnfO{

k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{df lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] .

k|hgg ko{6g M d'2f / r'gf}tLx¿ ljifos sfo{zfnf u]fi7L

;+;f/df k|hgg ko{6gsf] cjwf/0ff ljleGg k|sf/n]

kl/eflift 5 . o;} ;DaGwdf dfgjzf:qL dfl;{of OGxf]g{sf

cg';f/ gofF zx;|fAbLsf] ;'?jft;Fu}, a9\bf] ljZj 36gfsf]


qmddf lrlsT;sLo ko{6gsf] klxrfg ePsf] 5 . of] If]qleq kg]{ æk|hgg ko{6gÆ -h;nfO{ ue{wf/0f ko{6g jf ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg ko{6g klg elgG5_ Pp6f o:tf] ofqf xf] h;df ;]jf u|x0f ug]{ JolQm pgLx¿sf] rfxgf cg';f/sf] d]l8sn ;xfotf;lxtsf] k|hgg ;]jf k|fKt ug{ To:tf] ;]jf k|fKt x'g] ;+:yf, sfg'g jf b]zdf hfG5g\ . To;sf/0f æk|hgg ko{6sÆ eGgfn] JolQmsf] lrlsT;sLo k/fdz{, ;xhLs[t k|hgg k|ljlw pkrf/ / bftf, e"|0f jf ;/f]u]hL ;]jfx¿sf] ;dli6ut ;]jfsf] nflu ul/g] ofqf xf] egL a'em\g' kb{5 .

cfhef]ln Jofj;flos ¿kdf c?sf] nflu aRrf pTkfbg ug]{ -s;}sf] kf7]3/ ef8fdf lnP/ aRrf hGdfpg]_ k|lqmof ljZjsf w]/} b]zdf ;'? ePsf] 5 . ljZjdf ;a}eGbf w]/} ;/f]u]6\; aGg] /fi6« ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf eGbf ef/t cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . of] dlxnfjfbL / :jf:Yo clwsf/sdL{x¿sf nflu a9\bf] lrGtfsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

clxn]sf] clgolGqt ljZj ahf/df o'jtLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos ¿kdf cfdf agfpg] -c?nfO{ aRrf lbgsf nflu_ / l8Da bfg ug]{ -/sd lnP/_ k4lt cfsfl;bf] 5 . clxn] o:tf sfo{x¿ Jofj;flos ?kd} :yflkt x'Fb} uPsf] l:yltn] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo clwsf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf] 5 . Psftkm{ ;Gtfgsf] /x/ ug]{ bDkltx¿nfO{ of] pBf]ux¿n] kmfObf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ h;n] o:tf ;]jf k|bfg u5{g\ pgLx¿ k|foh;f] ;LdfGts[t / cfly{s ¿kdf sdhf]/ ePsf sf/0f :jf:Yo hf]lvd p7fpg afWo x'g'sf ;fy} ;dfhdf;d]t nfl~5t x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ nfdf] ;dob]lv g} cfˆgf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu ef/t hfg] / sfd ug]{ :yflkt rng / zf]if0fd"ns sfo{sf] nflu nnfO{ kmsfO{ n}hfg] k|rngn] ubf{ g]kfndf klg ;/f]u]6\;x¿sf] vf]hL x'Fb}5 jf x'g]5 eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

;/f]u];Ldf aRrfsf] clwsf/nfO{ jf:tf ul/Psf] x'Fb}g . oBlk dlxnfx¿ slxn]sfxL ;Defljt b'j} gestational carrier / l8Da k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] ePtf klg To;sf] sf/0fn] lgDTofpg] ljleGg hf]lvd / d'2fx¿nfO{ a'em\g h?/L x'G5 . dlxnfn] l8Da æhLjgsf] pkxf/Æ k|bfg ug]{ qmddf w]/} l;Gy]l6s xfdf]{gx¿ c? cf}iflw lng'sf ;fy} l8Da k'gM k|fKtL retrieval sf nflu ;fgf] zNolrlsT;f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . slxn]sfxL xfdf]{g / cf}iflw ljgf klg e|'0f ljsf; ;Dej ePtf klg of] k|lqmof ;kmn kfg{ hl6n x'g] ub{5 .

o;}sf/0f o:tf] k|lqmof / hf]lvdsf] af/]df dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] ljleGg efudf sfo{/t dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x¿, :jf:Yo clwsf/sdL{x¿ nufot dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿sf] cGt/ ;Ldf k|hgg ko{6g / o;sf] c;/sf] af/]df wf/0ffut :ki6tf Nofpg] p2]Zon] k|hgg ko{6g, blIf0f Plzofdf a9\bf] k|j[lQ / o;sf d'2f tyf r'gf}tLx¿;DaGwL b'O{ lbg] If]qLo uf]i7L (Women’s Rehabilitation Center, Sama Resource Group for Women and Health / Our Body Ourselves) sflt{s @@ / @# ut] sf7df08f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf g]kfndf dlxnf :jf:Yo / dfgj clwsf/ ;'/Iffsf] nflu s] s] eO/x]sf 5g\ / s] ug{ ;lsG5 < k|hgg ;]jfx¿ -l8Da bfg / kf7]3/df lzz'sf] ljsf; ug]{ ;]jf_ sf] af/]df 5nkmn, xfn;Dd k|rngdf /x]sf s]xL afFemf]kgsf pkrf/ k4lt / To;af6 dlxnfnfO{ kg]{ c;/sf af/]df ;d]t rrf{, dlxnfsf] l8Da lgsfNg] tl/sf -cfˆgf] nflu jf c?sf] nflu_ / To;;Fu hf]l8Psf ;jfnx¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn, OBOS / SAMA sf k|ltlglwx¿af6 cfˆgf] cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

……dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/sf cGt/lglxt d'2fx¿ÚÚ ljifos /fli6«o ax; sfo{qmd ;Gbe{ d] @* -dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ lbj;_

dlxnf :j:y x'gsf nflu pgnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,

cfly{s, of}lgs / /fhg}lts ¿kn] :j:Yo /xL plrt

cfjf;df lx+;f/lxt hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . t/ ;dfh,


kl/jf/ / /fHo;d]tdf xfn;Dd ljBdfg lkt[;QfTds

lje]bk"0f{ ;+/rgf / d"No dfGotfx¿sf sf/0f dlxnfx¿n]

cfˆgf] :jf:Yo h:tf] cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] pkef]u

ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . clxn];Dd :yflkt :jf:Yo ;]jfsf

;+oGqx¿sf] kl/jt{g u/L dlxnfsf cfjZostf, rfxgf

/ clwsf/x¿df s]lGb|t :jf:Yo gLlt / ;]jfsf] Joj:yf

ul/g' cfjZos 5 . dlxnfx¿leq klg ljljwtf 5 .

x/]s If]qsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;d:of / ;jfnx¿ cGt/lglxt

x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o;df ljljwtf 5 . To;sf/0f km/s km/s

If]qsf dlxnf tyf o'jfx¿sf ;d:of / ;jfnx¿nfO{

Pp6} ynf]df 5nkmn u/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s ?kfGt/0fsf]

cu|ufdL ;f]r lnP/ cufl8 a9]sf] g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf

tyf gLltnfO{ alnof] agfpg cfjZos /x]sf] dx;';

u/L cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df

dlxnf :jf:Yo clwsf/sf cGt/lglxt d'2fx¿ ljifos

/fli6«o ax; sfo{qmd @)&) c;f/ % ut] of}g tyf

k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/ sf]lnPzg g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf

/fli6««o dlxnf cfof]usf] ;efxndf ;DkGg ul/Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo dGqfnosf pk;lrj /fds[i0f

clwsf/L, :jf=;]jf ljefu, kl/jf/ :jf:Yo dxfzfvfsf

8f= lzn' cof{n, NESOG sf 8f= c?0ff sfsL{, /]i6sf

8f= c?0ff pk|]tL, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/sdL{ 8f= /]0f'

/fhe08f/L, 8f= ldgf cfrfo{, gd|tf zdf{, cGhgf zfSo,

;ldtf k|wfg, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf ;b:o df]xgf

cG;f/L nufotsf clwsf/sdL{ o'jfx¿, ;~rf/sdL{

;ª\3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿, ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿ u/L !))

hgf eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf dlxnf tyf o'jfx¿sf] :jf:Yo clwsf/

k|fKtLdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ s'/f, of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo

;]jf k|fKtLdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ s'/f / o'jfx¿sf] :jf:Yo

clwsf/ k|fKtLdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ s'/fx¿df tLg

;];gdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf]

dlxnf tyf o'jfx¿sf] :jf:Yo clwsf/nfO{ k|efj kfg]{

of}g / k|hgg\ clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu cfjZos

kg]{ cGt/lglxt tŒjx¿sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L cfjZos

/0fgLlts cfwf/kq tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]

o; sfo{qmddf ljljw If]qsf dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo;Fu

;DalGwt cGt/lglxt ;jfnx¿df gLltut ljZn]if0f /

;d'bfosf] ef]ufO{ / cg'ejsf] af/]df ax; ul/Psf] lyof] .

@@ jif{ cufl8b]lv dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf]

af/]df w]/} sfd x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ca cfP/ dlxnfsf] of}g

clwsf/sf] ;jfndf klg c´ a9L ulxl/P/ sfd ug'{sf

;fy} gLltut ¿kdf klg ;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{] b]lvPsf] 5 .

;fy} oL b'j} ;jfndf o'jf k':tfdf s]lGb|t eP/ sfo{qmd

cufl8 a9fpgkg]{ plQs} h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . ljutsf

;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds cg'ejnfO{ lgofn]/ eljiodf

dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / of}lgstfsf] ;jfndf dlxnf

;fk]lIft / lbuf] sfo{qmd Nofpg clt h?/L ePsf] lgisif{

sfo{qmddf lgsflnPsf] lyof] .


lszf]/Lx¿sf] of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/ M of}g lx+;fsf] k|efj, c;/x¿ tyf r'gf}tL ljifos /fli6«o ax;

lszf]/Lx¿df of}lgs lx+;fn] kf/]sf] c;/ / o;sf

r'gf}tLx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{ o; ;jfnsf]

;Daf]wgsf nflu hjfkmb]xL / pQ/bfoL agfpg k}/jL ug{],

lszf]/Lx¿ tyf o'jfx¿sf] of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;]jf

/ ;"rgfdf kx'Fr a9fpgsf nflu k}/jL ug{] / lszf]/Lx¿

tyf o'jfx¿df a9L dfqfdf x'g] u/]sf] of}lgs lx+;fsf]

cGTosf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjo

ub{} o:tf k|sf/sf lx+;fsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ljz]if kxn

ug{ k}/jL ug{] p2]Zon] dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgsf]

;Gbe{df cf/]s g]kfn / g]kfn nla P08 P8ef]s];L u'k|

(NALG) sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf xfd|f] z/L/ xfd|f] xf]

M o; dflysf] lgoGq0f xfd|f] xf] ædf}g ga;f}+, o;sf

af/]df j[xt 5nkmn u/f}+ / of}g lx+;faf6 arf}Æ eGg]

gf/fsf ;fy “lszf]/Lx¿sf] of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo

clwsf/ M of}g lx+;fsf], k|efj, c;/x¿ tyf r'gf}tL

ljifos /fli6«o ax;” sfo{qmdsf] @)^( d+;L/ !( ut]

df /fli6«o tflnd s]G›, 6]s'df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf]

/fli6«o ;~hfnsf cWoIf 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/Ln] ug'{ePsf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf ;x;lrj

zflGt /fd zdf{, dlxnf, aflnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f

dGqfnosf ;x ;lrj pk]Gb| clwsf/L, /fli6«o dlxnf

cfof]usf ;b:o wg]Zj/L rf}w/L, 8f= lzn' cof{n, 8f=

5q cdfTo nufot ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿

u/L !%) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

!^–@% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿dfly %( k|ltzt

of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿ / !^ jif{ d'lgsf $@ k|ltzt

lszf]/L tyf aflnsfx¿df anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿ x'g]

u/]sf] tYofÍn] b]zdf lszf]/Lx¿ tyf dlxnfx¿dfly x'g]

of}g lx+;fx¿ lbgfg'lbg a9L/x]sf] tYonfO{ ;a}sf] ;fd'

phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . 1 of] tYofÍn] lszf]/L / o'jf cj:yfsf

dlxnfx¿ slt c;'/lIft 5g\ eGg] k|i6 b]vfPsf] 5 . o;n]

pgLx¿sf] ;Ddfgk"j{s afRg kfpg] clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf]

5 . cfTdandf 7]; k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . kl/0fd:j?k pgLx¿

lzIff k|fKt ug{], JolQmut ljsf; ug{] h:tf clwsf/x¿

xgg\ ePsf 5g\ . o;/L b]zsf] l;h{gzLn / pTkfbgzLn

pd]/ ;d"xsf bIf hgzlQm lx+;fdf kg'{n] b]zsf] ;du|

ljsf;df g} c;/ kfg{] ub{5 . oBkL oL ;jfnx¿ /fli6«o

ax;sf] ljifo aGg g;Sg' ;a}sf nflu b'Mvk"0f{ s'/f xf] .

o;y{ o; cj:yfsf af/]df ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{

hfgsf/L u/fO{ o; cj:yfsf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu hjfkmb]xL

/ pQ/bfoL agfpg k}/jL ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy o; /fli6«o

ax; sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu tflndx¿

lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd

n}lËs lae]b, lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo

/ lszf]/fj:yfdf x'g] ;Defljt hf]lvdx¿sf] af/]df

wf/0ffut :ki6tf u/fpg] p2]Zon] 6/LufpF, dfgk'/,

p/x/L, x]s'nL / >LufpFsf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ bfËdf

@)&) a}zfv @) ut]b]lv @@ ut];Dd # lbg] tflnd

;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . tflnddf lszf]/ * hgf / lszf]/L

@@ hgf u/L hDdf @* hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

dlxnf :jf:Yo :j+o;]ljsfx¿nfO{ n}+lÎs lje]b, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / clwsf/;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd

;dfhdf n}lËs lje]b ePs} sf/0f dlxnfx¿ n}lËs

lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f ;xg afWo 5g\ . n}+lËs lje]bsf

sf/0f x'g] lx+;fn] dlxnfnfO{ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ¿kdf

k|ToIf ¿kdf c;/ ul//x]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f n}+lËs lx+;f, 1 cf]/]s M dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] jif{ k':ts æcGj]ifLÆ@)^(


k|hgg :jf:y / dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] cGt/;DaGwsf]

af/]df 5nkmn ub}{ ;d:ofx¿sf] /f]syfdsf] nflu PsLs[t

dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] dxŒj / cfjZostf af/]df

:k:6tf u/fpg] p2]Zon] @)^(÷%÷& ut]b]lv ( ut];Dd

p/x/L, 6/LufpF, dfgk'/, x]s'nL / >LufpFsf dlxnf

:jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx¿nfO{ n}+lËs lje]b, dlxnfdfly x'g]

lx+;f / of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / clwsf/;DaGwL # lbg]

tflnd cf]/]ssf] tflnd s]Gb| k8\9fdf ;DkGGf ul/Psf]

lyof] . pQm tflnddf @& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / PsLs[t dlxnf :jf:Yo laifos # lbg] tflnd

of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu

:jf:YosdL{x¿sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/Ldf :k:6tf Nofpg],

:jf:YosdL{x¿n] n}lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf]

klxrfg u/L Ps åf/ lx+;f Joj:yfkg s]Gb|df l/km/

ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{

/ PsLs[t dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ffsf] af/]df

:jf:YosdL{x¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L sfo{ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z

ug{sf] nflu pTk|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] @)^(r}q * b]lv !)

