Android

Subject - Matter

Introduction BackgroundArchitecture of “Android”Versions & ConfigurationFeatures & UsesComparision with Other Operating SystemConclusionBiblography

Introduction

A software platform and operating system for mobile

devices

Powered by Linux operating system

Developed by Google and later the Open Handset

Alliance (OHA)

It utilizes ARM Processors

ARM stands for ADVANCED RISC MACHINE.

Where

Mobile Operators Handset Manufacturers

Semiconductor Companies Software Companies Commercialization Companies

OHA

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE

BACKGROUND

Android Inc. was founded by ANDY RUBIN, RICH

MINER, NICK SEARS, CHRIS WHITE in October 2003

in Palo Alto in California

Android has got his name by the developer ANDY

RUBIN.

In 17th August 2005 ‘GOOGLE’ acquired Android Inc.

(CONT.)At ‘GOOGLE’ a team lead by Andy Rubin developed a

mobile device platform powered by the Linux Kernel version

2.6

On 5th November 2007 the 1st Android Mobile Device was

launched.

On same day OHA was formed to develop Open Standards

for mobile devices which promotes development from global

community.

ARCHITECTURE

DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE(1/5)

Android uses Linux kernel for it’s device manager, memory management, power management & process management, and networking.

This layer contains all the drivers used in the device.

This layer is written in c.

Details of architecture (2/5)

This layer contains Android’s libraries.

Contents are written in C, C++. But runs only through JAVA Interface.

Exposed to Developers through the Android Application framework.

DETAILS OF LIBRAREIS

Libc : c standard lib.

SSL : Secure Socket Layer

SGL : 2D image engine

OpenGL/ES : 3D image engine

Media Framework : Core part of Android multi-media

SQLite : Embedded database

WebKit : Kernel of web browser FreeType : Bitmap and Vector SufraceManager : Manage difference windows for different applications


Core Libraries Provides the functionality of the JAVA Programming Language Android Application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine

Dalvik Virtual Machine : Java based license free VM Register based VM, optimization for low memory requirements Executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format DX tool converts classes to .dex format Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.


Developer use the Application Framework as well as

system resources based on local hardware to create

Applications.

Important component of this layer is activity manager,

which manages Life Cycle of Application.

Details of application framework

Feature Role

View System

Used to build an application, including lists, grids, textboxes, buttons, and embedded web browser

Content Provider

Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data

Resource Manager

Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings, graphics, and layout files)

Notification Manager

Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the status bar

Activity Manager

Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigation.


Android provides a set of core applications:- Contacts

Message

Home Screen

Maps

Email etc.

All the Application’s code are written in C, C++, & in Java

Android versions

The Android era officially began on 22nd October , 2008. With the

launching of G1 from T1 mobile.

The names of the versions of ANDROID are named in

Alphabetical order on a Dessert or Sugary treat.

The different versions of Android with release dates are:-

Android 1.0 ASTRO on 23rd September, 2008.

Android 1.1 BENDER on 9th February, 2009.

Android 1.5 CUPCAKE on 30th April, 2009.

Versions(contd.)

Android 1.6 DONUT on 15th September, 2009.

Android 2.0/2.1 ÉCLAIR on 26th October, 2009.

Android 2.2.x FROYO on 20th May, 2010.

Android 2.3.x GINGERBREAD on 6th December, 2010.

Android 3.x HONEYCOMB on February 22, 2011.

Android 4.0.x ICE CREAM SANDWICH on 19th

October, 2011.

Android 4.1.x JELLY BEAN on June 27, 2012.

Minimum requirements

CHIPSET ARM based

MEMORY 128 mb Ram, 256 mb flash external

STORAGE Mini or Micro SD

PRIMARY DISPLAY QVGA,TFT LCD or Larger, 16 Bit color or bettter

NAVIGATION KEYS Minimum 5 navigation & application keys like power, volume, camera.

USB Standard mini usb interface.

BLUETOOTH 1.2 or 2.0

features

Handset layouts : Platfom based on VGA, 2D & 3D Graphics

Storage : SQLite a relational database used for data storage. Connectivity : GSM/EDGE, CDMA, WI-FI,

BLUETOOTH,UMTS.Multitasking : Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory allocation, is available.Voice based features : Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards. Multiple language support : Android supports multiple languages.

Features (cont.)

Video calling : via the UMTS network. Video calling through Google Talk is available in Android 2.3.4 and later. Media support : It supports almost every format of

Audio/Video/Pictures/Text.

GPS based navigation.

Comparison with other mobile os

Change the defaults:- Unlike Symbian, Apple’s IOS or any other operating system, Google’s Android comes with the power of customization. Browsing :- Other OS have the Browsers which have complex algorithms, whereas Android has Google based no.1 browser Chorme as it’s default browser. Android can Run Multiple Apps at the Same Time.Every Information is Visible on Your Home Screen.Android Has a Better Free App Market.Android Gives You Better Notifications. displays an icon for every notification you have waiting.

Market share of android

Android based devices

Toshiba’s Android smartbook

Cisco Android Tablet

Android hdtv made by GPNC,

KOREA on 15th April 2010.

Cont.

1st Android car made by

SAIC(Shanghai Automotive

Industry Corporation) on 18th

march 2010.

1st Android based Kitchen

appliances washing machine

& microwave.

1st Android based Desktop

or Office telephone.

biblography

www.google.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.eLinux.org

Thank u

Education

Android