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This Power Point program was used in my presentation on January 15, 2014, made to members of the Hampton Roads [Virginia] Digital Shutterbug Club. My comments expanded on the slides shown and included, as examples: Reasons for shooting at particular ISO settings, f/stops, and shutter speeds with respect to some of the images depicted; Shooting "green," "scene," and "clean” (my term – as in starting from scratch); Along with a suggestion for those who are making the transition from "scene" to "Aperture Priority" ("clean"); And my use of "Power Frames" (a term that I use) when deviating from applying the generally accepted Rule of Thirds. I favor the "Center Power Frame" at times in my wildlife photography, especially when the image involves confrontation head on with an animal. When beginning to shoot in Aperture Priority, the objective of which is to select your desired DOF, or depth of field, my recommendation is: Set the ISO and WB at "auto" so that you only have to select the desired aperture, as the principal variable. In this manner, you avoid managing ISO and shutter speed while easing into shooting "clean." As a result, a photographer making the transition to shooting “clean” in Aperture Priority may begin to learn the “sweet spot” in any zoom lens used. The photographer may also begin to better identify the manner in which different areas of a composed image (foreground, middle ground, and background) are affected with different f/stops, both as to obtaining sharp focus, together with noting those areas that achieve “blur” or “softness.” Focus points (pun intended) during the evening were: the prudent use of EV (exposure valuation) and bracketing EV; use of burst for several reasons presented in the slides; favoring the underexposure of images along with some basic editing comments; my use of Perfect Resize; bracketing f/stops when time and conditions permit; and some additional tips and techniques. I also discussed the somewhat counterintuitive use of underexposing to a greater extent in flat light or shade conditions so that more latitude is afforded when editing such images. Numerous other comments were offered during the presentation, which are not conveyed in the slides. However, I advised the members that I would post the presentation so that they might have free access via my web site for further review of its content. I sincerely hope that the information passed along in our meeting was of use to some members' growth in the field of photography, as well as for anyone who may peruse this material. “Wildlife photography is the ultimate catch and release!” Don Mercer Rustic 41 Creations
Citation preview
“An African Photo Safari”Copyright © 2014 Don Mercer, Rustic 41 Creations
Don MercerRustic 41 Creations
Virginia Beach, Virginia
www.rustic41creations.com
Copyright © 2014 Don Mercer, Rustic 41 Creations
Hampton Roads Digital Shutterbug Club
January 15, 2014
Presented Considering Diversity
of
Experience and Equipment
In Honor
of
Paul Renner and Larry Jordan, P.E.
Men
Of
Vision
And
In Memory of
Regan Steelman
Special Thanks to
Bill Connolly, M.D., & Lucia Zuccala
Larry & Betsy Jordan
Regan & Julie Steelman
Jim & Georgia Struhsaker
Juan & Donna Zumbado
Extraordinary Traveling Companions, Adventurers, and Photographers
“Wildlife photography is
the ultimate catch and release!”
Don Mercer, Rustic 41
Rustic 41 Creationswww.rustic41creations.com
Photography is All About Learning
My dad, who was raised on a farm in the Valley of Virginia, said:
“When you’re green, you grow.
When you’re ripe, you rot!”
Photography is All About Learning
My dad, who was raised on a farm in the Valley of Virginia, said:
“When you’re green, you grow.
When you’re ripe, you rot!”
Photography provides a platform for learningthroughout your life!
Feedback
&
Constructive Criticism
Is
Welcomed and Solicited
Please Hold Any Questions
“An African Photo Safari”
Africa – The Continent
Currently Home to 53 Nations
This Evening’s Program
Overview of Photography & Bases for Analysis
Analysis of Published Images
Some Tips & Techniques
TIMER??
You will be admired and respected by our
fellow Club members!
The Bouncing Balls of Photography
LIGHT
ISO
f/stop
Travel
Space
LINES
BALA
NCE
And More ...
BALANCECOMPOSITON
ARTI
STRY
1/50
0,1/1
00,
Etc.
RULEOf1/3s
Choices …Choices …Choices …
A Few of the Puzzle Pieces
fps Sensors
Lenses
tripo
ds
Makes
WB
File Size
RAW
Models J
PEG filters
EV
BURST! TIFF
Tonight’s Program
“Like drinking from a fire hose!”(USAF)
On the Internet = A Resource
“An African Photo Safari”South Africa
Botswana
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Welcome to Africa!
The Bad News: They weren’t sedated!The Great News: I left with all my body
parts!
“Here Kitty, Kitty!”