ut];DDf bfË lhNnfsf] % j6f uf=la=;= >LufpF, 6/LufpF,

p/x/L, dfgk'/ / x]s'nL uf=lj=;=sf ;lrj, :jf:Yo rf}sL

OGrfh{, :jf:Yo rf}ls Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿nfO{

n}+lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f, of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo /

PsLs[t dlxnf :jf:Yo laifos # lbg] wf/0ffut :ki6tf

tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . o; tflnddf !)

hgf dlxnf / @@ hgf k'?if u/L #@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

n}+lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / of}g clwsf/;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd

dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿ / dlxnf :jf:Yo

g]6js{x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df 6/LufpF, p/x/L, dfgk'/,

>LufpF / x]s'nL uf=lj=;=df ;+:yf tyf g]6js{sf

;b:ox¿nfO{ # lbg] n}+lËs lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f tyf

k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / of}g clwsf/;DaGwL wf/0ffut tflnd

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . tflnddf !$& hgf dlxnfx¿sf]


dlxnf :jf:Yo / k}/jL ;Lk;DaGwL # lbg] tflnddlxnf :jf:Yosf ;jfnx¿sf] klxrfg u/L lgltut

kl/jt{g tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k}/jL ug{] Ifdtfdf

clea[l4 ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] @)&) a}zfv

#! Uft]b]lv h]i7 @ ut];Dd # lbg] dlxnf :jf:Yo /

k}/jL ;Lk;DaGwL tflnd dlxnf :jf:Yo k}/jL ;~hfn

/ dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;~rfng

ul/Psf] lyof] . tflnddf @! hgf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

lszf]/ lszf]/L :jf:Yo lzIff d]nf lszf]/fj:yf Pp6f o:tf] cj:yf xf] h'g cj:yfdf

JolQmsf] zf/Ll/s, efjgfTds, ;fdflhs kl/jt{g;Fu

hf]l8Psf ljz]if lsl;dsf] hfgsf/L tyf x]/rfxsf]

cfjZostf kb{5 . lszf]/fj:yf k|hgg pd]/df k|j]z ug]{

klxnf] v'8\lsnf] xf] . o; pd]/df pgLx¿nfO{ cfjZos


dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{, dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL hfgsf/L

tyf ;"rgf @%^ hgfnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] .

dlxnf :jf:Yo tyf dlxnf lx+;fsf] ljifodf ;"rgf d]nf

dlxnf :jf:Yo ;d:of tyf dlxnf lx+;fsf] sf/0f ;d:of

, c;/ nufotsf ;jfndf kf]i6/, krf{ tyf cGo ljleGg

;"rgf ;fdu|Lsf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ bfËdf ;"rgf

d]nf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;"rgf d]nfdf ljleGg

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf

cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/, dlxnf lx+;fsf]

aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw, c;/x¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf]

lyof] .

dlxnf :jf:Yo lzlj/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] :jf:Yo clwsf/k|lt ;';"lrt

u/fpg], cfjZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo hfFr tyf k/fdz{

kg]{ ;xL ;"rgf tyf ;]jf ;dodf gkfpFbf ;fdflhs d"No

/ dfGotfsf sf/0f ljleGg k|sf/sf zf]if0fsf] lzsf/

alg/x]sf x'G5g\ .

log} s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/L lszf]/fj:yfdf x'g] hf]lvdnfO{

Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/ / n}+lËs

lx+;f;DaGwL ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] cf]/]s g]kfnn]

x/]s aif{ lszf]/L :jf:Yo d]nfsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ u/]sf]

5 . o; jif{ @)^(÷*÷!% ut] ;f}l8of/ df=lj=df d]nfsf]

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf v]n, jSt[Tjsnf,

xflh/Lhjfkmsf] dfWodaf6 / :6naf6 ;"rgf k|jfx

ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm d]nfaf6 lszf]/L @)) / lszf]/ !^)

u/L #^) hgfn] hfgsf/L lnPsf lyP .

dlxnf :jf:Yo, h8La'6L k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf :6n k|b{zgL

lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no l;/xfsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf]

PsLs[t :jf:Yo cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t % :yfgdf

/flvPsf] cf]/]sn] dlxnf :jf:Yo tyf h8La'6L k/fdz{

;]jf / :6n k|b{zgLaf6 h8La'l6sf] af/]df hfgsf/L,


;]jf pknAw u/fpg] / dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/

Nofpg ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] l;/xf lhNnfsf]

wgu9L / a:tLk'/ uf=lj=;= sf] gd'gf kof{j/0fLo

ufpFnfO{ nlIft u/L @ j6f !÷! lbg] dlxnf :jf:Yo

lzlj/ gd'gf kof{j/0fLo ufpF Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]

cfof]hgf, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo / cf]/]s g]kfnsf]

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L

lji0f'k'/sl§ uf=lj=;= df uf=lj=;= lhNnf hg:jf:y /

cf]/]ssf] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf]

lyof] . o; lzlj/df ;]jf tyf ;"rgf k|bfg ul/Psf]

lyof] .

bfË lhNnfsf] 6l/ufpF, p/x/L, x]s'nL uf=lj=;= df

klg gd'gf kof{j/0fLo ufpFnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L lzlj/

;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] wgf}/L uf=lj=;=df klg dlxnf

:jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L

pbok'/sf] gd'gf kof{j/0fLo ufpF j}/]gL, pqfO6f]n

/ rf}sLjf/LnfO{ nlIft u/L lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf]

lyof] . bfË, pbok'/ / l;/xf lhNnfdf !! :yfgdf

;~rflnt dlxnf :jf:Yo lzlj/af6 !&)^ hgfn]

;]jf lnPsf lyP . pQm lzlj/df dlxnfx¿sf]

:jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL hfgsf/L, 3/]n' pkrf/ ljlw,

k/fdz{;Fu} :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / lgMz'Ns cf}iflw ljt/0f

ul/Psf] lyof] .

0

200

400

600

800

1000

bfËl;/xf pbok'/

964

397 363

lrq g+ % = dlxnf :jf:Yo lzlj/af6 ;]jf lng] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof


lzlj/df hfFr ug]{ qmddf dlxnfx¿df k|hgg\ ;d:of

/ cGo zf/Ll/s :jf:Yo ;d:of ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

h:t}, kf7]3/ v:g], ;]tf] kfgL aUg], kf7]3/sf] d'vdf

3fp, tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], sDfhf]/L, clgoldt dlxgfjf/L,

sDd/ b'Vg], xf8hf]gL{ b'Vg], nufot cfFvf, sfgsf]

;d:of, vf]sL, Uofli6«s, emf8fkvfnf / 6fpsf] b'Vg]

;d:of b]lvPsf] lyof] .

lzlj/ ;~rfngsf] qmddf e]l6Psf dlxnfx¿df x'g]

k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL hl6n ;d:ofx¿sf] /f]syfdsf]

nflu lg/Gt/ kmnf]ck, hfFr tyf ;]jf, dgf]ljdz{ ;fy}

kfl/jf/Ls lzIffsf] cfjZostf ePsf sf/0f cf]/]sn]

lzlj/ ;~rfng u/]sf ;a} uf=lj=;= x¿df yk of]hgf

agfO{ sfd ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df pbok'/sf] Osf]

len]h j}/]gL, pqfO6f]n / rf}lsaf/LnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L ^

dlxg] dlxnfx¿sf] cTofjZos :jf:Yo pkrf/ cleofg

;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] cleofg cGtu{t Osf] len]h

leqsf / aflx/sf u/L hDdf !%* hgf dlxnfn] :jf:Yo

pkrf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . !@* hgfnfO{ dgf]ljdz{

ul/Psf] lyof] eg] !! hgfnfO{ l/Ë /flvPsf] lyof] . #!

hgf dlxnfx¿nfO{ of]u cEof; / Wofg ug{ l;sfPsf] /

* hgfnfO{ yk pkrfsf] nflu lhNnf c:ktfndf l/km/

ul/Psf] lyof] .

tflnsf g+ # bfË, l;/xf / pbok'/df ;~rflnt dlxnf

:jf:Yo lzlj/af6 ;]jf lng] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof

lhNnf uf=lj=;= lzlj/

;~rfng u/]sf]

ldlt

;]jf

k|fKt ug]{

dlxnfsf]

;+Vof bfË 6/LufpF @)^(÷!!÷!!

ut]

!%! hgf

p/x/L @)^(÷!@÷@#

ut]

!*^ hgf

x]s'nL @)^(÷!!÷!!

ut]

!@& hgf

wgf}/L @)^(÷!@÷@!

/ @@ ut]

$*@ hgf

l;/xf wgu9L @)&)÷@÷!$

ut]

!)! hgf

a:tLk'/ @)&)÷@÷!&

ut]

!$^ hgf

lai0f'k'/sl§ @)^(÷*÷@* !#( hgf pbok'/ /fhfjf;

j}/]gL, pqfO6f]n /

rf}sLjf/L Osf] len]h

@)^(÷*÷@#

/ @$ ut]

#^# hgf

tflnsf g+ $ lzlj/df :jf:Yo hfFr ubf{ :yfgLo dlxnfx¿df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿

qm=;= ;d:of pbok'/ l;/xf bfË

! tNnf] k]6sf] ;+qmd0f (PID) !% @* @*#

@ Uofli6«s (APD) $) #! !$#

# d'qgnLsf] ;+qmd0f (UTI) % $ #^

$ kf7]3/sf] d'vdf 3fp, ;l'GgPsf], df;' knfPsf] (Servilities) !* !^ #@

% of]gLdf x'g] ;+qmd0f (Viginities) @ !! !$

^ pRr /Qmrfk (HTN) ! !@

& dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf tNnf] k]6 b'Vg] -Dysmenorrhea/ LAP) # !* !@

* clgoldt dlxgfjf/L Irregular Period !& @$ #@


qm=;= ;d:of pbok'/ l;/xf bfË

( of}g/f]u ÷;]tf]kfgL aUg] STI %^ $) !$

!) cGo -6fpsf] b'Vg], Hj/f] cfpg], vf]sL nfUg], 9f8÷sDd/ tyf

xf8hf]gL{ b'Vg], :jf :jf x'g]

!#! !@) !%*

!! /StcNktf (Anemia ) & @)

!@ dlxgfjf/L /f]ls;s] kZrft cfpg] ;d:of -post manoposal) – – %

!# kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of – – –

I Degree UVP !$ !@ !!

II Degree UVP !^ ( !^

III Degree UVP !) * #%

!$ ue{jtL hfFr (ANC) – $ &

!% a|]:6 b'Vg] – – #

!^ 5ftL b'Vg] @ !# @@

!& afF´f]kg – – $

!* 6fpsf] b'Vg] !# @( %&

!( sdhf]/L – !( #)

@) a9L /ut hfg] ^ – –

@! kf7]3/ ck|]zg kl5sf] kmnf]ck & – –

hDdf ##^ #*^ ($^

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng pbok'/ M !, l;/xf M # / bfËdf % j6f

cf]/]s g]kfnn] ;d'bfodf dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf

kx'Fr a9fpg] p2]Zon] pbok'/, bfª / l;/xf lhNnfdf

u/L hDdf dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf u/L

;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; jif{df dlxnf

:jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|af6 pbok'/df !&& hgfn], l;/xfdf

@!# hgf / bfªdf !!%! hgf u/L hDdf @#*( hgf

dlxnfx¿n] k/fdz{ s]Gb|af6 pkrf/ lnPsf 5g\ . tL

dWo] *# hgf dlxnfx¿nfO{ yk pkrf/sf] nflu l/km/

ul/Psf] 5 .

o; jif{df dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|af6 ;]jf kfPsf

hDdf !%$! hgf dlxnfx¿dWo] pbok'/df *@ hgf,

l;/xfdf &$ hgf / bfËdf (@) hgf u/L hDdf

!)&^ hgf dlxnfx¿sf] cg'udg kmnf]ck ul/Psf] 5 .

cg'udgsf] l;nl;nfdf #$@ hgfsf] ;d:of 7Ls ePsf],

%*# hgf dlxnfsf]] :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfPsf],

*& hgfsf] ;'wf/ gePsf] kfOof] eg] %% hgf dlxnfx¿n]

cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ubf{ub}{ aLrdf ljleGg sf/0fn] 5f]8]sf]

kfOof] . cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ubf{ub}{ aLrdf ljleGg sf/0fn]

5f]8]sf dlxnfx¿ tyf pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{

cf}iflw lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k|of]u ug{sf] nflu k/fdz{ ul/Psf]

lyof] . k/fdz{ s]Gb|df cfPsf ljleGg ;d:of ePsf (@

hgf dlxnfx¿nfO{ yk pkrf/sf] nflu cGo c:ktfndf

l/km/ ul/Psf] lyof] .


tflnsf g+ % dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gbdf ;]jf lng cfpg] dlxnfx¿df b]lvPsf d=:jf=;d:ofx¿

qm=; ;d:of pbok'/ l;/xf bfË hDdf

! tNnf] k]6sf] ;+qmd0f (PID) — $) !## !&#

@ Uofli6«s (APD) — — *@ *@

# d'qgnLsf] ;+qmd0f (UTI) — ! $# $$

$ kf7]3/sf] d'vdf 3fp, ;'lGgPsf], df;'

knfPsf] ( Cervicitis)^ — &# &(

% of]gLdf x'g] ;+qmd0f (Vaginitis) ( @ !)* !!(

^ pRr /Qmrfk — — ^^ ^^

& dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf tNnf] k]6 b'Vg] !& — @^ $#

* a9L /ut hfg] – – $# $#

( clgoldt dlxgfjf/L % – @$ @(

!) of}g/f]u ÷;]tf]kfgL aUg] #( — #* &&

!! cGo -6fpsf] b'Vg], Hj/f] cfpg],9f8

tyf xf8hf]gL{ b'Vg]_

!# $ !@& !$$

!@ /StcNktf – – %$ %$

!# dlxgfjf/L /f]ls;s] kZrft cfpg]

;d:of

– – – –

!$

kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of – – – –

I Degree UVP ## @( #$ (^

II Degree UVP !! ^@ ^( !$@

III Degree UVP $$ &% !*^ #)%

!% ue{jtL hfFr (ANC) – – #* #*

!^ afF´f]kg – – & &

hDdf !&& @!# !!%! !%$!

