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World History
Unit 5
Chapter 6
World History
Unit 5
Chapter 6
ROME “All Roads Lead There”
#29
Senatus Populusque Romanus
The Geography of Rome
The Geography of RomeWhy did the Greatest Empire the
World has ever seen start here?
Geography plays a role in Empire
”Perfect Location”1. Isolated
- Alps to the North -The Apennine Mts.
“Spine of Italy”
- city of the seven hills- 15 miles from the
coast along the Tiber River
2. Rich Soil- grains to harvest &
trade3. Access to the Sea
“Mare Nastran”
3
Roman GeographyRome is located:
-On the banks of the Tiber River-On and around seven hills
4
Why would this geographic location be an advantage?
The Seven Hills
Mare Nostrum (Latin for Our Sea)
The Mythical Founding of Rome:
Romulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding of Rome:
Romulus & Remus
The Struggle for Rome• 753 BCE - founding• Romulus and Remus
founded the city• Raised by a wolf• mother – Latin(Rhea) • father - War God Mars• (Latins)Romans believed
they had a divine origin• Fight to the Death• Romulus Picked a good
spot by the 7 Hills
Connection with Greece : Founding by Aeneas
• Fled Troy during the Illiad
• Then Settled Rome• The Aeneid –
written by Virgil
Early Civilization-Italy was originally occupied by many different groups of people
-Two main groups 1) Greek Colonists 2) The Etruscans
-The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself
-Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins(Indo-European) settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.
9
Etruscans Take over the Latin's
• By 600’s BCE• Taught the Latin’s :
1. Encouraged Trade
2. The Use of the Arch
Influence of the Etruscans
Influence of the Etruscans Writing Religion The Arch Encouraged
Trade
Etruscan Rule
• King – Senate{Latin Nobles}
who advised the King
These hardworking Latin Farmers wanted their independence
Roman Republic509-27 BCE
• Overthrew Last Etruscan King in 509 BCE
- Tarquinius Superbus• Republic – Elected officials Govern w/ Rule of Law
- hated the Idea of a king
- hero: Cincinnatus / The George Washington of the Romans
• 2 groups of Citizens – Patricians & Plebeians
Republican GovernmentRepublican Government2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for
patricians)- Wealthy Aristocrats- Had all the rights at first
(later this is added)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for
plebeians)- commoners / tradesmen & small
farmers
Structure of the Republic
- Patricians= landholding upper class
- Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders
- Senate= governing body
- Consuls= two patricians
- Dictator= in charge in the event of a war for six months
- The Twelve Tables – Written Const.
Patricians
Plebeians
Religion-Romans were Polytheistic-they believed in many gods
-Many of the gods were adapted from the Greek godsGreek God Roman God
Zeus-ruler of all gods Jupiter-ruler of all gods
Hera-wife of Zeus, protected marriage
Juno-wife of Jupiter, protected marriage
Poseidon-god of the sea Neptune-god of the sea
- Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations to honor the gods and goddesses
- Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance
The Republic Begins to Expand
• By 265 BCE – Romans control entire Italian Peninsula
- Etruscans Defeated
- Greek Cities Defeated
• Began to look outside of Italy• Subjected Peoples
1. Forfeit independent Foreign Policy
2. Provide Troops to ArmyOtherwise they didn’t force changes in customs/religion
The Roman Army• All Citizens who Owned Property
ages 17-46• Phalanx until 300’s BCE• Gaul's had sacked and Burned
Rome in 390 BCE• Developed Legion System• Highly Disciplined & Well Trained• Shield & Thrusting Sword• Became unbeatable in battle
The Roman Legion
The Immovable Force• Maniples – small elastic groups of soldiers
• Cohorts – 600 men / 10 per legion• Legion – 6,000 men
- its own miniature army
(infantry/ cavalry /archers/ ballistics) Roman had over 30 legions at its height
CommandersField Officers – Centurions
Legions were led by Politicians
The Turtle
Final Exam• Term I – Final Exam – 250 pts
Multiple Choice – 90
Fill in Blank - 40
Matching / Religions - 15
True & False - 50
Map/pick 15 of 20 15
(Regions / Cities / Physical Features)
* Rome – Matching
(People & Terms) 40
Notebook – 250 pts
Assignment
Rome’s Perfect Location & Punic Wars
- Due ___________
Who is Fran Tarkington???????
The Punic Wars
• Latin Word for “Phoenician”
Rome v Carthage• Rome – Looking to extend power
into the Mediterranean• Carthage – Feared their trade
would be threatened
Carthaginian Empire
Carthaginian Empire
1st Punic War 264-241 BCE
Sicily is the Prize /Strait of Messina
Roman Ingenuity• Rome’s strong army• Carthage’s strong navy • Romans are losing hundreds of ships• Devise a way to fight land battles at sea
- practical thinkers• Sicily becomes their 1st Province
The Boarding Bridge“Crow”
2nd Punic War 219-202 BCE
• “Rome v The Man”• Hannibal• Father Taught him to
hate the Romans• Plan - Attack Rome
- Sagenta (spain)
Crossed the Alps
- Cannae (italy)
Defeated the Romans but couldn’t destroy Rome
Crossing the Alps
Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route
Hannibal is Defeated
• Roman’s make Fabius Maximus – Dictator
- employed hit & run tactics
- never all out battle
- attack supply routes in Spain• Hannibal ravages the countryside – 10yrs• Romans open a 2nd front /Invade Carthage
- Hannibal retreats to defend home• Battle of Zama – 202 BCE
- Gen. Scipio defeats the Carthaginians
2nd Punic War
Peace Terms
1. Carthage must give up Navy
2. Pay annual Tribute to Rome
3. Surrender holdings on Iberian Pen.
- Carthage is not Destroyed
Many Romans Call for Destruction
Iraq “Gulf War” 1990
Iraq Invaded again 2003
3rd Punic War149-146 BCE
• Romans Siege Carthage-Surrender
1. Enslaved entire Population
2. Burn the City to the Ground
3. Sewed the Fields with Salt
Roman Legions make more gains
1. Macedonia
2. Greece3. Egypt(allied)
By 133 BCE – Imperial Republic spread across the Med.
The Punic Wars
-Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. (118 years!)
-ResultsCarthage was completely destroyed and Rome gained all their territory
39
END
Assignment
• p. 184 – Questions
Terms & Names # 1 - 8
Main Ideas # 9 – 18
Critical Thinking # 1- 4
• Study Guide for Extra Credit
The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads: The Appian WayRoman Roads: The Appian Way
Roman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
The Roman ColosseumThe Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
The Colosseum Interior
Circus MaximusCircus Maximus