NOTE:
Be prepared to sign numerous waivers prior to, and during, such a trip. Some may require you to sign off on not having all body parts available for shipment home!
Photo Credit: Emily, a groundskeeper at Rhino & Lion Park using my cameraOutside Johannesburg, South Africa.
Property Release: E. A. Hern, Owner, Rhino & Lion Nature Reserve – “Vaartjie” & “Medusa”
I did not tell them that I’m a dog person …
The majority of our time on photo safari with noted wildlife photographer, Paul Renner, was
spent in this nation.
Overview of
Photography&
Bases for Analysis
“There are always two people in every picture: the photographer and the viewer.”
Ansel Adams
“There are always two people in every picture: the photographer and the viewer.”
Ansel Adams
“Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.”
Edgar Degas
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D 2D
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D 2D
3D
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D 2D
GreatImager
y!
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D 2D
GreatImager
y!
REQUIRES ARTISTIC INTENT!
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity3D 2D
GreatImager
y!
REQUIRES ARTISTIC INTENT!
AVOID DISTRACTING ELEMENTS!LIKE
THIS!
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography Plan
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography Plan
Manage
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography Plan
ManageUtilize
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography Plan
ManageUtilize
Attempt to Control
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Light = The Essence of All Photography Plan
ManageUtilize
Attempt to ControlPlay to Its Strengths! … AND YOURS!
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Composition – Perspective
The Placement – Arrangement – of Visual Elements
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Lines – Illusion of Depth
Linear Perspective
Diminishing Perspective
Many Times in Nature
&
Especially In Wildlife Photography
You Take Lines Any Way You Come by Them!
“Cat in the Grass!”
ISO 400, f/11, 1/320, -0.3 EV, 110mm, at 8:10 AM – Manual Focus
“A Lioness Stalking Impala!
What’s for Breakfast?”
Lioness
Impala
ISO 400, f/11,
1/250, -0.3 EV
80mm, at 8:13 AM
Impala
AKA
Breakfast
“Bending Down Is a Pain”
ISO 400, f/11, 1/250, 0 EV, 300mm, at 5:16 PM
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Choice of Lenses
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Choice of Lenses
Wide angle lenses:
Tend to emphasize converging lines
Expand foreground to background
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Choice of Lenses
Telephoto lenses:
Tend to compress foreground to background
Subjects appear closer than in reality
AKA “lens compression”
Depth Through Aperture Control
Emphasis
on
Foreground? Middle Ground? Background?
What Provides Sense of Depth?
3D Scene 2D Image 3D Qualities
Contrast
EV = Exposure Valuation
HDR = High Dynamic RangePrincipally Used in Landscape Photography by Merging Images
Due to Motion in Wildlife Photography
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity
4. Telling a story
3D 2D 3D
What Photography Is to Me:
1. Selecting a location & planning
2. Applying technical elements
3. Applying artistic creativity
4. Telling a story + Bringing Images to Life
3D 2D 3D
Attempting to Do Both – Actually All the Above!
Telling a story + Bringing Images to Life
While:
Collecting Memories
&
Recording History – Personal and Other
Breaking a cardinal rule of photographers:
“Show only your best work.”
Must show WIPs & DEMOs for others to learn
Breaking a cardinal rule of photographers:
“Show only your best work.”
Must show WIPs & DEMOs for others to learn
--------------------------------------------------------
On some slides, did not adhere to “6x6 PP Rule”:
6 words per line & 6 lines per slide
Most photographers note following metadata:
ISO
Aperture or f/stop
Shutter speed
EV = exposure valuation
Focal length of lens
Consider:
Adding Time in your analysis
Hour of day is critical in obtaining softer light Best wildlife photography in early AM & late PM
= The Golden Hours
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot (telephoto mostly with larger animals – especially predators, wide-angle, and/or crop)
ISO 400, f/7.1, 1/125, 0.7 EV, 21mm
12:18 PM
Harsh light with some shade from trees
Note: Wide-angle lens used, as an
exception, due to this being an orphan lion in close proximity
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
“Catchlights”
or
“Eye Lights”
=
Exceptional Highlights!
“Marabou Stork” – ISO 400, f/7.1, 1/640, 0.7 EV, 35mm – 12:04 PM
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
2. Focus on “Eyes …
ISO 500, f/9, 1/125, -0.3EV, 300mm
10:53 AM
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
2. “Eyes … Eyes ….