* kf7]3/ tyf lkm:6'nfsf] lgMz'Ns ck/]zgsf]] nflu k/fdz{ tyf l/km/n ;]jf

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb|df / dlxnf :jf:Yo d]nfdf

;]jf lng cfPsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;d:of x]/L t];|f] l8u|L

kf7]3/ v;]sf dlxnfx¿sf] ck/]zg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf

ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo gLlt cg';f/ lgMz'Ns

ck/]zg ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] x'gfn] ljleGg lhNnfdf lhNnf

hg:jf:Yo;Fu ;dGjo u/L l/km/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;

jif{df ^# hgfsf] lgz'Ns ck/]zg ePsf] 5 .

o;}u/L lkm:6'nf ;d:of klxrfgsf] nflu hfFr / ck/];g


ug{sf] nflu klg w/fg c:ktfn / kf6g c:ktfndf

l/km/ ug]{ qmddf of] jif{ l;/xfaf6 @ hgfnfO{ cf]/]sn]

l/km/ u/]sf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos :jf:Yo sfo{qmd u|fdL0f ;d'bfonfO{ k|f/lDes cfwf/e"t tyf tTsfn

cfjZos kg]{ :jf:Yosf] If]qdf k|ltsf/fTds, k|j¢{gfTds

/ pkrf/fTds ;fy} :jf:Yo lZfIffsf] dfWodaf6 :jf:Yodf

tTsfn tyf lb3{sflng kmfO{bf k'¥ofpg], cfjZostf

cg';f/ tTsfn k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf pknJw u/fpg]

p2]Zon] cf]/]sn] pbok'/ / bfË lhNnfdf ;fd'bflos

:jf:Yo lSnlgs ;~rfng u/L ljleGg ;]jfx¿ h:t}

M ;fwf/0f :jf:Yo hfFr tyf pkrf/, ue{jtL hfFr,

;'Ts]/Lkl5sf] hfFr, vf]k ;]jf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf,

Nofj ;]jf, 8\6; ;]jf nufotsf ;]jf k|bfg ub{} cfO{/x]sf]

5 . o;jif{df pbok'/af6 dlxnf !%@% hgf / k'?if

^&$ hgf u/L hDdf @!(( hgfnfO{ / bfËaf6 dlxnf

!)@^ hgf / k'?if ^%@ hgf u/L hDdf !^&* hgfnfO{

;]jf pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . ( hgfnfO{ l/km/ ul/Psf]

lyof] .


afn ljsf; tyf afn clwsf/ sfo{qmd

-u_ $


afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw -Convention on child rights) n] !* jif{ d'lgsfnfO{ afnaflnsf eg]/ JofVof

u/]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfndf afnaflnsf;DaGwL, P]g @)$* sf

cg';f/ !^ jif{eGbf d'lgsfnfO{ afnaflnsf elgG5 . afn

clwsf/ eGgfn] afnaflnsf ljz]ifdf nfu" x'g] clwsf/

xf], h'g uef{j:yfb]lv g} k|fKt x'G5 . afn clwsf/ cGtu{t

k9\g kfpg] clwsf/, af]Ng kfpg] clwsf/, ;"rgfsf]

clwsf/, kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf vfg kfpg] clwsf/, :j:y /xg

kfpg] clwsf/, s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lx+;fd'Qm hLjgofkg

ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ / cfˆgf] k"0f{ ¿kdf ljsf; x'g kfpg]

clwsf/ kb{5g\\ . afn clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwn] afn

clwsf/sf] kl/kfngf;DaGwL bfloTj cleefjs tyf /fHo

b'j}df /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn afn clwsf/;DaGwL

kIf /fi6« ePsf]n] afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug'{{ /fHosf]

bfloTj xf] .

kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf, lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf pgLx¿sf] ?lr

cg'¿ksf] jftfj/0f pkef]u ug{ kfpg' afnaflnsfsf]

g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . t/ g]kfnsf ax';+Vos

afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yf c }́ klg clwsf/sf] b[li6n]

bogLo 5 . 1 lkt[;QfTds ;f]+r / Jojxf/ tyf sdhf]/

1 Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS)-2011 disseminated 26th March 2012 = sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ M % jif{

d'lgsf !))) hgf afnaflnsfdf %$ hgfsf] d[To' x'g] ub{5 .

* !))) lhjLt aRrf hGdbf ## hgfsf] d[To' x'g] ub{5 .

* $! k|ltzt\ aRrfx¿ w]/} g} s'kf]lift (chronically malnourished) 5g\ eg] !! k|ltzt aRrfx¿ sdhf]/ /x]sf 5g\ .

* #( k|ltzt afnaflnsfx¿sf] tf}n sd /x]sf] 5 .

afn ljsf; tyf afn clwsf/ sfo{qmd


cfly{s l:yltsf sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿ k9\g÷n]Vg /

:jf:Yo pkrf/af6 klg jl~rt ePsf 5g\\\ .

dlxnf clwsf/ tyf afnclwsf/ Ps–csf{df

cGt/;DalGwt / cGt/lglxt 5g\\ . dlxnfsf]

;zQmLs/0fsf nflu dlxnfd}qL jftfj/0fsf] cfjZostf

kb{5 . dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/leqsf] tyf aflx/sf] sfd ug'{kg]{

/ ;Fu} afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu ;do lbg'kg]{ x'Fbf pgLx¿sf]

;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts ;zQmLs/0fdf k|ToIf

k|efj kb{5 . afnclwsf/ sfo{qmdn] dlxnfnfO{ s]Gb|

ljGb' agfP/ sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf PsLs[t ljsf;sf]

cjwf/0ff cg'¿k pbok'/, l;/xf / bfË lhNnfdf

afnaflnsfx¿sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpFb}

dlxnfx¿sf] sfo{ af]emnfO{{ s]xL xb;Dd sd ug'{sf ;fy}

dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0f / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu

pko'Qm jftfj/0f agfpg ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]

5 .

/0fg}lts d'2f -;jfn_ afnclwsf/ sfo{qmd /fli6«o sfo{qmdleq ;dflxt

ePsf] cj:yf .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿ afnljsf; s]Gb|nfO{ ;d'bfodf lbuf] ¿kdf ;~rfng

ug{ ;d'bfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] .

afn lasf; sfo{qmdnfO{ dlxnf b[li6sf]0faf6

;~rfng ug{ k}/jL ug]{ .

afnclwsf/;DaGwL sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf nflu k}/jL

ug]{ .

afnljsf; s]Gb|nfO{{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] Joj:yfkg

ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+:yf / afnljsf;

s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{

;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

afnljsf; sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]kgsf] nflu :yfgLo

;|f]t;fwg kl/rfngdf a[l4 ug{ ;d'bfonfO{ ;zQm

agfpg] .

;DkGg ultljlwx¿ afn lasf; s]Gb| ;~rfng

k|f/lDes afNofj:yfdf zf/Ll/s a[l4, eflifs ljsf;,

l;h{gfTds ljsf;, dgf]lqmofTds / ;fdflhs ;r]tgf

cGo cj:yfdf eGbf tLa| ultdf x'G5 . o; cjlwdf afn

aflnsfx¿nfO{{ plrt / ;dfg jftfj/0f lbg ;lsPsf]

cj:yfdf dfq pgLx¿sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; x'g'sf] ;fy}

n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]] jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g;S5 eg] csf]{lt/

cfdfx¿sf] klg ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug

;S5 eGg] dfGotfn] cf]/]sn] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afn

lasf; s]Gb|x¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . xfn l;/xfdf

$ / bfËdf % j6f u/L ( afn lasf; s]Gb| ;~rfng

eO/x]sf] 5g\ h;df @!^ hgf afnaflnsfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

cled'vLs/0f Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, lzIfs, ;xof]uL,

cleefjs nufot ;d'bfosf cGo JolQmx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo

;/;kmfO{, afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf, dxŒj, afn

clwsf/, ;'/lIft dft[Tj, kf]if0f, lzIff nufotsf ljifodf

;';"lrt u/fpg] p2]Zon] $^ j6f Ps lbg] cled'vLs/0f

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . h;df #@$ hgfsf]


;dGjo / ;xsfo{

cleefjs tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;Fu a}7safnljsf; s]Gb|nfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] lbuf] ¿kdf


Joj:yfkg ug{ ;a} lhNnfdf afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿df

;d'bfos} ;xeflutfdf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]

5 . a}7sdf afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf

;b:ox¿ / cleefjsx¿ nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]

aLrdf afn lasf; s]Gb|sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / lbuf] ljsf;sf]

nflu s;/L sfd ug{ ;lsG5, :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgdf

s;/L kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf cfjZostf

cg';f/ a}7s a;L 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f] cg';f/ sfd ug]{

ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf lzIff sfo{fno tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGjo a}7s

afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo tyf 5nkmn

ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rflnt s]Gb|nfO{ ;/sf/L ;+/rgfleq

kfg{sf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ / ;d'bfonfO{ klg ;Dj]bgzLn

tyf lhDd]jf/ agfpgsf nflu lhNnf lzIff sfof{no

tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿ /

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o, cleefjssf] aLrdf ;dGjo

a}7s ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfn] ;~rfng

u/]sf] afn ljsf; s]Gb|k|lt lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] ;w}+

;xof]u ug]{ tyf lhDd]jf/ /xg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf afn clwsf/df sfd ug{] ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjo a}7s

lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt / afn clwsf/sf] If]qdf

sfo{/t ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sfaLrdf afnaflnsfx¿sf]

clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu cfufdL lbgdf s]

s:tf sfof{x¿ ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ;~rfng

ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ug{ cfjZostf

cg';f/ a}7s a:g] ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf]

;'/Iff, lx+;f k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/,

lzIff, sfg'gL ;xof]u, afn u[xsf] Joj:yf h:tf

cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] Joj:yf lhNnfdf x'gkg]{ /

ljz]if u/L afnaflnsf;Fu hf]l8Psf s'g} ;d:of

cfPdf afnsNof0f ;ldltn] t'?Gt /]:kG; ug'{kg]{

/ /]km/n ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf

Nofpg'kg]{ ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f] cg';f/ ;dGjo /

;xsfo{df sfd cufl8 a9fpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

s]Gb|sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg

afn lasf; s]Gb|sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu j8f e]nf

afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;du| tyf k"0f{ljsf;sf nflu afn

ljsf; s]Gb|n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ o;sf]

lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o,

cleefjs tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df

s]lGb|t /x]/ afn ljsf; s]Gb| ;~rfng eO/x]sf ;a}

uf=lj=;= / j8fx¿df bfËdf a[xt e]nf u/L 5nkmn

ul/Psf] lyof] .

dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf / r'gf}tL ljifos cGtlqm{ofTds sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

dlxnfx¿sf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ;zQmLs/0fnfO{ yk

;xof]u k'¥ofpg dlxnfd'vL b[li6sf]0faf6 afnljsf;

s]Gb| ;~rfng ul/g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L cf]/]s /

lhNnf lzIff sfo{fno bfËsf] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df dlxnf

;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|sf]

cfjZostf / r'gf}tL ljifo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd 3f]/fxLdf

@)^( d+l;/ @! ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] / u}/


;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿n] afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿ cf—cfˆg}

lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf]df sfof{Gjogsf]

:t/df ;a}sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df afnaflnsfsf]

rf}tkmL{ ljsf;;Fu} dlxnfx¿sf] ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0f

/ cfly{s ;zQmLs/0fnfO{ klg dWogh/ u/L sfd ubf{

kl/jf/ / afnaflnsf b'j}nfO{ kmfObf x'g] s'/fdf 5nkmn

ul/Psf] lyof] . cf]/]sn] o; sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] cg'ej

cfbfgk|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmndf cf]/]sn] ;~rfng

u/]sf] afnlasf; s]Gb| PsLs[t ¿kdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf

sf/0f dlxnfx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0f / hLljsf]kfh{gdf klg

yk 6]jf k'u]sf] 5nkmndf cfPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf $%


o;}u/L 6/LufpF / x]s'nL uf=lj=;= df klg

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf /

Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm

sfo{qmddf ^% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

s]Gb|sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]t Joj:yfkg tyf klxrfg;DaGwL 5nkmn sfo{qmd

afnlasf; s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, dlxnf

;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ / cleefjsx¿;Fu

s]G›nfO{ lhNnf lzIffsf] sf]6fleq kfg{sf] nflu kxn ug]{,

uf=lj=;= tyf ;fd'bflos jg;Fu ;|f]tsf] nflu k|:tfjx¿

k]z ug]{ / ;'dbfoaf6 klg s]xL ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug]{

;DaGwdf l;/xf / bfËdf u/L ( j6f 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf !*( hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

Ifdtf clea[l4 sfo{qmd lzIfs / ;xof]uLx¿nfO{ k'gM tfhuL tflnd

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k9fpg / ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ afn

d}qLk"0f{ ¿kdf cEof; u/fpg ;Lk ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon]

pbok'/ / l;/xfdf ;~rlfnt afn lasf; s]Gb|sf lzIfs

tyf ;xof]uLx¿nfO{ k'gM tfhuL tflnd pbok'/df

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

lzlIfsf / ;xof]uLx¿nfO{ k|fylds pkrf/;DaGwL @ lbg] cled'vLs/0f

afnaflnsfx¿sf] k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf/ / cfsl:ds

pkrf/df Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]

p2]Zon] afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf lzIfs tyf ;xof]uLx¿nfO{

@ lbg] cled'vLs/0f÷tflnd bfËdf @)^(÷&÷!* / !(

ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . tflnddf dlxnf !@ k'?if !*

u/L hDdf #) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;xof]u

8«|]; ljt/0f afn ljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf ;a} afnaflnsfx¿sf]

nflu jflif{s ¿kdf Ps k6s 8«]; -kf]zfs_ ljt/0f

ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . kf]zfs ljt/0fn] afnaflnsfx¿ tyf

pgLx¿sf cleefjsx¿nfO{ afnljsf; s]Gb|df cfpg,

;kmf /xg / pgLx¿nfO{ 8«];df ljBfno hfg' kb{5

eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fPsf] 5 . o; jif{ hDdf @!^

hgfnfO{ 8|]«; ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf afn ljsf; s]Gb|df x/]s dlxgf :jf:Yo hfFr ubf{ s'g}

afnaflnsf s'kf]lift kfOPdf cf]/]sn] kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf

vfg lbg'sf ;fy} :jf:Yo pkrf/df klg ;xof]u ub}{

cfO/x]sf] 5 .

:jf:Yo;DaGwL ultljlwx¿

dfl;s :jf:Yo k/LIf0f afnaflnsfx¿n] :jf:Yo hfFr tyf pkrf/ ;j{;'ne

dfWodaf6 k|fKt u/L :j:y / lg/f]uL hLjgofkg ug{]

clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'k5{ eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy


afnaflnsfx¿sf] dfl;s :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{ ul/Psf]

5 . dfl;s :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ubf{ s]xL ;d:of b]vf k/]df

k|fylds pkrf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] yk pkrf/sf]

nflu x]Nykf]i6 / lhNnf c:ktfndf l/km/ ug{] ul/Psf]

5 . afnaflnsfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ lb;f hfFr u/L

h'sfsf] cf}iflw klg v'jfpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

kf]if0f lSnlgs ;~rfng x/]s afnaflnsfn] :j:Yo hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg'

pgLx¿sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . :j:Yo hLjgofkgsf

nflu kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . t/ g]kfndf

$! k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf afnaflnsfx¿ s'kf]if0fsf]

lzsf/ xF'b} cfO{/x]sf 5g eg] !! k|ltzt afnaflnsfx¿

sdhf]/ /x]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . o:tf ;d:ofx¿nfO{

dWogh/ u/L cf]/]sn] afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/

Nofpg] p2]Zon] q}dfl;s ¿kdf x/]s afnljsf; s]Gb|df

cfpg] afnaflnsfx¿ / pgLx¿sf cleefjsx¿nfO{

e]nf u/L kf]if0f;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f, kf]if0f ;fdu|Lx¿

tof/ u/L agfP/ b]vfpg'sf ;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ v'jfpg]

ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/jt{g nufot ljleGg ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon]

o; jif{df ## j6f cled'vLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 h;df

afns #(& hgf / aflnsf %$) hgf u/L (#& hgfsf]


lszf]/L sIff ;~rfng ;fgf] pd]/df k9\gaf6 al~rt lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ k9\g]

jftfj/0f ug]{ / lszf]/L clwsf/af/] ;r]t u/fpg]

p2]Zon] bfª lhNnfsf] k8\9fdf ! j6f gd'gf lszf]/L sIff

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . lszf]/L sIff

;~rfng ug]{ qmddf lszf]/L sIffsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{

cf]/]s g]kfnåf/f ;~rflnt ultljlwx¿sf] af/]df yk

;+r]tgfd"ns ljifo / lszf]/L clwsf/af/] 5nkmn ug]{

ul/Psf] 5 .

