Upload
jenny-murphy
View
2.170
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Ancient Roman Architecture
Ancient Roman Architecture
By: Sofia & MellissaBy: Sofia & Mellissa
AqueductsAqueducts
A channel that brought water into the towns and cities, sometimes raised high up on arches to cross rivers or ravines.
Their easiest way of getting water straight into Rome. Pipes from Aqueducts go to public fountains,
bathrooms and baths.
A channel that brought water into the towns and cities, sometimes raised high up on arches to cross rivers or ravines.
Their easiest way of getting water straight into Rome. Pipes from Aqueducts go to public fountains,
bathrooms and baths.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BridgesBridges
Bridges had the arch as its basic structure. The greatest difficulty were the pillars because
they need to provide support while fighting the water current.
Built with wood then brick and stone.
Bridges had the arch as its basic structure. The greatest difficulty were the pillars because
they need to provide support while fighting the water current.
Built with wood then brick and stone.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
ColosseumColosseum
• It was the greatest roman amphitheater.• Games were held here. Sea battles raged and animals
appeared out of trap doors in the floor.• It could seat 50,000 people.• No one knows the architect that designed the Colosseum
• It was the greatest roman amphitheater.• Games were held here. Sea battles raged and animals
appeared out of trap doors in the floor.• It could seat 50,000 people.• No one knows the architect that designed the Colosseum
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Colosseum Building Process
Colosseum Building Process
• If it wasn’t made with cement and vaulted arches the Colosseum could not have been built because it would have been to heavy and fallen.
• It had 80 entrances. 2 for the emperor, dignitaries. 2 for the gladiators, 1 for dead, 1 for alive and 76 for the people.
• They started by building an oval trench that was 18 feet deep and filled it with cement.
• If it wasn’t made with cement and vaulted arches the Colosseum could not have been built because it would have been to heavy and fallen.
• It had 80 entrances. 2 for the emperor, dignitaries. 2 for the gladiators, 1 for dead, 1 for alive and 76 for the people.
• They started by building an oval trench that was 18 feet deep and filled it with cement.
Building techniques and tools
Building techniques and tools
• The Pantheon was the largest dome in history until the twentieth century
• The idea of a dome came from extending an arch.• They built with simple hammers, chisels, saws, pulleys
and cranes.
• The Pantheon was the largest dome in history until the twentieth century
• The idea of a dome came from extending an arch.• They built with simple hammers, chisels, saws, pulleys
and cranes.
Roman ForumRoman Forum
• It was snug in a valley between Capitoline Hill and Palintine Hill.
• Beginning as a market place it evolved into an economic, political and religious hub and the town square in the center of Rome.
• Made with stone paving, arches and white marble columns.
• It was snug in a valley between Capitoline Hill and Palintine Hill.
• Beginning as a market place it evolved into an economic, political and religious hub and the town square in the center of Rome.
• Made with stone paving, arches and white marble columns.
Roman HomesRoman Homes• Most apartments were 5-6 stories high.• Apartments were crowded and unsanitary while stores were on the
1st floor• The richest of Romans could afford town houses just for them
selves.• Town houses allowed kitchens unlike apartments and were only 1-2
stories and windows only on the 2nd floor for security purposes.
• Most apartments were 5-6 stories high.• Apartments were crowded and unsanitary while stores were on the
1st floor• The richest of Romans could afford town houses just for them
selves.• Town houses allowed kitchens unlike apartments and were only 1-2
stories and windows only on the 2nd floor for security purposes.