ISO 500, f/10, 1/2500, -0.3 EV, 170mm, at 11:23 AMNote: Lioness had been moving, so increased shutter speed; on down slope of a hill & got better sun angle = softer light, as an advantage, but most of lion in flat light
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
2. “Eyes … Eyes …. Eyes …
ISO 500, f/20, 1/125, 0.3 EV, 300mm
4:14 PM = Golden Hours
Why f/20?Wanted foreground, middle ground with subject, and background all in focus
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
2. “Eyes … Eyes …. Eyes …
And the rest will follow!”
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
1. Eyes = “Catchlight”
2. “ Eyes! Eyes! Eyes! & The rest will follow!”
3. Count the whiskers!
ISO 500, f/10, 1/3200, -0.3 EV, 300mmIncreased ISO to 500 for higher shutter speed (too high), as lion had been moving
quite a bit
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
B. Full body shot – Don’t forget feet & tail! (telephoto or wide-angle and/or crop)
ISO 500, f/10, 1/1250, -0.3 EV, 300mm at 11:34 AMHarsh light, but increased ISO to err for faster shutter speed in case
cheetah ran
Not optimum“travel space”
ISO 500, f/10, 1/1250, -0.3 EV, 185mm, at 8:22 AM – Optimum result with manual focus
Increased ISO to obtain higher shutter speed, as warthog was digging hard with dirt flying
ISO 500, f/9, 1/1250, -0.3 EV, 170mm, at 10:57 AMDoes this springbok have feet? … Poorly composed!
DEMO
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
B. Full body – Don’t forget feet & tail!
C. Animal in habitat (wide angle, occasionally telephoto with little to no crop)
ISO 500, f/10, 1/2000, 0 EV, 125mm, at 10:37 AMCould have reduced ISO, but no noise with Nikon D7000 at this ISO setting
Also, first day of shooting – Began to reduce ISO as shoot progressed – Shutter speed > than needed
Landscape Photography:
At times, use sharp focus on
foreground subject(s) to draw viewer into
a more dramatic middle ground
and/or background composition
Analogy in Wildlife Photography:
Control aperture and areas of focus
Foreground – Middle Ground – Background
In order to make some subjects
Appear in even sharper focus
ISO 400, f/11, 1/500, -0.3 EV, 400mm, hand-held, at 8:20 AMNote: Softening in background using f/11
“Contemplation”ISO – Note: “Softness,” or “Blur,” in middle ground and background
Did you notice the horizon?ISO 400, f/10, 1/640, 0 EV, 300mm, at 3:20 PM
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
B. Full body – Don’t forget feet & tail!C. Animal in habitat
1. Interacting with other animals (natural)
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
B. Full body – Don’t forget feet & tail!C. Animal in habitat
1. Interacting with other animals (natural)
2. Interacting with habitat (natural)
ABCs of Ideal Wildlife Imagery
A. Tight head shot
B. Full body – Don’t forget feet & tail!C. Animal in habitat
1. Interacting with other animals (natural)
2. Interacting with habitat (natural)
3. Reacting to people and unusual behavior
TRY NOT TO DISTURB WILDLIFE!
TRY NOT TO DISTURB WILDLIFE!
TAKE CARE WHEN IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO ALL WILDLIFE
ANIMALS IN THE WILD ARE UNPREDICTABLE!
TRY NOT TO DISTURB WILDLIFE!
TAKE CARE WHEN IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO ALL WILDLIFE
ANIMALS IN THE WILD ARE UNPREDICTABLE!
MOST ALL WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHERS CAN TELL A STORY OR TWO!
And Don’t Forget the Ds of Wildlife Photography!