:s'n lzIff :s'nx¿df % b]lv !) sIff;Dd cWog/t 5fq

5fqfx¿nfO{ afnclwsf/, n}+lËs lje]b, afn ljjfx,

of}g zf]if0f, of}glzIff, nfu'kbfy{n] :jf:Yodf kfg]{ c;/

nufotsf ljifodf la:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbO{ ;';"lrt

agfpg] p2]Zon] l;/xf / bfËdf :s"n lzIff ;~rfng

ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{df #! j6f sIff lnOPsf] lyof]

h;df ^@) hgf 5fqf / ^!@ hgf 5fq u/L hDdf !@#@


n}+lËs lje]b, of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL lzIfsx¿nfO{ @ lbg] tflnd

n}+lËs lje]b, of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/sf

af/]df cjwf/0ffut :ki6tf u/fpg'sf ;fy} ljBfno

/ ;dfhdf x'g] of}g lx+;fsf 36gf Go'gLs/0fsf] nflu

lzIfssf] e"ldsfnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg] p2]Zon] cf]/]s

/ lhNnf lzIff sfo{nosf] ;xsfo{df $ j6f uf=lj=;=

sf pRr df=lj=, df=lj=, lg=df=lj= / k|f=lj :s'nx¿sf

k|=c= / :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof k9fpg] lzIfsx¿nfO{ bfË

t'n;Lk'/df @)^( kmfNu'g !* / !( ut] @ lbg] tflnd

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df #) hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

afnclwsf/ sfo{qmd

cled'vLs/0f afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ afn clwsf/, n}+lËs lje]b / lx+;f,

of}g zf]if0f, :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{, lszf]/fj:yfdf cfpg]


afnclwsf/ tyf g]t[Tj ljsf;;DaGwL # lbg] tflnd

cf]/]s g]kfn bfË zfvfsf] cfof]hgfdf 6/LufpF, p/x/L,

dfgk'/, >LufpF / x]s'nL uflj;sf !) j6f afn ;d"xsf

;b:ox¿nfO{ afnclwsf/ tyf g]t[Tj ljsf;;DaGwL

# lbg] tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{

afnclwsf/ / g]t[Tj ljsf;;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbO{

Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg pTk|]l/t ug]{ p2]]Zon] ;~rfng

ul/Psf] o; tflnddf !) hgf afns / !@ hgf aflnsf

u/L hDdf @@ hgf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

lyof] .

afn e]nf afn lasf; s]Gb|af6 ljBfno k9\g uPsf

afnaflnsfx¿sf] cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg / x/]s afn ;d"xn]

u/]sf ultljlwx¿sf] ;dLIff ug]{ p2]Zon] bfËdf % j6f

uflj;sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ @ j6f afne]nf

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df aflnsf *$ hgf / afns

%^ hgf u/L !$) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k9\g ;xof]u cfly{s tyf cGo sf/0fn] cfˆgf] k9fO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg

g;s]sf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf / lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cf]/]sn] l;/xf / bfËdf k9\gsf] nflu

afns !$ hgf / aflnsf %( hgf u/L hDdf &#

hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;xof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

Affn k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmd

afnaflnsfsf] af}l4s tyf l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf]

ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'sf] ;fy} afnaflnsfx¿sf]

cfjfhnfO{ k|:km'6g ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{

u/fpg] p2]Zon] afn ;~hfnsf] cfof]hgf / cf]/]ssf]

;xof]udf afnaflnsfx¿sf] aLrdf lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf,

jSt[Tjsnf, s';L{bf}8, sljtf k|ltof]lutf nufotsf

ultljlwx¿ u/fOPsf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf, bf];|f]

/ t];|f] x'g] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg:j¿k k'/:sf/

ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .


dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb| …5xf/LÚ

-u_ %


cf]/]s g]kfnn] dgf]/~hg If]qdf sfo{/t dlxnfx¿sf]

clwsf/sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t u/L cfˆgf]

clwsf/sf nflu cfkm} jsfnt ug{ ;Sg] tj/n] Ifdtf

clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] cfˆgf ;d:ofx¿ jf s'/f /fVg]

ynf] -8«lkË ;]G6/_ sf] ¿kdf @))$ dfr{ ^ b]lv Osf]

g]b/Nof08sf] ;xof]udf dlxnf k/fdz{ s]Gb| …5xf/LÚ

sf] :yfkgf u/L sfd ug{ ;'?jft ul/Psf] xf] . ljz]if

u/L dgf]/~hg If]qdf sfo{/t cfGtl/s ¿kn] lj:yflkt

dlxnfx¿sf nflu d'Votof :jf:Yo ;]jf, ;"rgf /

dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] tyf clwsf/sf] af/]df

;';"lrt ug]{, pgLx¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t x'g ;xhLs/0f ug'{sf

;fy} cgf}krfl/s If]qdf sfo{/t >lds dlxnfx¿sf]

sfdsf] sfg'gL dfGotf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/sf]

;'lglZrttfsf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ p2]Zo o; sfo{qmdsf]

/x]sf] lyof] .

b]zdf ePsf] ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf cfGtl/s ¿kdf

lj:yfkg x'g] ;d:ofn] 7"nf] ¿k lnof] . kmn:j¿k

u|fdL0f If]qaf6 lj:yflkt lszf]/L tyf dlxnfx¿ cfˆgf]

hLjgofkgsf] nflu h:tf];'s} hf]lvdk"0f{ >d ug{

klg afWo eP . o;/L lj:yflkt eP/ cfpg] dlxnf

jf lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof sf7df08f}+df dfq} @ nfveGbf

a9L ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L cfˆgf] 7fFpaf6

aflx/ hfg] qmddf kof{Kt ;"rgfsf] cefjdf pgLx¿

a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/, of}gzf]if0f, >dzf]if0f nufot

cGo ljleGg lx+;fdf kg{ afWo x'g ;S5g\ eGg] dfGotfn]

cf]/]sn] dgf]/~hg If]qdf sfo{/t >lds dlxnfx¿sf]

Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L pgLx¿nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg]

p2]Zon] ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflndx¿, cled'vLs/0fx¿

/ j}slNks /f]huf/Lsf] nflu kxn u/L ;Lk IfdtfnfO{

ljsf; ub}{ bIf agfpgdf d2t ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 .

cgf}krfl/s If]qdf sfo{/t dlxnfx¿ cfkm} ;ª\ul7t eO{

cfˆgf] ;jfnsf] cfkm}+n] g]t[Tj ug]{ / cfˆgf] clwsf/sf]

nflu cfkm}+n] k}/jL ug{ ;Sg] agfpg cf]/]sn] sfo{qmdsf]

;'?jftb]lv g} pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 / ;+:yfut

ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'sf ;fy} cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} qmddf @)^$ ;fndf dlxnfsf]

lglDt dlxnf d~r g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . of]

;+:yf cgf}krfl/s tyf dgf]/~hg If]qdf sfo{/t >lds

dlxnfx¿n] :yfkgf u/]sf] klxnf] ;+:yf xf] . xfn;Dd

o; ;ª\u7gdf %)) hlt dlxnfx¿ ;ª\ul7t eO{;s]sf

5g\ .

dlxnfsf] lglDt dlxnf d~r g]kfnsf] ;+:yfut

;jnLs/0f / ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg] qmddf ;b:ox¿sf]

Ifdtf clea[l4 ub}{ ;+:yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg cf]/]sn]

ljut # jif{b]lv ;a} sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{

dlxnfsf] lglDt dlxnf d~r g]kfn;Fu ;xsfo{ ub{}

cfO/x]sf] lyof] . o;} ;Gbe{df @)&) >fj0f & ut]

/fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] xndf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]

pkl:yltdf cf]/]sn] dlxnfsf] lglDt dlxnf d~rnfO{

cf}krfl/s ¿kdf cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx¿ x:tfGt/0f

u/]sf] 5 .

dlxnf :jf:Yo k/fdz{ s]Gb| ‘5xf/L’


lbuf] zflGtsf nflu ;xh cleofg

-3_


lj=;= @)^$ df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eO{ :yfkgf

ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿sfaLr ;xdlt

/ ;xsfo{ h'6\g g;Sbf $ jif{kl5 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf]

klxnf] d:of}bf;d]t hf/L gu/L lj36g eof] . ;+ljwfg

;efsf] lj36g;Fu} b]zdf /fhgLlts cGof}ntf a9\b}

uPsf] 5 eg] zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof cf]´]ndf k/]sf] 5 .

;z:q dfcf]jfbL åGåkZrft\ g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{

6'+uf]df k'¥ofpgsf nflu /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿sfaLr

ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf jftf{x¿, k|ltj4tf / ;Demf}tfx¿

ul/P t/ ljleGg sfnv08df u/]sf zflGt jftf{ tyf

;Demf}tfx¿sf] dd{x¿nfO{ la;]{/ bnx¿ ;Qfsf] df]xdf

dfq cNdlnbf b]zdf /fhgLlts cGof]ntf l;h{gf x'g'sf

;fy} zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof 6'+uf]df k'Ug ;s]g . /fhgLlts

cGof}ntfsf sf/0f ;+qmd0fsfn nlDab} hfgfn] b]zdf

b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[lt df}nfpFb} uPsf] 5 . JolQmsf] :jtGq

¿kn] afFRg kfpg], sfd ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ /fHon]

;'lglZrt ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . o;/L b]zdf a9\b}

uO/x]sf] /fhg}lts cGof]ntf / b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfsf

sf/0f cfd g]kfnLn] zflGt, ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ kfPsf

5}gg\ .

To;}n] oL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ b]zdf gofF

;+ljwfg cfpg'sf ;fy} lbuf] zflGt / ;fdflhs

Gofosf] :yfkgf x'g' kb{5 . cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf]

k"0f{k|Tofe"lt ljgf b]zdf lbuf] zflGt c;Dej 5 . lbuf]

zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf

;xefuL u/fpFb}, pgLx¿sf clwsf/x¿nfO{ ;'lglZrt

ug{ /fHoaf6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjAofkL dfGotfx¿nfO{

cjnDjg ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy cf]/]s g]kfnn]

dfgj clwsf/ / lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf] nflu :yfgLo

:t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd lbuf] zflGtsf nflu ;xh

cleofg ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

/0fg}lts d'2fx¿ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo

clx+;fTds ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;

d'Vo p2]Zo lbuf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;'lgZrt ug{ o'jf, dlxnf

tyf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu

;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

lglb{i6 p2]Zox¿ !_ dfgj clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf dlxnf / k5fl8 kfl/Psf

;d"x÷;d'bfosf] Gofosf nflu k}/jL ug]{ .

@_ dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu o'jf, dlxnf, tyf

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

#_ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu o'jf tyf dlxnfsf] cu'jfO{df

bafa cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ .

$_ ;+qmd0fsflng Gofo kfpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{sf

nflu ;d'bfo / lhNnf :t/sf ;~hfn, ;d"x,

;ldlt cflbsf] ;jnLs/0f ug]{ .

;DkGg ultljlwx¿

cled'vLs/0f b]zsf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f a9\b} uPsf]

b08xLgtfsf sf/0f xfd|f] ;dfhsf x/]s tx / tKsfdf

ljleGg :j¿ksf lx+;fx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . dflg;x¿n]

cfˆgf] clwsf/ / ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ kfPsf 5}gg .

To;}n] x/]s JolQmn] dfgj clwsf/sf] kl/kfngf,

clx+;fTds k4ltsf] cjnDjg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf

/x]sf] 5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L cf]/]sn]

uf=lj=;= tyf lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/, clx+;fTds lzIff,

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/, cfly{s, ;fdflhs /

;f+:s[lts clwsf/, !#@% / !*@) / ;+qmd0fsflng

Gofo nufotsf ljleGg ljifodf dlxnf, k'?if,

o'jfx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ p2]Zon] ljleGg lhNnfdf %##

j6f cled'vLs/0f tyf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df

!)&!^ hgf dlxnf / $@^# hgf k'?ifsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

lbuf] zflGtsf nflu ;xh cleofg


j8f ;Djfb zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu o'jfx¿sf] g]t[Tj / cf]/]ssf]

;xsfo{df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] bafa cleofgnfO{ :yfgLo

:t/df c´ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg cf]/]ssf] sfo{/t

lhNnfx¿df !^% j6f j8f ;Djfb sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df @()( hgf dlxnf / @*^^ hgf

k'?if u/L hDdf %&&% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] x/]s /fhgLlts kl/jt{g, nf]stGqsf]

:yfkgf / cGo ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngx¿df o'jfx¿sf]

dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg /lxcfPsf] 5 . ljutdf ePsf

zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng, b; jif{] ;z:q åGåsfn, dw]z

cfGbf]ng, y¿x6 cfGbf]ng nufotsf cf:yf / klxrfgsf

cfGbf]ngx¿ ;a}df o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf]

5 . To;}n] b]zdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf]

cGTo u/L lbuf] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ 6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg /

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/

/ hjfkmb]xL agfpg km]]/L o'jfx¿sf] ;lqmo e"ldsfsf]

cfjZostf /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L o:tf ;Djfb

sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] lyof] .

lhNnf tyf uf=lj=;= :t/df zflGt ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo a}7s

:yfgLo :t/df dlxnf clwsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/sf]

k|j4{gsf nflu cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;a} k|ltj4 / lhDd]jf/

/xgsf nflu 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn,

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfn, gful/s ;~hfn /

zflGt ;ldlt nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo

a}7ssf] cfof]hgf u/L ;do ;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/

5nkmn ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

zflGt, ;+ljwfg / dfgj clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos lhNnf tyf uflj; :t/Lo uf]i7L

/fhg}lts bnx¿sfaLrdf ljutsf $ jif{df ;xdlt /

Pstf sfod x'g g;Sbf ;+ljwfg n]vg / zflGt k|lqmofsf]

dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ k"/f geO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cGTo ePsf]

5 . of] /fhgLlts cGof]nsf] cj:yfaf6 b]znfO{ lgsf;

lbg cToGt h?/L 5 . To;}n] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / lbuf]

zflGt :yfkgfsf] nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf ;lqmo x'gkg]{

cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L zflGt, ;+ljwfg / dfgj

clwsf/sf] nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos lhNnf tyf

uflj; :t/Lo uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

jt{dfg kl/j]zdf x/]s s'/fsf] kl/jt{gsf] ;Djfxs

eg]sf o'jfx¿ g} x'g\ . To;}n] o'jf ju{n] cfˆgf]

:yfgaf6 h] ug{ ;lsG5 ;s/fTds kl/jt{gsf] nflu

cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 . t/ tL ;a} sfo{ ubf{

cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] l;4fGtnfO{ s;}n] klg la;{g'

x'b}g eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; u/L Jojxfl/s ¿kdf nfu"

ug{'kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ o'jf

ju{n] uDeL/ ¿kdf lnP/ lbuf] zflGt, dfgj clwsf/ /

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu ;dod} kxn ug]{5g\ eGg] of]

sfo{qmdaf6 ck]Iff /fvL lhNnf :t/df ̂ j6f / uf=lj=;=

:t/df #& j6f uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] h;df !@(#


dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf ljifos lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

lhNnfdf 36]sf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfsf] cj:yf / dfgj

clwsf/ xgg\sf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L dfgj clwsf/

;Dj4{g / k|jw{gsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsfsf]

vf]hL ug]{ p2]Zon] lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/ tyf dlxnf

clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfx¿aLr cGt/lqmof

ul/Psf] lyof] . b]zdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] b08xLgtfsf]

cGTo / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / k|j4{g ug{ dfgj

clwsf/sdL{, gful/s ;dfh, k]zfsdL{ / k|x/L k|zf;gn]

s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos 5 eGg] ;Gbe{nfO{

lnP/ df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, pbok'/, l;/xf, wg'iff / bfË

lhNnfdf ljleGg r/0fdf ul/Psf o:tf cGt/lqmofdf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf k|ltlglwx¿ / /fli6«o

dlxnf cfof]usf k|ltlglwx¿sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf]

lyof] .

5nkmnsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿af6 p7]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ x]bf{

b08xLgtf a9]sf], ljlwsf] zf;g gePsf], ;Qf kIf tyf

k|ltkIf b'j} cfGbf]ngsf] tof/Ldf nfu]sf] o; cj:yfn]

dlxnf, tdfd k]zfsdL{ / gful/s ;dfh b'j}nfO{ c´

a9L c;'/lIft / kLl8t x'g] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 .

o;sf] d'Vo h8 eg]sf] /fhg}lts bnx¿aLrsf] c;xdlt

/ ;xsfo{ x'g g;Sg' g} xf] . To;nfO{ lrg{sf] nflu


k]zfsdL{ tyf gful/s ;fdh cufl8 cfpg cfjZos

/x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfNb} /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿;Fu klg o;

ljifodf uDeL/ eP/ 5nkmn ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] .

zflGt / dfgj clwsf/ k|j{4gsf] nflu ldl8ofx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof

lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf]

cj:yfnfO{ phfu/ u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dj]bgzLn

/ hjfkmb]xL agfpg ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] ul//x]sf] cfˆgf]

e"ldsfnfO{ c´ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg dfgj clwsf/ /

dlxnf clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f u/L vf]hd"ns

n]v tyf ;dfrf/x¿ ;Dk]|if0f / k|;f/0f u/L dfgj clwsf/

k|j4{g / zflGt k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg sf7df08f}+,

df]/Ë, bfË, l;/xf, pbok'/ / s}nfnLdf kqsf/x¿;Fu !

lbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf

!%^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/f}+, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg u/f}+ -dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf ljifos ax; sfo{qmd _

dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn pbok'/sf] ;Dof]hg / cf]/]s

g]kfnsf] cu'jfO{df c;f]h # ut] tyf !( ;]K6]Dj/ @)!@

sf] lbg lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] pkl:ytdf

dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf / jif{ k':ts ;dLIff;DaGwL !

lbg] ax; ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/

/ zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu

5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . pbok'/ lhNnfdf !& k'if )^*

b]lv !& ciff9 )^( ;Ddsf] cjlwdf @@ j6f dfgj

clwsf/ xgg\sf uDeL/ 36gf 36]sf] k|ltj]bg klg k|:t't

ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} pbok'/ lhNnfsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d]6]/

tof/ ul/Psf] k':ts pbok'/df dfgj clwsf/s]f cj:yf

sf] af/]df ;dLIff klg ul/Psf] lyof] .

o;/L ;~rfng ul/Psf] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ax;n]

pbok'/ lhNnfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/d}qL ;+:s[ltsf]

ljsf;df ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t eO{ dfgj clwsf/nfO{

;Ddfg ug]{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g] / of] Pp6f gd"gf

lhNnf aGg] ck]Iff /flvPsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf ^!


dfgj clwsf/ / zflGt k|j4{g ljifos @ lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

lhNnf :t/Lo zflGt ;ldlt ;'g;/L / cf]/]s g]kfnsf]

;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf lhNnf / uf=lj=;=sf zflGt ;ldltsf

;b:ox¿df åGå / zflGt;DaGwL a'emfO{nfO{ cem :ki6

agfO{ åGå ljZn]if0fsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{, zflGt

/ dfgj clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu zflGt ;ldltsf]

e"ldsfsf] ;dLIff u/L cfufdL lbgdf e"ldsfnfO{ cem

k|efjsf/L agfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ / !#@%, !*@) /

o; ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf] sfo{of]hgfsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L

u/fpg] / zflGt ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf]

af/]df;d]t la:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] ldlt

@)^(÷^÷@* b]lv @( ;Dd la/f6gu/df @ lbg] sfo{zfnf

uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dlxnf !) hgf

/ k'?if #) hgf u/L hDdf $) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

lyof] .

dgf]ljdz{sf] cfjZostf / s]Gb|sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg;DaGwL @ lbg] uf]i7L

cf]/]s g]kfnn] df]/Ë lhNnfsf] uf]ljGbk'/ uf=lj=;=

nufot cGo uf=lj=;= x¿df dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb| ;~rfng

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb|sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu

:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsf a9fpgsf nflu ut

jif{b]lv cf]/]sn] dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g

u/L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ # lbg] tflnd

lbO;s]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] cfkm"n] tflnd

lnO;s] kl5 uf=lj=;=sf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ klg

o; ljifodf ;Dj]bgzLn / lhDd]jf/ agfpg h?/L /x]sf]


s'/f cg'e"lt ub}{ ;ldlt / uf=lj=;=sf] ;xsfo{df @ lbg]

dgf];fdflhs ljdz{sf] cfjZostf / dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb|sf]

lbuf] Joj:yfkg;DaGwL @ lbg] uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf]

lyof] h;df !$ hgf dlxnf / @% hgf k'?if u/L hDdf

#( hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu lbuf] zflGt laifos @ lbg] sfo{zfnf uff]i7L

lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfdf o'jfx¿sf]

e"ldsf ljifos @ lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cf]/]sn] ;DkGg

u/]sf] 5 . lbuf] zflGt / lbuf] ljsf; lsg cfjZos

5, lbuf] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf

s:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn u/L lbuf]

zflGt :yfkgfsf] nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ lqmofzLn

agfpg bfª lhNnfdf o'jfx¿;Fu lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu

lbuf] zflGt laifos @ lbg] sfo{zfnf uff]i7L ;DkGg

ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df % j6f uf=lj=;=sf !& j6f Snasf

;b:ox¿ hDdf @# hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿n] cfˆgf] Snasf]

cfof]hgfdf -!_ zflGt / dfgj clwsf/ ljifodf

;fd'bflos ax; !) j6f -@_ ablnbf] kl/l:ytLdf

/fhgLlt / ;+lawfg ;ef laifodf ! lbg] uf]i7L @) j6f

ug]{ u/L sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP .

lbuf] zflGt / dfgj clwsf/sf] nflu /]l8of] cleofg

cf]/]s g]kfnn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] pbok'/;Fusf] ;xsfo{df

æ;dodf ;+ljwfg /]l8of] cleofgÆ eGg] sfo{qmd

;~rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . o;}ul/ cGo lhNnfx¿df

klg cGo /]l8of];Fu ;xsfo{ u/L lbuf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf

nflu bjfj cleofgdfkm{t /]l8of] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOPsf] 5 . ;d'bfo :t/df /]l8of] ;|f]tf Snjx¿ u7g u/L

sfo{qmdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / o;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]

af/]df k[i7kf]if0f lng] sfd ul/G5 . dfgj clwsf/, zflGt

/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu bjfj l;h{gf ug{ ;xhLs/0f

ug]{ p2]Zo cg'¿k ;~rflnt o; sfo{qmddf ljleGg

/fhlgtLs kfl6{sf g]tfx¿ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]

ljrf/;Fu} ;d'bfosf dlxnf, k'?if / o'jfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f

/ ljrf/nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/]sf] 5 .

pbok'/ lhNnfsf o'jfx¿sf] ;d:ofx¿ / ;jfn klxrfg ljifos ! lbg] cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd

cf]/]s g]kfn pbok'/ / o'jf dxf;ª\3 pbok'/sf] ;+o'Qm

cfof]hgfdf pbok'/ lhNnfdf /x]sf] o'jfx¿sf] ;jfn tyf

;d:ofx¿ klxrfg u/L !@ cf}+ cGt/fli6«o o'jf lbj;sf]

cj;/df ;/f]sf/jfnf ;fd' k|:t't u/L pSt ;jfnnfO{

;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L of]hgf agfpg k}/jL ug]{ p2]Zon] ldlt

@)^(.$.@& ut]sf lbg ufO{3f6df ! lbg] sfo{qmdsf]

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf pbok'/sf !^

j6f uf=lj=;=sf !# hgf dlxnf / !* hgf k'?if u/L #!

hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmddf o'jfx¿n]

ef]uL/x]sf lgltut / /fhg}lts ;d:ofx¿, n}+lËs tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:of nufotsf ;jfndf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg / o;sf] Go"gLs/0fsf] pkfosf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfo s] x'g ;S5 / s;sf] lhDd]jf/L sxfF /xG5 eGg] af/]df klg 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

lbuf] zflGt lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x¿ / pbok'/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf ljifos lhNnfdf cGt/lqmof

hghflt dxf;ª\3sf] / cf]/]s g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm

cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)^(.^.!# ut] lbuf] zflGt lgdf{0fsf

cfwf/x¿ / pbok'/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf ljifos lhNnfdf

cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm

sfo{qmddf !* hgf dlxnf / @( hgf k'?if u/L $&

hgfsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . lbuf] zflGt lgdf{0fsf]

cfwf/x¿ vf]hL u/L To;nfO{ sfo{Gjog k|lqmofdf nfgsf]

nflu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf ljz]if u/L /fhgLlts

bnx¿nfO{ o; ljifodf Wofgsif{0f u/fpg' /x]sf] lyof] .

cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL ax;

dfgjclwsf/ dflg; ePsf sf/0fn] k|fKt x'g] clwsf/

x'g\ h;sf] ;Ddfg, k|j4{g, ;+/If0f / kfngf ug'{

csf]{ JolQm, ;dfh, /fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] st{Jo

cGtu{t kb{5 . dfgj clwsf/nfO{ kfFr efudf ljefhg

ug{ ;lsG5 h:tf] gful/s clwsf/, /fhgLlts clwsf/,

cfly{s clwsf/, ;fdflhs clwsf/ / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ .

oL clwsf/x¿ dWo] jt{dfg cj:yfdf gful/s clwsf/,


/fhgLlts clwsf/sf] af/]df a9L dfqfdf 5nkmn /

ax; x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s clwsf/ / ;fdflhs clwsf/

clwsf/sf] If]qdf hlt ax; x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt ePsf]

kfO{b}g To;}n]] cfly{s / ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] af/]df x/]s

JolQm ;';"lrt x'g cfjZos /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ cfTdf;ft

ub}{ cf]/]sn] :yfgLo :t/df o:tf ax; sfo{qmdx¿sf]

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; jif{df

^% j6f ax; rnfOPsf] lyof] h;df !(^$ hgfsf]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] eg] pbok'/df dfgjclwsf/

;~hfn / cf]/]s g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{df cfly{s, ;dflhs

/ ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ o'jfsf] ;/f]sf/ eGg] laifodf

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf

ljleGg bnsf o'jf, kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/ tyf dlxnf

clwsf/sdL{ / cGo ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿ u/L hDdf $)

hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/ d}qL pGd'v sfo{of]hgf ;dLIff tyf of]hgf th'{df

cf]/]s g]kfn / dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfnsf] cfof]hgfdf

dfgj clwsf/ d}qL pGd'v sfo{of]hgf ;dLIff tyf

of]hgf lgdf{0f;DaGwL ! lbg] uf]i7L ldlt @)^(.(.!@ ut]

/fhfjf;df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnfdf

ljleGg ;jfndf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf dfgj

clwsf/ ;~hfnsf ;a} ;b:ox¿sf] -dlxnf !# hgf

/ k'?if @# hgf u/L hDdf #^ hgf_ pkl:yt /x]sf]

lyof] . dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn pbok'/n] ! jif{ cl3

pbok'/ lhNnfnfO{ s;/L dfgj clwsf/d}qL pGd'v

lhNnfsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 / To;sf] nflu

s] s] ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df jflif{s

of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L ;f] cg';f/sf] sfd klg u/]sf] lyof] .

o;}sf] ;dLIff ub}{ gofF of]hgf th'{df ug{ of] uf]i7Lsf]

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;~hfnsf tkm{af6

o;/L sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfd ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] / ;a}n]

lhDd]jf/L klg af]w ug]{ cg'ej /fv]sf lyP . To;sf/0f

o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu ! jif]{ gofF sfo{ of]hgf

tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

/0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL ! lbg] uf]i7L dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn / cf]/]s pbok'/sf] ;xsfo{df

dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn pbok'/sf] # jif]{ /0fg}lts of]hgf

tof/ ug{sf nflu ! lbg] uf]i7L @)&).@.( ut] pbok'/

ufO{3f6df ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;~hfnsf] ;+:yfut

ljsf; ug]{, ;a}sf nflu ;a} dfgj clwsf/ eGg] gf/fnfO{

;a} If]qdf nfu' ug]{ p2]Zon] /0fg}lts of]hgf tof/

ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd

ug]{ ;ª\3;+:yf / kqsf/x¿ u/L #^ hgfsf] -dlxnf !#

hgf dlxnf / @# hgf k'?ifx¿_ ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fd'lxs k|ltj4tf;lxt dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f

/ k|j4{gsf nflu ;a}df ;r]tgf, Wofgsif{0f u/fpg

;xhLs/0f ug'{sf ;fy} k}/jL ug]{ p2]Zon] sfd ul//x]sf]

dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfnsf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu

/0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] xf] .

;~hfnn] pbok'/ lhNnfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ d}qL lhNnf

3f]if0ffsf] nflu ljut @ jif{ cufl8 /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;dGjodf dfgj clwsf/ lzIffsf]

nflu jflif{s of]hgf;d]t tof/ u/L cleofgd'vL sfdx¿

klg ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . o;/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ;jfnnfO{

cuf8L a9fpg] qmddf ;~hfnsf] sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltsf]


cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'; ub}{ o; jif{ /0fg}lts of]hgf

tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/sNkgf ;a} dfgjclwsf/ ;a}sf nflu / ;fdflhs

Gofo;lxtsf] ;dfh .