Ancient RomanUpper Class Life
By Rosa, Jeffery, & Noa
Daily Life
Slaves helped through whole day
During day, men went to baths, women read
In evening, HUGE feasts
Prayed first thing in morning because believed gods gave wealth
Slaves helped through whole day
During day, men went to baths, women read
In evening, HUGE feasts
Prayed first thing in morning because believed gods gave wealth
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Fashion for the richFashion for the rich
Women had very elaborate hairstyles
They had emeralds, opals, and pearls
Men had very elaborate styled beards
Both men and women wore perfume
Women had very elaborate hairstyles
They had emeralds, opals, and pearls
Men had very elaborate styled beards
Both men and women wore perfume
Homes and Decor
Small windows to prevent heat from coming in
Villas had 8 rooms Had courtyards and
shrines They had specially
designed gutters and heating systems
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Parties and festivity
Rich people hosted feasts for friends and important people from the city
Slaves washed guest’s feet Men got together for hunting
parties Men wore bright togas for
parties
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
CurrencyCurrency
Moneylenders had very high interest
A large some of money is called a dowry
Made new coins for every conquest
Pecunia means money in Latin
Moneylenders had very high interest
A large some of money is called a dowry
Made new coins for every conquest
Pecunia means money in Latin
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Slaves and servantsSlaves and servants
• Slaves were prisoners of war, captives or Romans in debt
• Rich roman can obtain slaves by buying, inheritance, or as slave’s child
• Most household slaves were treated well
• Slaves were prisoners of war, captives or Romans in debt
• Rich roman can obtain slaves by buying, inheritance, or as slave’s child
• Most household slaves were treated well
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Powers and Social StandingsPowers and Social Standings
Rich people called patricians
Only oldest families in Rome were rich
Held political, legal, and religious power
Consul= Supreme authority below emperor
Rich people called patricians
Only oldest families in Rome were rich
Held political, legal, and religious power
Consul= Supreme authority below emperor
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rich kidsRich kids
Boys and girls learned reading, writing, and math in primary school
Older boys learned Greek, grammar, geometry, public speaking, and astronomy in secondary school
Boys became men at 15 Learn to swim with
bamboo floats
Boys and girls learned reading, writing, and math in primary school
Older boys learned Greek, grammar, geometry, public speaking, and astronomy in secondary school
Boys became men at 15 Learn to swim with
bamboo floats
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Ancient Roman FoodsAncient Roman Foods
By:Eleanor & AileenBy:Eleanor & Aileen
Food For The Poor
The poor people that lived near the Mediterranean Sea had to eat foods that grew in dry places
They eat pasta,salad,water,bread,and porridge or eat left over food from breakfast
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rich People’s Foods Special occasions
they ate giraffes,larks,and dormice,not for the flavor but because they’re expensive
They ate chicken and pork with lots of spices
They had the most access to fruits and figs and grapes
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Roman Farmers They grow figs,and
strawberries In hot climates they
grow grapes and olives
In cold climates they grow turnips and apples
Farmers grew grapes in order to make and sell wine
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Kinds Of Roman Meats Sheep,Cattle Pork and Ham Fish and peacock
tongues Complicated meal is
that they would make stuffing chicken inside of duck, duck inside of goose,goose inside of pig,pig inside of cow,then they cook it altogether
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
A Roman Dinner Party Good manners are to vomit
to make more room for more meals
The people stay for games and songs before getting ready to leave
They remove out door shoes and put indoor shoes (sandals) and the slaves would wash the wealthy peoples hands a place a crown of flowers upon their head
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What meals did the ancient children eat at school? Salad (lunch) Rice or pasta
(snack) Water (daily) Juice (lunch) Cheese and
vegetable(both)
What did the Romans drink?
Romans drank wine on special occasions,breakfast,lunch,and dinner
Romans drank water for breakfast,lunch,and dinner
Calda which is warm water and wine laced with spices
Ponca is vinegar mixed with enough water to make it drinkable
Hair Styles, men and women Hair Styles, men and women
Curls were popular for both, men + women
Men had short hair In early Rome, women
wore simple hair styles (Bun)
Curls were popular for both, men + women
Men had short hair In early Rome, women
wore simple hair styles (Bun)
Foot Wear, men and womenFoot Wear, men and women
Different ranks= Different types of shoes
Women wore boots like men but made out of softer material
Slaves wore wooden clogs, or animal skins wrapped around feet
Different ranks= Different types of shoes
Women wore boots like men but made out of softer material