Talons
Feathers – Texture, Colors, & Patterns
Fur – Texture & Colors
Scales – Patterns & Colors
Teeth
Fangs
Tongue
Feet & Paws
ISO 800, f/5, 1/320, -0.7 EV, 103mm
At 5:11 PM in flat light
Above: Unedited JPEG conversion from RAW
Right: Edited with Aperture and iPhoto only
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
3. Shoot “Clean” – Take More Control and Provide Direction as Desired
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
3. Shoot “Clean” – Take More Control and Provide Direction as Desired
My Term
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
3. Shoot “Clean” – Take More Control and Provide Direction as Desired
High End P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level, Semi-Pro, & Pro Equipment
Approaches to Photography
1. Shoot “Green” – Automatic = Give No Clues or Direction
Point & Shoot (P&S) + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
2. Shoot “Scene” – Provide some Clues as to What Type Image Desired
P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level & Semi-Pro
3. Shoot “Clean” – Take More Control and Provide Direction as Desired
High End P&S + DSLRs: Entry Level, Semi-Pro, & Pro Equipment
Note: Many Pro Model DSLRs Do Not Shoot “Green”
Shoot “Scene” – Some Examples
Portrait = Wide Aperture (i.e., f/5.6) for Shallow Depth of Field (DOF)
Not to be confused with Portrait Orientation versus Landscape Orientation
Shoot “Scene” – Some Examples
Portrait = Wide Aperture (i.e., f/5.6) for Shallow Depth of Field (DOF)
Landscape = Small Aperture for Greater DOF (i.e., f/18)
Shoot “Scene” – Some Examples
Portrait = Wide Aperture (i.e., f/5.6) for Shallow Depth of Field (DOF)
Landscape = Small Aperture for Greater DOF (i.e., f/18)
Sport = Faster Shutter Speed – freeze motion, stop action
Shoot “Scene” – Some Examples
Portrait = Wide Aperture (i.e., f/5.6) for Shallow Depth of Field (DOF)
Landscape = Small Aperture for Greater DOF (i.e., f/18)
Sport = Faster Shutter Speed – freeze motion, stop action
Macro = The “Tulip” for subject to image ratio of > 1:1
Macro is generally viewed as “very close up” photography
Many Others “Scene” Options in Some Cameras:
Panorama
Beach
Food
Snow
Pet Portrait
Underwater
Many Others “Scene” Options in Some Cameras:
Museum
Sunset
Dusk/Dawn
Fireworks
Night Landscape
Party/Indoor
Night Portrait
Every Different Scene SelectedChanges
One or More Variable Settings:
ISO
f/stop
Shutter Speed
White Balance
Metering
Etc.
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
As in start from “Scratch”
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Shutter speed = Freeze Motion
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Shutter speed = Freeze Motion
Metering = Area as to Determining Exposure
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Shutter speed = Freeze Motion
Metering = Area as to Determining Exposure
EV (Exposure Valuation) = Lighting & Contrast (“Steps,” not Stops)
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Shutter speed = Freeze Motion
Metering = Area as to Determining Exposure
EV (Exposure Valuation) = Lighting & Contrast (“Steps,” not Stops)
White Balance = How White & Color Compare to That Seen in Different Conditions
Learn to Shoot “Clean”
Exert Control over Some, Most, or All Settings Available
ISO = Light Sensitivity
Aperture = f/stop
Shutter speed = Freeze Motion
Metering = Area as to Determining Exposure
EV (Exposure Valuation) = Lighting & Contrast (“Steps,” not Stops)
White Balance = How White & Color Compare to That Seen in Different Conditions
And More: File Format; File Size; … and the LIST Goes On!
A Few Observations:
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
But then Cameras Today are Computers – Have Firmware!
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
But then Cameras Today are Computers – Have Firmware!
Algorithms/Software Determine Settings
Differ from Camera to Camera, Make to Make, Model to Model
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
But then Cameras Today are Computers – Have Firmware!
Algorithms/Software Determine Settings
Differ from Camera to Camera, Make to Make, Model to Model
Thus, More Input, Direction, & Control = Improved Results
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
But then Cameras Today are Computers – Have Firmware!
Algorithms/Software Determine Settings
Differ from Camera to Camera, Make to Make, Model to Model
Thus, More Input, Direction, & Control = Improved Results
In General!
A Few Observations:
Camera Is Dumb < Input, Just Like a Computer
But then Cameras Today are Computers – Have Firmware!
Algorithms/Software Determine Settings
Differ from Camera to Camera, Make to Make, Model to Model
Thus, More Input, Direction, & Control = Improved Results
In General!
Suggestion: Exhaust Capabilities of Your Existing Camera < Buying Up
Let’s Div
e
Analysis
of
Published Images
Discussion of Some Photo Safari Images
The next eight (8) images were published in the “PSA [Photographic Society of America] Journal”
My article, “An African Photo Safari,” was published in April, 2013.
Images published are noted by :
“Is He Going to Charge?”
ISO 400, f/8, 1/1000, -0.3 EV, 70mmTaken at 4:46 PM with soft light. Note shadow of
elephant’s ear.What happened to his feet? … Travel space to the
right.
“A Lioness Eyeball to Eyeball at Fifteen Feet!”
ISO 400, f4.5, 1/500, -1.33 EV, 70mmImage taken at 7:01 AM
Chobe National Park, BotswanaImage > editing
Image as captured in flat light
Used wide aperture of f/4.5 due to proximity & to help soften background so that image might appear better focused using the contrast achieved.