Wo]o dfgjclwsf/ ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ .

nIo zflGt / ;'zf;gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ . ;~hfnnfO{

dfgjclwsf/ cleofgsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

dfgjclwsf/sf nflu ;a} If]q / txdf hgjsfnt

/ hgdt lgdf{0f ug]{ .

p2]Zo dfgjclwsf/ 1fgnfO{ ;+:sf/sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

b08xLgtfsf] cGTo / sfg'gL /fHo lgdf{0fsf nflu

;fy{s k|of; ug]{ .

o;}u/L bfË lhNnfdf klg ldlt @)^( ;fn kmfu'g @( ut]

dfgjclwsf/ ;~hfn bfª / cf]/]s g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{df

/0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf]

lyof] . bfË lhNnfsf] jt{dfg dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfnfO{

ljZn]if0f ub}{ dfgjclwsf/ k|j4{gsf nflu ;~hfnnfO{

yk lqmofzLn agfpg] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /0fgLlt

of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Ldf dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfnsf !%

hgf ;b:ox¿sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . pSt uf]i7Ldf

;~hfnsf] ;+u7gfTds :j?k, /0fgLlt, sfo{gLltsf]

af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;~hfnsf] ultljlwnfO{

;'Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpgsf] nflu

;~hfnsf] -sfo{lgtL_ lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug{ s]zjs'df/

zdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;ldlt u7g u/L lhDd]jf/L lbPsf]

5 .

zflGt / ;+ljwfg nflu xfd|f] e"ldsf ljifos If]qLo uf]i7L

kfl6{x¿sf] aLrdf ;Qf s]lGb|t /fhgLlt, cGt/lj/f]w /

Ps csf{aLr a9\b} uPsf] cljZjf;n] /fhg}lts bnx¿sf

aLrdf ;xdlt, ;xsfo{ / Pstf x'g g;Sbf ;+ljwfg

n]vg / zflGt k|lqmofsf] dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ aLrdf g}

cnkq eO{ kl//x]sf] / yk ul/Psf] ;do ;Ldfleq

klg ;+ljwfg n]vgsfo{df g]tfx¿ ;Dj]bgzLn

gb]lvPsfn] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknlAwnfO{ u'Dg

glbg ;dodf ;+ljwfg / lbuf] zflGtsf nflu /fhgLlts

kfl6{x¿sfaLrdf /x]sf] cGof]ntf / cljZjf;sf]

l:yltnfO{ lrb}{ ;dembf/Lsf] nflu bjfj lbg cfjZostf

/x]sf] dx;'; u/L @)^(÷(÷^ ut] lj/f6gu/df dlxnf

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿, /fhgLlts kfl6{sf k|ltlglwx¿

/ ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:yltdf zflGt /

;+ljwfgsf nflu xfd|f] e"ldsf ljifos ! lbg] lhNnf

:t/Lo uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf @& hgfsf]


sfo{qmddf 5nkmnkZrft /fhgLlts kf6L{sf

k|ltlglwx¿n] 5nkmndf p7]sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ cfˆgf]

kfl6{sf] lhDd]jf/ txdf nuL Wofgfsif{0f ug'{sf ;fy}

o; ;jfndf uDeL/tfk"j{s e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ k|ltj4tf

hgfPsf lyP / ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwn] dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] of] cleofgdf ;a} Psj4 eP/ nfUg]

ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP .

lbuf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf ljifos 5nkmn

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf eO{/x]sf] l9nfO{k|lt ;ef;b / /fhgLlts kfl6{sf g]tfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 ljleGg bjfjd"ns sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf l;/xf, pbok'/, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, wg'iff / bfËdf lbuf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf ljifos ^ j6f 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm 5nkmn sfo{qmddf @!^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


lbuf] zflGt:yfkgfdf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] e"ldsf / r'gf}tL ljifos uf]i7L

lbuf] zflGt / ;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf nflu dlxnf dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf]tkm{af6 lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfaf/]

5nkmn ug{] / o;nfO{ c´ k|efjsf/L agfpg s] ug{

cfjZos eGg] ;Gbe{df 5nkmn u/L /0fgLlt tof/

ug{sf nflu cf]/]s g]kfn tyf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/

/Ifs ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf jt{dfg /fhgLlts

cGof]nsf] kl/l:ytLdf lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfdf dlxnf

dfgjclwsf/ /Ifssf] e"ldsf tyf ;d:of / r'gf}tL

laifos ! lbg] uf]i7L bfË 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿n] @)^@÷ ^# df lgjf{x

u/]sf] e"ldsf, / To; kl5sf lbgdf lbuf] zflGt /

;+ljwfgsf nflu ljleGg r/0fdf u/]sf bjfjd"ns

lqmofsnfksf] ;dLIff ub}{ k|fKt pknlAw / ;fdgf ug'{

k/]sf ;d:of / r'gf}tLsf] af/]df klg 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf ca s;/L cufl8 hfg] eGg]

af/]df klg 5nkmn ub}{ dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn, gful/s

;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{ lbuf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf

nflu sfd ug'{kg]{ lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf

$) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

jt{dfg ;jfn / dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ljifos cGt/lqmof

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj !#@% / !*@)

n] zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf dlxnfx¿sf] k"0f{;xeflutf

x'g'kg{] / åGåsf] ;dodf of}g lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnfx¿sf]

Gofosf] s'/fnfO{ p7fpF5 . g]kfnn] oL b'j} k|:tfjx¿sf]

sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o of]hgf klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

of] nufot g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fHosf] x/]s lgsfodf ##

k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf klg u/]sf]

5 t/ Jojxf/df eg] !#@% / !*@) sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f

b]lv sfof{Gjogsf] :t/df u|fdL0f, åGå kLl8t dlxnfsf]

k"0f{;xeflutf gePsf] cj:yf 5 . oxL ljifonfO{ lnP/

;dLIff ub}{ !#@% / !*@) sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf]

af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cf]/]ssf]

sfo{/t lhNnf ´fkf, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, pbok'/, l;/xf, bfË

/ s}nfnLdf !& j6f 5nkmn sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] .

h;df ^!@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

o;}u/L pbok'/df cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'g, ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;ª\3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g=!#@% / !*@)sf]

sfo{Gjogsf] ;jfndf jx; sfo{qmd ldlt @)^(.^.@#

ut] ufO{3f6df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L

/fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v, kqsf/ / o;;Fu ;/f]sf/

/fVg] ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwx¿sf]

pkl:ytdf of] sfo{qmddf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf

dlxnfx¿sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf / åGåsf] ;dodf dlxnf

tyf afnaflnsfx¿dfly ePsf of}g lx+;fsf 36gfsf

bf]ifLx¿nfO{ cfd dfkmL lbg gldNg] s'/fx¿ pNn]v ePsf]

x'bf of] k|:tfjnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ sfd ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf

/x]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df åGåsf] ;dodf ePsf

anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿sf] clxn] klg l/kf]l6{Ë ug{ ;Sg]

ljZjfl;nf] cfwf/ tof/ gePsf] x'Fbf kLl8tx¿n] Gofo

kfpg] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

!#@% / !*@) nfu' ug]{ ;b:o /fi6«x¿sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o

dfgjLo sfg'g afWosf/L aGb5 eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L

lbg] / !#@% / !*@) sf] sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf]

cj:yfsf] ;dLIffsf nflu of] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof]

h;df !( hgf dlxnf / @% hgf k'?if u/L $$ hgfsf]


åGå k|efljtx¿sf ;jfndf 5nkmn ljutsf] !@ jif]{ åGådf slt dflg;x¿n] Hofg u'dfpg'

k¥of] . slt kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ a]kQf kfl/Psf lyP /

slt kl/jf/ la:yflkt x'g k'u] eGg] af/]df :ki6 tYout

olsg x'g g;s] klg w]/} ;+Vofdf dflg;x¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf

kLl8t x'g k/]sf] xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfx g} 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt / 4Gb k|efljtx¿sf ;jfnsf

ljifonfO{ lnP/ cf]/]sn] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf åGå k|efljtx¿

kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ;zQmLs/0f,

;fdflhs k'gM PsLs/0f, kfl/jfl/s dgf]ljdz{, Ifdtf

clea[l4, ;fd'lxs ;+:d/0f / ;+qmd0fsflng Gofosf

nflu k}/jLsf] sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .


o;} qmddf of] jif{ åGå kLl8tx¿x¿sf] Gofosf] nflu

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdf åGå kLl8t dlxnfx¿sf]

k|ltlglwTj u/fpg'kg]{, pgLx¿n] kfpg] /fxt /

Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu cfjfh p7fg ug'{kg]{, j]kQf kfl/Psf

JolQmx¿sf] gfd ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ / åGå kLl8tx¿sf]

cfde]nf u/L pgLx¿sf] dd{ / egfO{ cg';f/ ;/sf/n]

sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfd ug'{kg]{ nufotsf ;jfnnfO{ k|d'v

d'2f agfP/ cf]/]sn] ́ fkf, df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, pbok'/, l;/xf

/ bfËdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu lhNnf tyf uf=lj=;= :t/df

@# j6f cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] To;df *(& hgfsf]


zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos 5nkmn

ljutdf eP u/]sf /fhgLlts ;xdlt / ;DEfmf}tfsf]

lkmtnf] sfof{Gjog, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ljifo :ylut

ePsf] cj:yf /fhgLlts t/ntf / c;xdltsf sf/0f

b]zdf ;+qmd0fsfn nlDab} uPsf] 5 h;sf] df/ km]/L

klg dlxnf / afnaflnsfdf g} kg]{ 5 . b08xLgtfsf]

;+:s[lt a9\b} uPsf] 5 h;n] ljz]ifu/L åGå k|efljt,

n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ul/a, blnt /

k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d"x, ;d'bfo ;a}nfO{ uDeL/ / :tAw

agfPsf] 5 .

To;}n] dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;~hfn /

cf]/]s g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{df dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] !^ lbg]

cleofgsf] ;Gbe{df ;}GojfbnfO{ r'gf}tL lbb} dlxnf

lx+;f cGTo u/f }+ 3/b]lv ljZj;Dd zflGt lgdf{0f u/f }+

eGg] gf/fsf ;fy g]kfndf ……dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu

b]zdf zflGtM b]zdf zflGtsf nflu ;+ljwfg, ;+ljwfgsf

nflu /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg xfd|f]

;xsfo{ÚÚ eGb} /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf g]t[x¿ / dlxnf

dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿aLr zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf

nflu dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos

5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf &%

lhNnfsf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿, dlxnf g]t[x¿

u/L !)) hgf eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf pkl:yt dlxnf g]t[x¿ ;a}n] ;do ;Ldfleq

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f g} xfd|f] klxnf] k|fyldstf / cfjZostf

/x]sfn] xfdL ;a}n] /fhgLlts kfl6{x¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/

/ hjfkmb]xL agfpg bjfjd"ns sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbgkg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o;}u/L sfo{qmddf 5nkmn

kZrft kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf a[xt ¿kdf bjfjd"ns

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf klg tof/

ul/Psf] lyof] .

;fd"lxs ;+:d/0fsf lqmofsnfkx¿a]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/df ;fd"lxs ljsf; u/fpgsf

;fy} ;+qmd0fsflng Gofo cGt{ut a]kQf JolQmx¿sf]

;Ddfgdf :df/s lgdf{0f u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ ;To

tYo ;fj{hlgsLs/0f nufot cleof]hg Pjd\ ;+:yfut

;'wf/df bjfa l;h{gf ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfng ul/Psf]

;fd"lxs sfd xf] . o; cGt{ut emfkfsf a]kQf kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿n] dfO{wf/ klZrdkl§ a]kQft :df/s :tDe

tyf kfs{, df]/Ësf kl/jf/x¿n] sf]zL c~rn c:ktfn

kl/;/df la/fdL s'?jfx¿sf] nflu ;]jf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon]

k|ltIffno lgdf{0fsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} ;'g;/Lsf

kl/jf/x¿n] O6x/Lsf] tfntn}ofdf kmn}rf Pjd\ :df/s

lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o; sfo{n]

Psftk{m ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ emSemSofPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{

cfkm} ;jfndf ;+ul7t eO{ lhNnf :t/Lo ;~hfn -g]kmfQm_

u7g u/L k}/jL ub} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu tflndx¿ wf/0ffut ¿kdf :ki6tf Nofpg ;fy} ;Lk / Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] cf]/]sn] o; jif{df ljleGg lhNnfdf ljleGg ljifodf k'?if, dlxnf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿sf] nflu tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .


hLjgsf cfwf/zLnf tflnd hLjgsf cfwf/zLnf tflnd laz]iftM

dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf;lxtsf]

lbuf] zfflGt :yfkgfdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg]

p2]Zon] ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . z;:q

åGåsf] qmddf åGåaf6 k|efljt÷ kLl8t

JolQm tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{

cfˆgf] hLjg ;"rf? 9+Ën] cufl8

a9fpg] Ifdtf / ;Lksf] ljsf;df d2t

k'¥ofpFg] !@ j6f ljleGg cfwf/zLnfsf]

af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] ´fkf,

df]/Ë / ;'g;/L lhNnfdf # j6f tflnd

;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df dlxnf

() / k'?if @@ u/L hDdf !!@ hgfsf]


dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg tyf clen]vLs/0f s]; o"lg6sf] ;Lk tyf Ifdtf

clea[l4 M dfgj clwsf/ xgg\

sf 36gfx¿sf] Jojl:yt ¿kdf

clen]vg ug{ cf]/]s g]kfnn]

ljutsf jif{x¿b]lv g} ;Lk ljsf;

ug{ tflnd ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf]

5 .

s]; o"lg6;Fu 5nkmn M x/]s

dlxgfdf 36]sf 36gfsf] cj:yfnfO{

lnP/ 5nkmn ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

36gf cg'udg tyf clen]vLs/0f

M dfgj clwsf/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿

ljleGg lhNnfdf w]/} 36]sf ePtf

klg cf]/]sn] hDdf !^( j6f 36gfdf

cg'udg ug'{sf ;fy} clen]vg

ul/Psf] lyof] . 36gfsf] cg'udg

kZrft ;/f]sf/jfnf / dfgj clwsf/

;~hfnsf] clen]vg tyf cg'udg

ul/Psf] 5 . 36gfsf] cg'udgkZrft

cg'udgdf b]lvPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ ;a}sf]

cufl8 Nofpg'sf ;fy} dfgj clwsf/

tflnsf g= ^ Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu tflndx¿

lhNnf tflnd ljj/0f ;+Vof dlxnf k'?if

bfË k|:tfj tyf k|ltj]bg n]vg tflnd #

lbg]

! @$ * #@

cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts

clwsf/;DaGwL wf/0ffut :ki6tf #

lbg] tflnd

! @$ $ @*

o'jfx¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ / ;fdflhs

Gofo ljifos # lbg] tflnd

! !$ * @@

pbok'/ lbuf] zflGt / ;+qmd0fsflng Gofo

ljifos # lbg] tflnd

! !* !% ##

dlxnfjfbL Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd %

lbg]

! #@ #@

zflGt lzIff ljifos @ lbg] tflnd ! $ @( ##

l;/xf dfgj clwsf/ ljifos # lbg]

wf/0ffut :ki6tf tflnd

! @% @%


lbg]

! @@ @@

o'jfx¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ / ;fdflhs

Gofo ljifos # lbg] tflnd

! !@ !$ @^

wg'iff dlxnfjfbL Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd %

lbg]

! @& @&

dfgj clwsf/sf xgg\sf 36gf

cg'udg tyf clen]vLs/0f;DaGwL #

lbg] tflnd

! !* !% ##

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts

clwsf/ ljifos # lbg] tflnd

! !) @$ #$

df]/Ë ÷

;'g;/L


lbg]

@ %# %#

dfgj clwsf/sf xgg\sf 36gf

cg'udg tyf clen]vLs/0f;DaGwL #

lbg] tflnd # lbg]

@ ## !( %@

dgf]ljdz{ k'gtf{huL tflnd ! @* @*

hDdf !& #$$ !#^ $*)


cfof]u, ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ / ;~hfn;Fu 5nkmn u/L

cfjZos ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] .

dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs jf cGo ljleGg sf/0fn] dgf];fdflhs

;d:ofdf k/]sf dlxnf, k'?if tyf o'jfx¿sf] dgf];fdflhs

;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu cf]/]sn] :yfgLo :t/df

dgf];fdflhs ljdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 .

o; jif{df ^ j6f lhNnfdf ;~rflnt !% j6f dgf]ljdz{

s]Gb|af6 hDdf &** hgfnfO{ dgf]ljdz{ ul/Psf] 5 .

zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] nflu dlxnf bjfj cleofg

zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] nflu dlxnf bjfj cleofgn] ljut @

jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ ¿kdf lbuf] zflGt / dlxnfd}qL ;+ljwfg

lgdf{0fsf] nflu r/0fj4 ¿kdf cfˆgf ultljlwx¿ ub}{

cfO/x]sf] 5 . zflGt kb ofqf, wgf{, ef]sx8\tfn, ¥ofnL

nufot ax;, cGt/lqmof / Wofgfsif{0fkq, dfukq a'´fpg]

sfd klg ul/Psf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf ldlt @)&) a}zfv

!@ ut] ljlxaf/ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] nflu dlxnf bjfj

cleofgsf] tkm{af6 dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf]

/fli6«o ;~hfnsf cWoIf 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf

lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm lgns07 pk|]tLHo"nfO{ /

a}zfv !^ ut] dGqL kl/ifb\sf cWoIf >L lvn/fh /]UdLHo"

nufot /fhgLlts kfl6{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ cfufdL r'gfjdf

dlxnfsf] ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrttf, lgjf{rgsf]

ldlt to nufotsf ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ Wofgfsif{0f kq

a'´fO{Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿

/ cGo ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf] ;dGjodf df]/Ë, pbok'/, l;/xf,

bfË lhNnfdf klg k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t dGqL

kl/ifb\sf cWoIfnfO{ Wofgfsif{0f kq k7fOPsf] lyof] .

lrq g+ ^ = dgf]ljdz{ s]Gb|af6 ;]jf kfpg]sf] ;+Vof

!@ cf}+ o'jf lbj; /fi6«;ª\3n] ;g\ @)!) cu:t !@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ cu:t

!@ ;DdnfO{ …xfd|f] aif{, xfd|f] cfjfhÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy

o'jf jif{sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL

cg';f/ o; jif{ cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj; ;d[4 ljZj

lgdf0f{sf] nflu o'jf ;fem]bf/L

partnering with Youth eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dgfOPsf]

5 eg] g]kfndf


with Youth -;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu o'jf;Fusf]

;xsfo{_ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dgfOPsf] 5 .