Slaves wore wooden clogs, or animal skins wrapped around feet
Different Occasions ClothingDifferent Occasions Clothing
Party stolas had embroidery around the hem
Togas for party’s were brightly colored
Togas for mourning were darkly colored
Party stolas had embroidery around the hem
Togas for party’s were brightly colored
Togas for mourning were darkly colored
Seasonal wear/ traveling clothesSeasonal wear/ traveling clothes
To protect from rain + cold, wore hooded cloak called lacernae
Traveling cloaks were made from animal skins, they were warm and waterproof
Paenula is a piece of cloth with a hole cut into it
To protect from rain + cold, wore hooded cloak called lacernae
Traveling cloaks were made from animal skins, they were warm and waterproof
Paenula is a piece of cloth with a hole cut into it
Men and Boys ClothingMen and Boys Clothing
Wore tunics, which was a single piece of cloth draped around the body
More expensive the tunic, covered with pleats
Tunica palmat = leafy, flowery tunic worn by important men
Wore tunics, which was a single piece of cloth draped around the body
More expensive the tunic, covered with pleats
Tunica palmat = leafy, flowery tunic worn by important men
Women and Girls ClothingWomen and Girls Clothing
Wore tunic, longer than men
Important women wore stola over tunic
Going out = wore pala over stola, pala is rectangular toga with hood
Wore tunic, longer than men
Important women wore stola over tunic
Going out = wore pala over stola, pala is rectangular toga with hood
Jewelry Jewelry
Women liked jewelry, for value rather than look
Rings were most common jewelry, worn by both men + women
The most precious stones were pearls, opals, + emeralds
Women liked jewelry, for value rather than look
Rings were most common jewelry, worn by both men + women
The most precious stones were pearls, opals, + emeralds
CosmeticsCosmetics
Made from vegetables + mineral dyes
Chalk was used as face powder
Put on make-up with a spatula
Made from vegetables + mineral dyes
Chalk was used as face powder
Put on make-up with a spatula
ANCIENT ROMAN ROADS & TRANSPORTATION
by BEN AND MATT
ANCIENT ROMAN ROADS & TRANSPORTATION
by BEN AND MATT
How Roads Helped Ancient Rome
How Roads Helped Ancient Rome
Helped Armies move quickly around Rome
Made communicating easier
Helped Rome run their empire by making easy travel
Helped Armies move quickly around Rome
Made communicating easier
Helped Rome run their empire by making easy travel
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How Roads were built and what they were made out of
How Roads were built and what they were made out of
Built by digging trenches Many layers,
top=curbstones, bottom=mortar/sand
Roads were built to last
Built by digging trenches Many layers,
top=curbstones, bottom=mortar/sand
Roads were built to last
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Ships and Other Water Transportation
Ships and Other Water Transportation
Ships were sail boats with 2 sails
Ships were made of wood
Docks were always busy
Ships were sail boats with 2 sails
Ships were made of wood
Docks were always busy
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Military TransportationMilitary Transportation
Used horses to travel and fight
Mules carried supplies for the army
Built bridges for easy travel
Used horses to travel and fight
Mules carried supplies for the army
Built bridges for easy travel
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Land TransportationLand Transportation
Used horses to carry letters
Chariots were used for entertainment
Went in covered cart if going on long journeys
Used horses to carry letters
Chariots were used for entertainment
Went in covered cart if going on long journeys
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Different types of roads and where they went
Different types of roads and where they went
Paved roads=fast transportation, mud roads=slow transportation
50,000 miles of roads Roads covered
Roman empire
Paved roads=fast transportation, mud roads=slow transportation
50,000 miles of roads Roads covered
Roman empire
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Merchants and Farm cartsMerchants and Farm carts
Driven by oxen Farmers used plows
that went slowly Farm carts had solid
wooden wheels
Driven by oxen Farmers used plows
that went slowly Farm carts had solid
wooden wheels
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Different Transportation Routes and how Long they Took
Different Transportation Routes and how Long they Took
Alexandria to Ostia takes 16-21 days
Rome to Caesaria takes 20 days
Took two to three weeks by ship to go from Egypt to Rome
Alexandria to Ostia takes 16-21 days
Rome to Caesaria takes 20 days
Took two to three weeks by ship to go from Egypt to Rome
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Ancient RomanArmy and weapons
By Austin & Alex
How soldiers benefited the society
• Soldiers built opera houses and other public buildings.
• The soldiers paroled the city for possible danger.
• They Brought treasure home from war.
• Most importantly, the soldiers kept the citizens and kingdom safe.
Weapons and how they used them
• Romans used many weapons, such as spears, axes, swords, sabers, javelins, bows, and slings.
• All warriors carried a sword and shield.
• Spears were used for spearheading their phalanx formation, where they marched in a triangle shoulder-to -shoulder.