Note: Dirt kicked up by the kitty’s left paw!
Confrontation – Count the Whiskers!
“Beauty is In the Eye of the Beholder”
ISO 640, f/5.6, 1/400, -0.7 EV, 300mm, at 7:33 AM
“Time for a Yawn A Hippo Basking on the Chobe
River”
ISO 640, f/10, 1/1000, -0.3 EV, 300mm
at
3:47 PM
“Courtship Among Sables”
ISO 640, f/13, 1/500, -0.7 EV, 300mm, at 9:24 AM
“Colors GaloreA Lilac-Breasted Roller”
ISO 400, f/8, 1/2000, -0.3EV, 300mm
at
8:34 AM
“Show Me Your Teeth!”
ISO 800, f/5, 1/320, -0.7 EV, 102mm, at 5:11 PMIt was important to have two camera bodies at the
ready, one wide-angle and one telephoto, as proximity to animals changed from one moment to another.
“A Hungry Looking Croc”
ISO 640, f/14, 1/250, 0 EV, 300mm, at 5:16 PM
Analysis of Images
Orientation – Landscape 6
Orientation – Portrait 2
Analysis of Images
Orientation – Landscape 6
Orientation – Portrait 2
ISO 400 (3) – 640 (4) – 800 (1)
Analysis of Images
Orientation – Landscape 6
Orientation – Portrait 2
ISO 400 (3) – 640 (4) – 800 (1)
f/stop 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.6 – 8 (2) – 10 – 13 – 14
Analysis of Images
Orientation – Landscape 6
Orientation – Portrait 2
ISO 400 (3) – 640 (4) – 800 (1)
f/stop 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.6 – 8 (2) – 10 – 13 – 14
SS 1/250 – 1/320 – 1/400 – 1/500 (2) – 1/1000 (2) – 1/2000
Analysis of Images
Orientation – Landscape 6
Orientation – Portrait 2
ISO 400 (3) – 640 (4) – 800 (1)
f/stop 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.6 – 8 (2) – 10 – 13 – 14
SS 1/250 – 1/320 – 1/400 – 1/500 (2) – 1/1000 (2) – 1/2000
EV -1.33 – -0.7 (3) –-0.3 (3) – 0
Analysis of Images
Focal Length 70mm (2) – 102mm – 300mm (5)
Analysis of Images
Focal Length 70mm (2) – 102mm – 300mm (5)
Time of Day AM: 7-8 (2) –8-9 – 9-10
PM: 3-4– 4-5 – 5-6 (2)
Analysis of Images
ABCs
Head 1 – Warthog, Hippopotamus
Body 5 – Elephant, Lioness, Roller, Lion, Crocodile
Habitat 1 – Sables
Analysis of Images
ABCs
Head 1 – Warthog, Hippopotamus
Body 5 – Elephant, Lioness, Roller, Lion, Crocodile
Habitat 1 – Sables
Also:
Confrontation 3 – Elephant, Lioness, Crocodile
Analysis of Images
ABCs
Head 1 – Warthog, Hippopotamus
Body 5 – Elephant, Lioness, Roller, Lion, Crocodile
Habitat 1 – Sables
Also:
Confrontation 3 – Elephant, Lioness, Crocodile
WARNING!USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN CONFRONTING ANY ANIMAL, ESPECIALLY
PREDATORS!
Analysis of Images
And Ds – Every image published contained a focused “D” element
Teeth Hippo, Lion, Croc
Tusks Elephant, Warthog
Hair Warthog, Hippo
Whiskers Lioness
Horns Sables
Tongue Lion
Feathers Roller (color & texture)
Analysis of Images
Composition – Rule of Thirds
“The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.
Source: Wikipedia/Rule of thirds
Analysis of Images
Composition – Rule of Thirds
“The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.
“Proponents of the technique claim that aligning a subject with these points creates more tension, energy and interest in the composition than simply centering the subject would.”
Source: Wikipedia/Rule of thirds
Eye on Upper Horizontal Power Line – Right Tusk on Right Vertical Power Line
“Center Power Frame”
My term used when deviating from generally accepted Rule of 1/3s – Especially in “Confrontation” images
Use of “Power Point”
Use of “Power Point”
Body of Roller in Center Power
Frame
Eye at Upper Right Power Point
Heads in Center Power Frame
Head in Center Power Frame – Lower Teeth at Lower Left Power Point
Analysis of Images
Power Points Warthog (2 – Tusk & Eye), Roller, Lion, Croc
Power Lines Elephant, Hippo, Lion
Power Frame Elephant, Lioness, Hippo, Roller, Sables, Lion
Analysis of Images
Power Points Warthog (2 – Tusk & Eye), Roller, Lion, Croc
Power Lines Elephant, Hippo, Lion
Power Frame Elephant, Lioness, Hippo, Roller, Sables, Lion
Note: When varying from “accepted rules,” Do So Boldly!
