ANCIENT GREECEFROM 3000 B.C TO 30

B.C.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

Mainland Greece is a mountainous land almost completely surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Greece has more than 1400 islands. The country has mild winters and long, hot and dry summers. Each valley or island was like a small country

Greek communities became independent and fought each other a lot

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

Periods of Greek history• Pre-hellenic civilizations

–Minoan grete 2.100 B.C.–Mycenae 1.400 B.C.–Dark age 1.150 B.C.

• Archaic greece 9th - 6th century B.C.

• Classical greece 5th - 4th century B.C.

• Hellenistic greece 4th – 1st century B.C.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

MINOAN CRETE

MYCENAE

PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONSTE

RESA

ARR

ABÉ

• MINOAN CRETE. 2100 B.C.– Where? In Crete. The palace in Knossos– When? During the Bronze Age– Economy: important role as traders– Goverment: powerful kings like Minos

• MYCENAE. 1400 B.C.– Where? In the Balkans– When? During the Bronze Age.– Economy: they built walled cities– Goverment: powerful kings and warriors

PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONSTE

RESA

ARR

ABÉ

• THE DARK AGE– IN 1150 B.C. MYCENAEAN

CIVILISATION JUST DISAPPEARED

– WE DON’T REALLY KNOW WHY?

PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONSTE

RESA

ARR

ABÉ

ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.

POLIS o CITY-STATES:ATHENS, SPARTA,

CORINTH, THEBES…..

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.

Greek cities were founded around the Black Sea, North Africa, Italy, Sicily, France and Spain. Many tales and legends grew up about the strange lands and creatures that could be found across the sea

The ancient Greeks were a seafaring people. They traded with other countries around the Mediterranean. Many cities created settlements overseas known as colonies.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.

GREEKS ESTABLISHED COLONIES: SETTLEMENTS IN OTHER REGIONS.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.

COLONIES. 2 causes:• OVERPOPULATION. There were not enough food for all the Greek

people• ECONOMY. Greek economy was based on trade. They searched for

precious metals.

COLONIES were independent from the polis.Greeks expanded to the west and east of GreeceThey became in contact with otherPeople: Phoencians, Etruscans and Egyptians.

By the colonisation process they Spread its influence all around the Mediterranean sea. TE

RESA

ARR

ABÉ

CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.

2 DOMINANT POLEIS: ATHENS AND SPARTA

WARS WITH THE PERSIANS WARS BETWEEN THE GREEK POLEIS

GREAT CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT UNDER PERICLES TIME IN ATHENS (461 -429 B.C.)

TWO POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN ATHENS AND SPARTA: DEMOCRACY AND OLIGARCHY

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.

DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS“RULE BY THE PEOPLE” (CITIZENS) Solon lawsBut only men were citizens….. New political system:

EKKLESIA: All the citizens to vote laws, foreing policy and elected magistrates

LAW COURTS: Chosen by ballot every

year.

BOULE:500 citizens chosen by ballot. They prepared

debates in the assembly

MAGISTRATES: The leaders.

10 strategoi who led the army.

9 Archons , the chief magistrates

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.

OLIGARCHY IN SPARTA “RULE BY THE FEW” (KING AND ELDERLY PEOPLE)Political system:

GEROUSIA: Older citizens, 28. They drew up laws and were responsible for justice

APELLA: Or Assembly

All free men over 30 years.

Choose the ephors and the Gerousia

EPHORS:5 Magistrates who

carried out the decisions of the

Gerousia

2 KINGS

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.

Some wars:The PERSIAN wars (499-479 B.C.)

1. First Persian War: Greek soldiers (Hoplites) defeated the Persians at the battle of Marathon 490 B.C.

2. Second Persian War:Xerxes I of Persia was defeated at the Battle of Salamis in 480 B.C.

The PELOPONNESIAN WAR (431-404 B.C.)Some poleis formed the DELIAN LEAGUE under the leadership of Athens and against future Persian attacks.

Some poleis formed the PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE under The leadership of Sparta against the leadership of Athens

They fought in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta won the war

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.

Some wars:ALEXANDER THE GREAT• Alexander’s father: PHILIP II of Macedon conquered nearly all the

Poleis.• Alexander the Great continued his Conquests …. Defeated the

Persians. He Ruled Greece from the Danube to Egypt and India.

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

Hellenistic GREECE. 4TH – 1st CENTURY B.C.

Alexander the Great founded many cities in the conquered territories:

Alexandria in EgyptAlexandria in AriaAlexandria in CarmaniaAlexandria in the CaucususAlexandropolis ……..

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É

Religion and cultureTE

RESA

ARR

ABÉ

Religion and culturePOLYTHEISTIC

EACH CITY HAS A GOD

GODS WERE IMMORTAL BUT LOOKED HUMAN

ZEUS WAS THE LEADER OF GODS

GODS LIVED ON THE MOUNT OLYMPUSHEROES WERE BORN FROM THE UNION OF A GOD AND A HUMAN

TEMPLES WERE THE HOMES OF THE GODSORACLE WERE MESSAGES FROM THE GODS

TERE

SA A

RRAB

É