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* In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph – a sheet of tinfoil wrapped around a cylindrical drum, it has a metal stylus attached to one side of a diaphragm and a mouth piece on the other side.
*Stylus vibrates and a groove is embossed on the tinfoil
*When the stylus is moved along groove that has been made, the diaphragm reproduces the recorded sound.
*Later became wax cylinders
*Emil Berliner developed the gramophone
between 1887 and 1893
*Used metal discs rather than cylinders –
covered in lampblack
*Dipped in acid to etch a groove into the metal
*Copies easily made by electroplating the
original positive disc and creating a negative
disc with ridges instead of grooves
*Musicians gather around a horn which recorded
directly onto the discs or cylinders
*Only way to adjust mix was to move musician
closer to or further away from the horn –
acoustical recording
*An electrical signal from a microphone could drive an electromagnetic disc recording device. With the addition of the vacuum tube, the microphone's weak signal could be stepped up to drive the cutter.
*The Western Electric Company developed an electronically amplified, electromagnetic disc cutter of high quality in the early 1920s.
*The new device was marketed to phonograph and record manufacturers and also became the basis of talking films and "transcription" recorders used in radio stations.
Vacuum tube
*Gamma-ferrous oxide in the form of very fine,
elongated particles was coated on plastic tape.
*The German company I. G. Farben improved
coated tapes and introduced them for use with
the AEG Magnetophon in the 1930s.
*Tape has to be cut and spliced to make any
edits
Magnetophon
*Multi-track recording is a process in which tape is divided into multiple tracks parallel to each other
*First development of multi-tracking was stereo sound
*Les Paul experimented with tapes and recorders in the 1950s – this led him to order the first 8 track recorder built by Ampex
*3 track recorders remained in popular use until the mid 1960s – Phil Spector's created many of his ‘Wall of sound’ productions on these.