Suggestions
Set grid lines on viewfinder/LCD to better consider Rule of Thirds
Suggestions
Set grid lines on viewfinder/LCD to better consider Rule of Thirds
However, frame image larger than desired to allow for some cropping
Realize this approach will diminish file size
Suggestions
Set grid lines on viewfinder/LCD to better consider Rule of Thirds
However, frame image larger than desired to allow for some cropping
Realize this approach will diminish file size
Consider Perfect Resize (formerly Genuine Fractals)
Excellent tool for enlarging images while preserving resolution
Overall Conclusions
Diversify image orientation: Landscape versus Portrait
Overall Conclusions
Diversify image orientation: Landscape versus Portrait
Note: Most magazine covers use Portrait
Overall Conclusions
Diversify image orientation: Landscape versus Portrait
Note: Most magazine covers use Portrait
ISO: Consider “noise” issues with higher ISO settings when purchasing
Overall Conclusions
Diversify image orientation: Landscape versus Portrait
Note: Most magazine covers use Portrait
ISO: Consider “noise” issues with higher ISO settings when purchasing
f/stop: 3 < f/8 2 @ f/8 3> f/8
Overall Conclusions
Diversify image orientation: Landscape versus Portrait
Note: Most magazine covers use Portrait
ISO: Consider “noise” issues with higher ISO settings when purchasing
f/stop: 3 < f/8 2 @ f/8 3> f/8
Consider “f/8 and be there” (Attributed to Arthur “Weegee” Fellig)
Technical: Learn the “sweet spot” of each lens
Philosophical: “ … and be there” … in the moment!
f/stop
Learn what every aperture setting
In each lens
With each camera body
Produces with respect to
“Blur” or “Softness”
What areas of whole composition are affected & how?
Study & Analyze DOF!
FAVOR UNDEREXPOSURE!
Overall Conclusions
EV:
All but one (1) image < 0 EV
Only one (1) @ 0 EV
FAVOR UNDEREXPOSURE!
Original unedited image – RAW converted to JPEG
ISO 400, f/4.5, 1/500, -1.3 EV, 70mm, at 7:02 AM – Captured in Flat Light < Sunrise
“Gym Kitty – Look at That Definition!” Previous image cropped somewhat & edited in Aperture & Photoshop
Note cub in right background above mother’s face
Rule of Thirds Grid Applied: Two Power Points – Shoulder and Head, with “Travel Space”
ISO 800, f/20, 1/160, -0.3 EV, 80mm, at 5:59 PM – RAW conversion to JPEG
Underexposure – One in a series for possible merging to achieve greater contrast - HDR
DEMO
DEMO
Previous image, with editing to remove shadows and enhance highlights
DEMO
Underexposed RAW to JPEG – Taken as part of +/- EV sequence for HDR editing
DEMO
Preliminary HDR Editing
DEMO
Just having some fun!
Areas that are overexposed:
“White”
“Hot”
“Blown out”
_______________________CANNOT BE RECOVERED!
Overexposed images leave little to no room for editing!
What areas of entire composition are affected & how?
Manage and Control
DOF
Depth of Field
Aperture Management
1. Select aperture (f/stop) for desired DOF, using Aperture Priority
2. If shutter speed is sufficient, as desired, leave ISO as is
3. If shutter speed is > needed, reduce ISO to reduce potential “noise”
4. If > shutter speed is needed, as desired for conditions, increase ISO,
But Sparingly
5. TAKE TEST SHOTS ANY TIME THAT LIGHTING CONDITIONS CHANGE!
Overall Conclusions
Shutter speed (SS)
Use higher SS only when needed, as requires more light & higher ISO
However, consider not only what the subject is doing;
But what the subject is capable of regarding potential motion!
Overall Conclusions
1/250 Croc Should have been higher due to potential motion!
1/320 Lion Should have been 1/500
1/500 Lioness, sables OK ( unless the lioness jumped into our vehicle!)
1/400 Warthog OK
1/1000Elephant, hippo OK, but could have been lower with hippo
1/2000Roller OK, if not even higher
If had it to do over:Would have considered using 1/500 for all but elephant
& roller, due to potential for motion with those two animals
Overall Conclusions
Lens:
Invest in a long lens!