Marching• When Romans marched
to war they each carried grain, a pick, 2 stakes, a saw, their armor and weapons.
• When marching they slept in a wool tent.
• Roman soldiers marched 8 or more miles a day.
• Some Roman camps could be as big as a city.
Siege
• Boats carried most supplies for troops.
• Commander directed troops from afar and from the advice of other leaders.
• Troops would mostly steal food from enemies to eat and hurt them.
• They built bridges over rivers by anchoring boats and putting large planks across the boats.
Training
• When selected they were fitted for armor and outfits.
• They rode horses without stirrups to build endurance.
• Recruits marched two times a day with full armor and spears.
• Some trainees were taught to fire catapults.
• Selected for training when boys.
Armor
• Wore shield, plate armor, belt and mail shin guards.
• Shield is called Scuttum, and were made out of wood and steel.
• The Belt is called chinglum, and was leather with dangling mail.
• Chest plate is called lorice, and is iron on leather.
^ Battle Helmet
Enemies of Rome
• The roman enemies were the Germans, Deccins, Iberians, Hispanics, Parthians, Celtics, Gallics, and Persians.
• The Germans were considered barbarians.
• The Romans lost to the Germans only once.
Benefits of War
• During war, slaves and land were captured to be sold and built on.
• Lots of gold and riches were brought back from war.
• After years of military service soldiers were given full citizenship.
• A parade to display valor full warriors and captured slaves was fun for everyone.
Ancient Roman GladiatorsAncient Roman Gladiators
By: Sam & RaphaelBy: Sam & Raphael
Types of Gladiators Types of Gladiators
There were Retiariuses, who used tridents and nets.
The Acians, who had brown shields and curved swords.
The Mirmihlo, who had heavy shields, short swords and helmets.
The Velitis, who used javelins and who fought 5 vs 5.
Gladiators usually fought against other Gladiators.
There were Retiariuses, who used tridents and nets.
The Acians, who had brown shields and curved swords.
The Mirmihlo, who had heavy shields, short swords and helmets.
The Velitis, who used javelins and who fought 5 vs 5.
Gladiators usually fought against other Gladiators.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How Gladiators are treated
How Gladiators are treated
Gladiators are usually slaves or prisoners!
Gladiators were usually trained in gladiator schools and were not allowed out!
Gladiators were usually treated like wild animals!
Talented gladiators were worth a lot of money and were fed special barley.
Gladiators are usually slaves or prisoners!
Gladiators were usually trained in gladiator schools and were not allowed out!
Gladiators were usually treated like wild animals!
Talented gladiators were worth a lot of money and were fed special barley.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rise and Fall of the Gladiator Fights
Rise and Fall of the Gladiator Fights
The tradition of gladiator fights came from the Etruscans.
The Etruscans believed that the spilling of blood from the gladiator fights honored the dead!
The tradition of gladiator fights ended in 404 A.D. becausea Christian Priest got mad because one gladiator was about to kill the other one. The spectators got mad and killed the priest. Then the emperor ended the gladiator games.
The tradition of gladiator fights came from the Etruscans.
The Etruscans believed that the spilling of blood from the gladiator fights honored the dead!
The tradition of gladiator fights ended in 404 A.D. becausea Christian Priest got mad because one gladiator was about to kill the other one. The spectators got mad and killed the priest. Then the emperor ended the gladiator games.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rules of the gladiator fights
Rules of the gladiator fights
Gladiators had to swear an oath agreeing to suffer whips, burning, and death!
In gladiator fights, when a gladiator is wounded, the crowd gets to choose if he lives or not: thumps up; keep alive, thumbs down; kill!
Gladiator fights were only on special occasions.
Very rarely can a woman be a gladiator.
Gladiators had to swear an oath agreeing to suffer whips, burning, and death!
In gladiator fights, when a gladiator is wounded, the crowd gets to choose if he lives or not: thumps up; keep alive, thumbs down; kill!
Gladiator fights were only on special occasions.
Very rarely can a woman be a gladiator.
QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Gladiator SchoolsGladiator Schools
Instructors were usually former gladiators.
There were 4 gladiator schools in all of Rome.
Gladiators-in-training used wooden swords to practice!
Schools were usually close to the arena so they would have a smaller chance of escaping when they are going to the arena.
Instructors were usually former gladiators.