;/sf/L tyf u}/;sf/L If]qaf6 o'jfnfO{ nlIft u/L

sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} o'jfx¿;Fu

;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf] cu'jfO{df /fli6«o

o'jf gLltsf] cfjZostf dxz'; ePkl5 /fhgLlts o'jf

;+u7g tyf u}/;sf/L o'jf ;+:yfx¿sf] kxndf g]kfn

;/sf/n] /fli6«o o'jf gLlt, @)^^ hf/L ePsf] cj:yf

5 . o'jf gLlt hf/L eP klg k|of{Kt sfg'g P]gsf] cefjn]

sfo{Gjog k|lqmof ;xh x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ . ljutb]lv cf]/]s

g]kfnn] pbok'/ lhNnfdf o'jfx¿sf] cu'jfO{ / ;xsfo{df

x/]s cui6 !@ nfO{ o'jf lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfpb} cfPsf]

5 . o; aif{ klg cf]/]s g]kfn, lhNnfsf] o'jf u};; ;ª\3,

o'jf ;d"x / ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;o'Qm cfof]hgfdf

ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L æ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf]

nflu o'jf;Fusf] ;xsfo{Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;ffy !@ cf}}+

o'jf lbj;sf] cj;/df o'jf dxT;jsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]

lyof] .

o'jfx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0f ub{} o'jf g]t[Tj / ;xsfo{df a[l4

ug]{ nIosf ;fy o'jf nlIft gLlt / sfg'gsf] af/]df

o'jfx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg], o'jfsf :yfgLo ;jfnx¿

klxrfg ug]{, o'jf gLlt, sfg'g tyf ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v

eP cg';f/sf lqmofsnfkdf ePsf] k|ult / To;n]

:yfgLo :t/df kf/]sf] k|efjsf af/]df 5nkmn u/L

o'jfsf] ;xeflutfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ / o'jfsf If]qdf

sfo{/t ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L / gLlh If]qnfO{ ;d]t

o'jfsf ;jfndf ;Dj]bgzLn eO{ ;sf/fTds / /rgfTds

;xof]u ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ p2]Zon] ljleGg ultljlwx¿

ul/Psf] lyof] .

o'jf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ax; sfo{qmd

zflGt k|j4{gsf nflu o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos

lhNnf :t/Lo uf]i7L

o'jf gLltsf] ;dLIff tyf 5nkmn

sljtf k|ltof]lutf

k|eft km]/L

/Qmbfg sfo{qmd

k|hgg\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL o'jfx¿nfO{ k/fdz{

@( cf}+ j]kQf kl/jf/ lbj;sf] cj;/df -j]kQf kl/jf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr cGt/lqmof

a]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/x¿ / ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr cGt/lqmof

´fkf, df]/Ë / ;'g;/L lhNnfdf a]kQf gful/ssf

kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿aLr cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug]{, cfˆgf

d'2fx¿df /fHo / /fhgLlts kfl6{nfO{ hjfkmb]xL

agfpg], /fxt gkfPsf kl/jf/sf] nflu ;xh tl/sfn]

/fxt Kofs]h pknAw u/fpg] / a]kQf gful/ssf] af/]df

;fj{hlgs ug{ bjfj k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] gful/s ;dfhsf

cu'jf, clwsf/sdL{x¿, k|x/L, k|zf;gsf k|ltlglwx¿

/ /fhgLlts kfl6{sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:yltdf ´fkf,

df]/Ë, ;'g;/L / pbok'/df lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof @

( cf}+ j]kQf kl/jf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df ;DkGg ul/Psf]

lyof] .

zflGt ;D´f}tfsf qmddf k|d'v d'2fdf /x]sf] ;To

lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u / a]kQf;DaGwL cfof]u

u7gsf] sfd ljutsf ;/sf/ / jt{dfg ;/sf/;d]tn]

u/]gg\ . o;sf] dtnj åGå k|efljtsf ;d:ofdf ;/sf/

/ /fhgLlts kfl6{ b'j} ;Dj]bgzLn 5}gg\ eGg] :ki6

ePsf] 5 eGb} kLl8t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] cfˆgf] u'gf;f]

/fv]sf lyP .


o;} u/L ´fkfdf df]/Ë, ;'g;/L, l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, pbok'/

/ wgs'6f lhNnfaf6 j]kQf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf]

;xeflutf If]qLo :t/df ank"j{s j]kQf kfg]{ sfo{

lj?2sf] @( cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o lbj;df j[Iff/f]k0f tyf

cGtlqmof sfo{qmd k|hfklt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf

;ldltsf cWoIf >L b'uf{ k|;fb lg/f}nfsf] cWoIftf

;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L,

g]kfn k|x/L emfkfsf P;=P;=kL=P;=kL= Pjd\ z;:q

k|x/L ansf P;=kL= nufotsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jf,

dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg

sfo{qmddf nueu #%) hgf eGbf a9Lsf] pkl:ylt

/x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdkZrft j]kQf gful/ssf] ;Demgfdf

;fd"lxs ¿kdf @)) lj?jf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] .

pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf j]kQf gful/ssf ;jfndf

/fHonfO{ lhDd]jf/ aGg bafa lbg] p2]Zon] /fli6«o j]kQf

kl/jf/ ;d"x -g]kmf8_ k"jf{~rnsf tkm{af6 ;d"xsf s]lGb|o

pkfWoIf >L ?k]z zfxåf/f k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t

k|wfgdGqLnfO{ Wofgfsif{0f a'emfOPsf] lyof] .

cGt/f{li6«o ljZj zflGt lbj;cGt/f{i6«o zflGt lbj; ;g\ !(*! df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf]

;fwf/0f ;efsf] k|:tfjgf #^÷^& n] kfl/t u/]sf] xf] .

;j{k|yd ;g\ !(*@ df zflGt lbj; dgfO{Psf] lyof]

/ ;g\ @))@ ;Dd x/]s jif{ ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfsf] t];|f]

d+unaf/ cGt/f{li6«o zflGt lbj; dgfO{Yof] . t/ kl5

cfP/ ;]K6]Da/ @! g} o; lbj; dgfpgsf nflu :yfoL

ldlt r'lgof] / @))@ b]lv x/]s jif{ ljZje/ g} of]

Ps}lbg “clx+;f / o'4lj/fd” sf] lbgsf] ¿kdf dgfO{b}

cfPsf] 5 . o; lbgnfO{ “lx+;f cGTo ePsf] lbg” sf]

;Demgfsf] ¿kdf klg dgfO{G5 . o; lbgn] ljleGg ljrf/

tyf ;Dk|bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df

sfd ug{sf nflu k|f]T;flxt u5{ . x/]s jif{ em} o; jif{

;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3n] l/of] Kn; 6\jf06Lsf] ;Dd]ngn] cGt/

f{li6«o gf/f M ælbuf] eljiosf nflu lbuf] zflGtÆ k|:tfj

ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ælbuf] zflGtsf nflu

/fhgLlts l:y/tfÆ nfO{ lnPsf] lyof] eg] cf]/]s g]kfnn]

ælbuf] zflGtsf nflu ;a}sf] k|ltj4tf / hjfkmb]lxtf

eGg] gf/fnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ljZj zflGt lbj; s]Gb| /

lhNnfx¿df dgfPsf] lyof] .


;DkGg ultljlwx¿ zflGt ¥ofnL tyf k|eft km]/L

;Ddfg–kq ljt/0f

jt{dfg /fhgLlts tyf ;+j}wflgs hl6ntf / o;sf] lgsf; ljifos ;Djfb sfo{qmd b]zdf Psflt/ /fhgLlts tyf ;+j}wflgs hl6ntfx¿

lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] / csf]{lt/ o;sf sf/0f

b08xLgtf klg a9\b} hfFbf cfd hgtfn] zflGt ;'/Iff /

dfgj clwsf/sf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f g} /x]g .

To;sf/0f lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf / ;+ljwfgsf nflu

jt{dfg /fhgLlts tyf ;+j}wflgs hl6ntfsf] oyfzL3|

lgsf; lgsfNg cfjZos /x]sfn] bnx¿nfO{ va/bf/L

ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

k"jf{~rn dfgj clwsf/ ;~hfn / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt,

df]/Ësf] ;xsfo{df ljZj zflGt lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df @!

;]K6]Da/, @)!@ sf lbg la/f6gu/df ! lbg] jt{dfg

/fhgLlts tyf ;+j}wflgs hl6ntf / o;sf] lgsf;

ljifos ;Djfb sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf Pdfn] g]tf k|lbk g]kfn, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf

ldg]Gb| l/hfn / P= g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lul//fhd0fL

kf]v/]n, nufot lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, k|x/L

k|d'v, dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;ª\3 ;+:yf,

gful/s cu'jfx¿, zflGt ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, /fhgLlts

kfl6{sf lhNnf k|ltlglwx¿, sfg'g Joj;foL, kqsf/,

o'jf, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ u/L sl/a %))

hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

zflGt ;a} g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf ePsf] x'gfn] o;sf]

nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfn] cfˆgf] txaf6 ;sf/fTds

e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ / zflGtsf nflu

cfjfh a'nGb agfpgsf nflu of] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] s'/f /fVb} zflGtnfO{ ;+s'lrt cy{df xltof/

k|of]u gePsf] cj:yfsf] ¿kdf a'em\g pko'Qm gx'g] /

;dfhdf k|ToIf, ;+/rgfut / ;f+:s[lts lx+;f;d]t cGTo

eO{ ;a}n] lgaf{w ¿kdf cfˆgf clwsf/x¿sf] pkef]u

ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .

;fy} zflGtsf nflu k|To]s JolQmsf] e"ldsf cxd x'g],

h'g;'s} j}rfl/s w/fntdf pleP/ s'/f u/] klg zflGtsf]

s'g} ljsNk x'g g;Sg] ePsfn] jt{dfg /fhgLlts tyf

;+j}wflgs hl6ntfsf] lgsf; vf]hL lbuf] zflGtnfO{

;+:yfut ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . bnx¿n]

cf—cfˆgf] s'/fnfO{ unt tl/sfn] JofVof u/]sf sf/0f

bnx¿aLr cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f a9\b} uPsf] / g]tfx¿

hgtf / b]zk|lt lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL x'g g;Sbf lbuf]

zflGt / ;+ljwfg n]vg k|lqmofnfO{ 6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg

g;lsPsf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;a}sf] cufl8 dx;'; ub}{

g]tfx¿n] /fhgLlts O{dfgbfl/tf / j}rfl/s ax;sf]

dfWodaf6 lgsf; vf]Hg h?/L ts{ jQmfx¿n] /fv]sf

lyP . lgisif{df tLg} hgf g]tfx¿n] b]z cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf

/x]sf] x'gfn] ;a}n] cfˆgf] x7 Tofu]/ ;xdltsf] cfwf/df

cufl8 a9\gsf nflu tof/ x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf

lyP .

o;}u/L pbok'/df klg /fhgLlts ;jfn / ;+ljwfg laifos

lhNnf :t/Lo k/fdz{ uf]i7L @)^(÷!@÷( ut] ;DkGg

ul/Psf] lyof] . dfgjclwsf/ / zflGtsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn

;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt;Fusf]

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df a[l4 ug]{, jt{dfg /fhgLlts

cj:yfsf] ;jfnsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{], ;fdflhs ;ª\3

;+:yf / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf cf–

cfˆgf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ nufotsf p2]Zo

/fvL dfgjclwsf/ ;~hfn / cf]/]s g]kfn pbok'/sf]

;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df ;DkGg o; sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts

bnsf k|ltlglw, ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yf k|ltlglw, dfgj

clwsf/sdL{, dlxnf dfgjclwsf/sdL{, :yfgLo zflGt

;ldlt, kqsf/, o'jf, ljBfyL{ / lzIfs u/L ^) hgf

-dlxnf @^ hgf k'?if #$_ sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


clen]vfno tyf tYof° Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL

-ª_


clen]vfno

lrq g+ & = cf]/]s clen]vfnodf pknAw k':tsx¿sf] k|ltzt ljt/0f

ljleGg :yfgaf6 k|fKt ;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;ª\sng ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{ / k|of]ustf{nfO{ k|fKt tL ;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg' tyf s'g} klg ljifosf] cWoogdf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} o:tf ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|L ;'/lIft tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ dxŒjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L k':tsfnosf] /x]sf] x'G5 . cf]/]sn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} s]Gb|Lo sfof{no tyf zfvf sfof{nox¿df 8s'd]G6]zgsf] :yfkgf u/L, Jojl:yt ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;xh tyf sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{df ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .

8s'd]G6]zg zfvfdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;ª\3;+:yfaf6 k|sflzt k':ts, k|ltj]bg, Go"h a'n]l6gx¿ tyf kqklqsfx¿sf] ;ª\sngsf;fy} cf]/]s g]kfnsf k|sfzgx¿sf] ;+/If0f u/L cfjZos ;dodf ;lhn} pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] jlu{s/0f u/L Computer df Entry ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

p2]Zox¿* ;+:yfsf] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn]

cufl8 a9fpg ;xof]u ug]{ . * zfvfdf cfjZos kg]{ k':ts tyf cGo ;"rgfd"ns

;fdu|Lx¿ ;/n ¿kdf pknAw u/fO{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;/n tyf ;xh agfpg] .

* ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{ IfdtfnfO{ clea[l4 ug{ cfˆgf] clen]vfnoaf6 e/k"/ ;xof]u ug]{ .

* ljleGg ;ª\3;:yfx¿af6 k|fKt ePsf k':ts tyf ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|Lx¿ Jojl:yt ¿kn] /fvL cfjZostf cg'¿k pknAw u/fpg] .

* ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿af6 tyf cGo :yfgaf6 cfPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+:yfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .

* ljleGg ;jfn;Fu ;DalGwt ;dfrf/x¿ ;ª\sng u/L Jojl:yt ¿kn] /fVg] / rflxPsf] a]nf pknAw u/fpg] .