Prime versus Zoom considerations
Five (5) published images shot at 300mm!
ISO 400, f/9, 1/160, 0.3 EV, 18mm, at 11:12 AM
ISO 400, f/9, 1/160, 0.3 EV, 18mm, at 11:12 AMNote leopard on lower tree limb!
ISO 400, f/9, 1/60, 0.7 EV, 400mm, at 11:02 AM Used tripod as monopod in vehicle, with engine turned off to negate
vibrationsEdited in Aperture, Photoshop, Perfect Resize, Photomatix, & iPhoto – No stone
unturned!
ISO 400, f/9, 1/80, 0 EV, 135mm, at 11:12 AM – Using tripod as monopod
Edited in Aperture, Photomatix, & iPhoto – Work in Progress (WIP): Needs Photoshop editing
DEMO
DEMO
Overall Conclusions
Time of Day (TOD):
AM: 7 - 8 (2)
8 – 9 (1)
9-10 (1)
PM: 3-4 (1)
4-5 (1)
5-6 (2)
Overall Conclusions
Light is the final arbiter of all photography!
Overall Conclusions
Light is the final arbiter of all photography!
USE THE LIGHT!
Overall Conclusions
Light is the final arbiter of all photography!
USE THE LIGHT!
Optimum wildlife photography … Get up and out early
And stay out late!
Overall Conclusions
Light is the final arbiter of all photography!
USE THE LIGHT!
Optimum wildlife photography … Get up and out early
And stay out late!
Use the soft light of the Golden Hours to your advantage!
Overall Conclusions
USE of LIGHT
Soft versus Flat
Soft: Elephant, Warthog, Hippo, Roller, Sables, Croc – 6 = Majority!
Flat: Lioness (early AM < sunrise), Lion (in shade) - 2
Overall Conclusions
USE of LIGHT
Soft versus Flat
Soft: Elephant, Warthog, Hippo, Roller, Sables, Croc – 6 = Majority!
Flat: Lioness (early AM < sunrise), Lion (in shade) - 2
___________________________________
Catchlights: Warthog, Roller, Croc - 3
Overall Conclusions
CATCH the MOMENT!
USE BURST!
Overall Conclusions
CATCH the MOMENT!
USE BURST!
All eight (8) published images were shot using burst!
Each image was one of a sequence shot at high fps!
Use Burst – Continuous High, Sport Mode
For High fps (frame per second) Rate
To Capture Motion Sequences
Lilac-Breasted Roller
ISO 400, f/5.6, 1/2000, 0 EV, 250mm, at 3:49:46 PM
ISO 400, f/5.6, 1/1600, 0.3 EV, 200mm, at 3:52:09 PM
ISO 400, f/5.6, 1/1600, 0.3 EV, 200mm, at 3:52:09
ISO 400, f/5.6, 1/1600, 0.3 EV, 200mm, at 3:52:09
Both captured in
same second:
3:52:09
Use Burst to Capture Quick Changes in Animal Behavior
ISO 400, f/8, 1/1000, 0.3 EV, 300mm
At 9:12:37 AM
This Image & The Following Series of Three (3) Additional Images Are Unedited
All Camera Settings, But for Time as Metadata, Are Identical
Use Burst to Capture Quick Changes in Animal Behavior
At 9:12:37 AM
At 9:12:38 AM
Use Burst to Capture Quick Changes in Animal Behavior
At 9:12:37 AM
At 9:12:38 AM
At 9:12:39 AM
Use Burst to Capture Quick Changes in Animal Behavior
At 9:12:37 AM
At 9:12:38 AM
At 9:12:39 AM
At 9:12:39 AM
Same Sequence of Four (4) Images with Preliminary Editing
9:12:37 AM
Same Sequence of Four (4) Images with Preliminary Editing
9:12:37 AM9:12:38 AM
Same Sequence of Four (4) Images with Preliminary Editing
9:12:37 AM9:12:38 AM
9:12:39 AM
Same Sequence of Four (4) Images with Preliminary Editing
9:12:37 AM9:12:38 AM
9:12:39 AM9:12:39 AM
Which image do you find the most appealing?
Which image do you find the most appealing?
By using burst, you have a choice!
“A Cat’s Curiosity”
Use BurstTo Improve Chances of
Capturing an image in sharp focus
ISO 6400, f/5.3, 1/30, 0 EV, 210mm
At 6:23 PM
Emphasis on:
1/30, hand-held, no brace
Flash not permitted
SOME TIPS
&
TECHNIQUES
Just a few as time is short!
