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This presentation gives a detailed description of male and female reproductive structures in livestock animals.
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Reproductive Structures
Male Reproductive Structures
Testicles - produce spermtestosterone – hormone
responsible for libido and masculine appearance
Epididymis – Where the immature sperm are stored to mature
Vas Deferens – transportation tube that carries sperm from epididymis to the urethra
Sperm
Male Repro (cont)Scrotum sac-like structure that
contains and protects the testesregulate temperature of the testes by contracting and relaxing
testes must stay several degrees cooler than body temp.
Male Repro (cont)•Urethra – large muscular tube that transports semen and urine out the penis
•Semen – contains sperm, fluid to travel in, and nutrient solution
•Penis – organ that extends into the female reproductive tract and deposits semen at the cervix – engorges with blood to cause an erection necessary for copulation
•Sigmiod Flexure & Retractor Muscle – are necessary to extend the penis out of it’s protective sheath in bulls, rams, and boars
Male Repro (cont)•Seminal Vesicles – Glands that produce fluid that protects and transports the sperm
•Prostate Gland – produces fluid that is mixed with the seminal fluid to protect and transport the sperm
•Cowper’s Gland – produces fluid that precedes semen in the urethra to clean and neutralize the tract
Reproductive Tract of Bull
Reproductive Tract of a Ram
Reproductive Tract of a Stallion
Reproductive Tract of a Stallion
Female Reproductive StructuresOvary – stores the eggs and
produces estrogen and progesterone – hormones responsible for feminine appearance and estrus; eggs mature and are released one at a time - ovulation.
Follicles – as the eggs begin to mature, they become enlarged bodies on the ovary known as a follicle.
Follicles on Sow ovaries
Female Repro (cont)Oviducts – also known as Fallopian Tubes in humans; tubes that carry the egg to the uterine horn; site of fertilization. **Ectopic Pregnancy
Infundibulum – “catcher’s mitt”; as the egg is released, the infundibulum sweeps it off the ovary and into the oviducts.
Female Repro (cont)Uterus – y-shaped body that has 2
horns and cervix; it is very muscular and supports the fetus during pregnancy.
Horns – litter bearing animals have long uterine horns and single bearing animals have shorter horns; horses and humans do not have uterine horns, just the main body of the uterus.
Endometrium – lining of the uterus that becomes engorged with blood to support the fetus
Uterus Configurations
Female Repro (cont)Cervix – lower outlet of the uterus
that has cartilage rings; this is the structure that dilates during birth.
Vagina – organ where copulation occurs and serves as the birth canal
Vulva – external (visible) portion of the female reproductive tract; made up of the Labia Majora and the Labia Minora (outer and inner folds)
Clitoris – homologous to the penis in the male
Reproductive tract of a Cow
Dorsal View
Reproductive Tract of a Sow