* ;+:yfdf cfPsf ;Dk"0f{ k':ts tyf cGo ;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kn] /fvL j[xt k':tsfnosf] ¿kdf j[l4 ub}{ n}hfg] .

d'Vo ultljlwx¿ * k':ts, k|ltj]bg nufot cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿

ljifout ;ª\sng, Joj:yfkg / ljt/0f * kmf]6f] / 8s'd]lG6«x¿sf] Joj:yfkg * ;~rf/ cg'udg


tYofÍ s'g} klg k}/jLsf] nflu ;a}eGbf alnof] cfwf/

xf] . tYofÍs} cfwf/df sxfF s] eO{/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]

k'li6 u/fpg ;S5f}F . t;y{ plrt tYofÍ Joj:yfkg g}

tYo ;To ;"rgfsf] cfwf/ xf] .

gofF ;"rgfsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} cf]/]sn] tYofÍ

Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ cufl8 a9fO{/x]sf]

5 . ;ª\slnt tYofÍx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ d'Vo ¿kdf

SPSS ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . x/]s sfo{qmd

cGtu{tsf tYofÍ tyf 36gfx¿sf] ;ª\sng, o;sf]

cWofjlws;Fu} Jojl:yt / ljZn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bgx¿

tof/ u/L tYofÍ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ c´ alnof] /

Jojl:yt agfpg lg/Gt/ k|of;/t 5 .

p2]Zox¿ tYofÍx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ljZn]if0ffTds tYofÍ tof/

ug'{ .

tYofÍx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf /fVg' . cfjZostf

cg';f/ ;dodf tYofÍ pknAw u/fpg' .

k|ltj]bg n]vgnfO{ ;xh agfpg' .

cf]/]sn] clen]vg sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg /fli6«o

:t/df tYofÍ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf] nflu

;/sf/nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg k}/jL ug'{sf ;fy} Ifdtf

clea[l¢sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . x/]s

lhNnf :t/df klg dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf]

Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu dlxnfd'vL ;f]raf6 clen]vg

tflndx¿ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . cf]/]ssf] ;To tYosf]

cfwf/df k}/jL ug]{ ;+:yfut /0fgLlt cg';f/ dlxnfdfly

ePsf lx+;fsf 36gf, dfgj clwsf/ xgg\sf 36gf

nufot ljleGg ;jfnx¿df cfjZos 36gfx¿sf]

clen]vg u/L To;sf] cfwf/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{

lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg gLltut k}/jLsf] nflu

cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .

tYof° Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL cleofgsf pknlAwx¿ * cf]/]sn] u/]sf] 36gf clen]vg tyf ljZn]if0fsf

sf/0f tYosf] cfwf/df gLlt lgdf{0f, kl/dfh{g /

sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o :t/;Dd

k}/jL ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 .

* ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] cf]/]ssf]

tYofÍnfO{ ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{sf ;fy} dfGotf

lbg] u/]sf] u/]sfn] cf]/]ssf] sfdsf] bfo/f / klxrfg

a9fPsf] 5 .

* dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ tYofÍn]

;a}sf] cufl8 phfu/ ul/lbPsf sf/0f ;/sf/ /

gful/s ;dfhsf] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cj:yfk|lt

Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg ;s]sf] / efjL of]hgf / /0fgLlt

to ug{ ;d]t d2t k'u]sf] 5 .

* 36gf clen]vg tyf ;ª\sng ug]{ ;+oGqsf]

ljsf;;Fu} ;'b[9Ls/0f / Jojl:yt x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

* dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ljz]if

k|ltj]bs;Fu g]kfnsf] dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf / dlxnf

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf] l:yltsf]

af/]df dlxnfx¿n] k|ToIf cfˆgf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg

ug{ kfPsf] / k|ltj]bssf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/ /

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;'´fj k|fKt ePsf] .

* b'|t Gofo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfsf] nflu clwsf/ /Ifs

dlxnfx¿sf] lg/Gt/sf] k}/jLkZrft dlxnf lx+;fsf

h3Go ck/fwsf 36gf xTof, anfTsf/, a]rlavg

nufotsf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf 36gfsf] lbgx'F ;'g'jfO{

u/L tTsfn km};nf ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u[x

dGqfno, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no / ;jf]{Rrsf

gfddf -@)&) ;fpg !^ ut]_ k/dfb]z hf/L ul/Psf]

5 .

* tflnd k|fKt ;]jf k|bfosx¿ n}+lËs ;Dj]bgzLn eO{

Jojxfl/s ¿kdf sfd ul//xsf] .


* dlxnflj?4df x'g] lx+;f cGTo, kLl8tsf] Gofo /

kL8snfO{ sf/jfxLsf] nflu cfjfh p7fpg] :yfgLo

:t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd alnof] ;ª\u7g / g]6js{

la:tf/ ePsf] .

* ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿Aff6 lx+;f kLl8tx¿sf] nflu

;xof]uL jftfj/0f aGb} uPsf] / l/km/n ;+oGqsf]

klg k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjg ePsf] .

* lx+;f kLl8t tyf k|efljt dlxnfx¿n] cf]/]snfO{

ljZjfl;nf] / Gofo k|fKtLsf nflu ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf]

¿kdf lnPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

* cf]/]sn] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf o'jf ;d"xdf cfj4

o'jfx¿sf] dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ultljlwx¿df

;+nUgtf gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

* ;do cg';f/ gofF ;jfnsf] p7fg / o;df

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ ;s]sf sf/0f

o; jif{df ;~rf/ dfWoodx¿af6 klg cf]/]sn]

p7fg u/]sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;a}sf df´df k'¥ofpg

/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg nflu tL

;jfnx?sf] p7fg tyf ;Daf]wgdff /fd|f] ;xof]u

ldn]sf] 5 .

* ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;~hfn / ;fd'bflos

;+:yfx¿ nufot cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klg ljleGg

;xsfo{ alnof] /x]sf] .

cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf pRr :t/Lo ax; sfo{qmddf

cf]/]sn] b]zdf dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf, dfgj a]rlavg

tyf cf];f/k;f/lj?4sf] ;jfn / :yfgfudgdf

dlxnfsf] ;jfnnfO{ /fVg] cj;/ kfPsf] .

cf]/]sn] ;xhLs/0f u/]/ :yflkt ePsf dlxnf

;+:yfx¿sf] klxrfg a9\g'sf ;fy} ;jfndf cfkm"nfO{

:yflkt ug{ ;s]sf] .

cf]/]sn] xfn ´08} dlxnf tyf lszf]/L ;d"x tyf

;~hfn nufotsf ;+/rgfx¿dfkm{t @$))) eGbf

a9LnfO{ ;d]6]/ sfd ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] 5 .

* dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] cu|;/tfsf

sf/0f lx+;f kLl8t÷k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] nflu

:yfgLo:t/df ;xof]uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'Fb} u/]sf]

5 .

* cn]vj4 sfdbf/x¿sf] clwsf/sf nflu k}/jLsf]

cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 .

* dlxnfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/sf]

;'lgZrttf geO{ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f cGTo x'Fb}g

eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr

ax; ;'? ePsf] .

* cf]/]s ;3gh}jLs v]tL k|0ffnLdfkm{t lbuf]

hLljsf]kfh{gnfO{ k|j4{g / k|f]T;fxg ug{'sf ;fy}

k/Dk/fut ufpFnfO{ kof{j/0fLo Osf] len]hdf

¿kfGt/0f ug{ k|of;/t /x]sf] 5 .

* s[ifs ;d"x, ;~hfnx¿n] :yfgLo ;/sf/L tyf

u}/ ;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;|f]t tyf k|fljlws

;xof]u lnO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} s[ifs clwsf/sf]

nflu k}/jL ub} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

r'gf}tLx¿ * dlxnf lx+;f lgoGq0f tyf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfsf]

Gofodf kxF'r a[l4 ug{ ;/sf/sf /fli6«o

of]hgfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g' g;Sbf k'gM

To;s} nflu bjfjd"ns ultljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbO/xg'kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 o;n] ubf{

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{;d]t c´ a9L r'gf}lt yk]sf]

5 .

* aflnsfx¿dfly a9\b} uPsf] of}ghGo lx+;fsf] cGTo /

o:tf ;d:ofaf6 k|efljtx¿sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, cjf;

nufotsf cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ lb3{sflng


/0fgLlt ;/sf/L of]hgf gx'Fbf k'gPsLs/0fdf ;d:of

ePsf] .

* l56f] 5l/tf] Gofo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf gx'Fbf kLl8t

jf k|efljtn] Gofo / ;xof]u kfpg g;ls/x]sf]

cj:yf 5 To;n] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] dgf]an 36fpg /

b08xLgtfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ldn]sf] 5 .

* :yfgLo :t/df lqmofzLn dlxnf clwsf/ /Ifsx¿

clt g} hf]lvddf /x]sf] / /fHoaf6 ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt

ug]{ 7f]; kxnx¿ gb]lvPsf]n] pgLx¿ xtf]T;flxt

x'g k'u]sf] cj:yf sfod} 5 .

* gful/s ;dfh / dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] tkm{af6

;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f tyf lbuf] zflGt lgdf{0f

k|lqmofnfO{ 6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg lg/Gt/ va/bf/L u/]tf

klg /ffhgLlts kfl6{x¿aLrsf] a9\bf] c;d´bf/L

/ cljZjf;sf sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj37g eO{

gofF ;+ljwfg cfpg ;s]g h;sf] kmn:j¿k b]zdf

/fhgLlts lgsf;sf] ;+s6 a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

* clwsf+z 36gfdf /fhlglts zlQmsf] k|of]u u/L

x:tIf]k ug]{ u/]sf sf/0f kLl8tnfO{ Goflos k|lqmofdf

hfg cK7\of/f] / ;xof]uL ;+:yf tyf AolQmnfO{ ;d]t

r'gf}tL cfPsf] .

* :yfgfudgnfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6

lhNnf :t/df ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ 8]:sx¿sf] :yfkgf

gx'Fbf ;d'bfosf AolQmx¿sf] ;"rgfdflysf] kxF'r

gk'u]sf] .


cg';Gwfg tyf k|sfzg-r_


jflif{s k|ltj]bgx¿

cf]/]s g]kfnsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg -g]kfnL_

cf]/]s g]kfnsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg -c+u|]hL_

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg jflif{s k|ltj]bg

cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgx¿

æcGj]ifLÆ dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL jif{ k':ts @)!@

area

labour (Haruwa/Charuwa) of Siraha districtSocio- economic condition & food security of Mushar communityDenied dignity

HICAST ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ul/Psf] y]l;; l/;r{

Practices in Conventional and Bio-Intensive Farming System in Udayapur District” by Anita Gautam

towards Sustainable Development; the Eco-village Contribution (A case study of Udayapur)” by Upasana Dhakal

lgb]{lzsf

k/Dk/fut ufpFnfO{ Osf]len]hdf ¿kfGt/0f lgb]{lzsf;'/lIft :yfgfudg / dfgj clwsf/ ljifos tflnd lgb]{lzsf

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;dfhdf ljBdfg n}lËs lje]b, zf]if0f, cGofo /

c;dfgtflj?4 hfu?s eO{ cfly{s ¿kn] pTkfbgzLn

;a} gful/sx¿sf nflu ;dfg dfgj clwsf/ ePsf]

tyf ;fdflhs Gofok"0f{ / :j:Yo g]kfnL ;dfhsf]

kl/sNkgf u/L cf]/]sn] :yfgLo :t/df p7]sf d'2fx¿nfO{

gLlt lgod agfpg] tx;Dd k'¥ofpg k}/jLd"ns

sfo{qmdx¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ;+:yfn]

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfonfO{

cfˆgf] clwsf/k|lt ;';"lrt ug{, ;+:yfn] p7fg u/]sf

;jfnx¿ / ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿sf] af/]df ;"rgf k|jfx

ug{ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu k}/jL ug{sf] nflu cfjZos

cg';Gwfgx ug'{sf ;fy} cg';GwfgfTds k|ltj]bg, tflnd

lgb]{lzsf, ;|f]t ÷ ;fdu|L, ;dfrf/kqx¿, a|f];/, a'sn]6,

krf{, ˆofS6l;6 nufot cGo cfjZos k':tsx¿sf]

k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(÷&)

df k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx¿ lgDg /x]sf 5g\ .

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cjwf/0ff kq ÷P8ef]s];L k]k/Hfa/h:tL s/0fL -anfTsf/_ax'ljjfx, o;sf] c;/ / sfg'gdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿af]S;L;DaGwL g]kfndf /x]sf] ;fdflhs s'k|yf / k|efjsf/L sfg'gsf] cfjZostfdlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8\; cGt/ ;DaGw dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu PsLs[t pkfo Gofo tyf clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf M kLl8tb]lv kl/jt{gsf ;Djfxs;Dd

ljZjAofkL cfjlws ;dLIff ;DaGwL sfo{;d"xsf] lgisif{ ;'emfj!)# cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] cjwf/0ffkqdlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgsf] cjwf/0ffkq

Nepali women need more than state commitments to end VAW

a|f];/÷krf{ :yfgLo hftsf s'v'/fx¿ M Ps hfgsf/L dlxnfsf] ;'/lIft :yfgfudg clwsf/sf nflu

;~hfn dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgsf] xflb{s clkn -krf{_ Making our domestic violence laws and

policies work in practice (Flyer)

Fact Sheets Facts on violence against women in Nepal Women and migaration Facts on violence against women

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Human Rights Defenders

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cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) sf] cfo Joo ljj/0ftflnsf g+= & cf=a @)^(÷&) sf] dlxnf k'g:yf{kgf s]G› -cf]/]s_ sf] cfo Joo ljj/0f

cf]/]s g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj] bg jif{ @)&)106

tflnsf g+= * cf=a=^(–&) df ePsf] s"n vr{ dWo] sfo{qmd ;xof]u, k|zf;lgs, kfl/>lds tyf tflnd

Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] vr{ ljj/0f

qm=;= ljj/0f /sd ? k|ltztdf

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@ k|zf;lgs vr{ *^$#%*! *Ü

# Kfl/>lds vr{ !%@^#(^& !$Ü

$ Tflnd Joj:yfkg vr{ ^@@&$## ^Ü

laj/0f cfDbfgL vr{

z'?sf] df}Hbft 50,12,484.09

Restricted fund

5f]6f] ;dosf] sfo{s|dsf] nflu laleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt (short term grant) 45,25,471.86 47,56,563.86

lg/Gt/ sfo{s|dsf] nflu laleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt sf]if (long term grant) 8,87,26,630.12 8,03,40,056.05

Unrestricted fund

cf]/]sn] n] cfh{g u/]sf] cfo tyf ljleGg contribution 1,14,57,611.28 1,16,76,423.16

tflnd s]Gb|af6 k|fKt cfDbfgL 89,59,229.00 62,27,433.00

laleGg k|f]h]S6df cf]/]ssf] contribution 58,07,056.02 58,07,056.02 Exchange gain 9,01,804.73

a}s Aofh 9,752.90

bft[ ;+:yfnfO{ lkmtf{ (EOD) 12,79,603.00

hDdf 12,41,20,437.00 10,88,07,532.09

sfo{qmd ;xof]u vr{

72%

k|zf;lgs vr{

8%

Kfl/>lds vr{

14%

Tflnd Joj:yfkg vr{

6%

sfo{qmd ;xof]u vr{

k|zf;lgs vr{

Kfl/>lds vr{

Tflnd Joj:yfkg vr{

lrq g+ * = cf=a=^(–&) df ePsf] s"n vr{ dWo] sfo{qmd ;xof]u, k|zf;lgs, kfl/>lds tyf tflnd Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] vr{ ljj/0f



Women Rehabiliation Center (WOREC Nepal)



cf]/]ssf] sfo{sf/L ;ldlt

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sfo{sf/L ;ldlt

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Education

Annual Report 2070 Nepali