There were 4 gladiator schools in all of Rome.
Gladiators-in-training used wooden swords to practice!
Schools were usually close to the arena so they would have a smaller chance of escaping when they are going to the arena.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Types of Gladiator FightsTypes of Gladiator Fights
Gladiators could fight animals such as lions and bears!
The gladiator animals were kept hungry so they would try to eat the gladiator(s)!
The Colosseum could be flooded so there could be sea battles!
Gladiators most often fought each other.
Gladiators could fight animals such as lions and bears!
The gladiator animals were kept hungry so they would try to eat the gladiator(s)!
The Colosseum could be flooded so there could be sea battles!
Gladiators most often fought each other.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The ColosseumThe Colosseum
The Colosseum was made in 80 A.D.
The Colosseum was the biggest gladiator stadium ever!
The Colosseum held up to 47,000 people!
The Colosseum was built in Rome.
The Colosseum was made in 80 A.D.
The Colosseum was the biggest gladiator stadium ever!
The Colosseum held up to 47,000 people!
The Colosseum was built in Rome.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Great VesuviusThe Great Vesuvius
Vesuvius was a volcano that was asleep and slowly building up pressure
The magma was so hot and steam turned it to pumice and ash explodedthrough a hole in the top
The volcano was 4,203 feet high
Pompeii eruption was on August 24, AD 79
Vesuvius was a volcano that was asleep and slowly building up pressure
The magma was so hot and steam turned it to pumice and ash explodedthrough a hole in the top
The volcano was 4,203 feet high
Pompeii eruption was on August 24, AD 79
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Volcano timelineVolcano timeline
Old PompeiiOld Pompeii
In the town of Pompeii: had altars in the center of the
town Nile water was sacred in
temples Found in 1600’s Porta Marina was a gate
through which you entered Pompeii
People first invented the water fountain
In the town of Pompeii: had altars in the center of the
town Nile water was sacred in
temples Found in 1600’s Porta Marina was a gate
through which you entered Pompeii
People first invented the water fountain
1 p m -1 2 p mA sh an d p u m ice co llap ses cau sin g su p er h o t su rg eA sh an d sm o k e, clo u d th at's sh ap ed lik e an u m b rella, b ig ex p lo sio n1 2 p m -1 amco n tin u atio n o f su p er h o t su rg e1 am -7 am7 am -8 amsu rg e o v ertak es P o m p eii w h ich is b u rried in 6 -7 feet o f ash 8 :3 0 -9 amV esu v iu s calm s d o w n
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Pompeii timelinePompeii timeline
Buildings in PompeiiBuildings in Pompeii
Amphitheater: double theater Forum: center of political, economical, and religons, outdoor market Baths: public baths Frigidarium: cold bath Tepidarium: warm bath Caldarium: hot bath Basilica: tall, thin structure Arch of Caligula: showcase of trophies
Amphitheater: double theater Forum: center of political, economical, and religons, outdoor market Baths: public baths Frigidarium: cold bath Tepidarium: warm bath Caldarium: hot bath Basilica: tall, thin structure Arch of Caligula: showcase of trophies
Pompeii Gods and AltarsPompeii Gods and Altars
Jupiter: king of all gods Priapus: god of fertility Apollo: god of light Venus: goddess of love,
known as protector of Pompeii, had a son called Cupid
Jupiter: king of all gods Priapus: god of fertility Apollo: god of light Venus: goddess of love,
known as protector of Pompeii, had a son called Cupid
Items and Bodies foundItems and Bodies found
In Pompeii, people found: Bread in oven Bowling alleys and running
water Lot’s of paintings of fruits Graffiti from gladiator fights “Beware of the dog” signs Marble basin and bronze tub
with cradle Gold neck lace of 48 ivy leaves
cut of gold
In Pompeii, people found: Bread in oven Bowling alleys and running
water Lot’s of paintings of fruits Graffiti from gladiator fights “Beware of the dog” signs Marble basin and bronze tub
with cradle Gold neck lace of 48 ivy leaves
cut of gold
New PompeiiNew Pompeii
People added a terrace to enjoy the view
Most popular during summer and autumn
About 7,000 people visit per day
Pompeii has been restored
People added a terrace to enjoy the view
Most popular during summer and autumn
About 7,000 people visit per day
Pompeii has been restored