When time & conditions permit:
Bracket EVs
Bracket f/stops
Practice
Manual Focus
For quick use, especially in conditions of wind effecting grass, brush, etc.
Practice
Manual Focus
For quick use, especially in conditions of wind effecting grass, brush, etc.
Do not waste time waiting for autofocus to lock focus points and
Miss a shot!
Consider using fewer than all focus points available
In your camera
Consider using fewer than all focus points available
In your camera
Selection of all focus points may result in points “jumping” in some cameras with subject(s) in
motion …
Causing a missed shot or an out of focus image
Consider using a single focus point
In conjunction with “back button focusing”
Carry a Point & Shoot (P&S)
When more serious camera equipment is packed
&
To tell your story
Manage ISO
to
Obtain Optimum
Aperture
&
Shutter Speed
Seek Stability
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Brace of any sort
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Brace of any sort
Tripod/Monopod – Use More!
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Brace of any sort
Tripod/Monopod – Use More!
Remote/cable release
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Brace of any sort
Tripod/Monopod – Use More!
Remote/cable release
Timer delay
Seek Stability
Breathing control
Brace of any sort
Tripod/Monopod – Use More!
Remote/cable release
Timer delay
Mirror Lock-up
Greater Stability=
Ability to use slower shutter speed
&/or
Ability to use smaller aperture
&/0r
Ability to use lower ISO for less “noise”
When Birding
Larger birds usually have lower wing-beat frequency
=
Lower shutter speed required to freeze motion
______________________________________________
“Cleared for Takeoff”
A Marabou Stork
ISO 800, f/5.6, 1/320, -1.3 EV, 230mm
At 5:46 PM
When Birding
Larger birds usually have lower wing-beat frequency
=
Lower shutter speed required to freeze motion
______________________________________________
Smaller birds usually have faster wing-beat frequency
=
Higher shutter speed required to freeze motion
“Lilac-Breasted Roller”
ISO 400, f/7.1, 1/1600, 0 EV, 160mm, at 4:16 PM
When Birding
Exception to This “Rule”
When “Freezing” Motion of Other Elements Is Desired
“African Fish Eagle – Late for Breakfast: 10:44 AM”ISO 400, f/5, 1/2000, 0.3 EV, 170mm – Water Droplets “Frozen”
Never Delete An Image in the Field!
Never Delete An Image in the Field!
Possibility of reformatting entire memory card!
Backup All Files
ASAP!
Use Filters for Effect
Two schools of thought:
1. Least glass between sensor and subject optimum
2. Use filter for effect & to better protect lens element
Both images: ISO 400, f/10, 1/320, 1.7 EV, 110mm
CPL filter turned “off” – 8:41:47 AM
CPL filter turned “on” – 8:41:52
DEMO DEMO
REMEMBER
Landscapes
“Draw In”_________________________________
REMEMBER
Landscapes
“Draw In”_________________________________
Wildlife
“Jumps Out!”
CLEAN!
CLEAN!
CLEAN!
PRACTICE!
PRACTICE!
PRACTICE!
The Ultimate Quest!
Whether Flying, Driving, Photographing …
Natural
Mechanical
Becomes
The Ultimate Quest!
Whether Flying, Driving, Photographing …
Natural
Mechanical
Becomes
WITHPRACTICE!
Summation
Covered This Evening:
Overview of Photography & Bases for Analysis
Analysis of Published Images
Some Tips & Techniques
In ClosingIf making a trip to the “bush” in Africa, you should be prepared to witness a full range of animal behavior as occurs in the “wild:” animals being attacked; attacking; mating; bleeding, exhibiting injury, dying and death; animals eating other animals; birthing, depending on the season, etc.
You learn to yield to mass, teeth, tusks, fangs, and more while in Africa!
I omitted scenes that included blood and wounded animals lest anyone in tonight’s audience be offended. There is immense beauty to be seen in Africa, but there is also much to be seen of life as it is in the wild, as has occurred for millennia.
****************************
Should anyone have questions, please feel free to discuss with me after tonight’s meeting or email me at:
Thank you for your participation and interest! Feedback is both solicited and welcomed.
Credits
Chillibreeze/ PointO: Maps of Africa & Botswana - Slides #14 & #25
http://www.24point0.com/
CanStockPhoto: Stopwatch - Slide #16https://www.canstockphoto.com/
Sweet Clip Art: Puzzle Pieces - Slide #18https://www.sweetclipart.com
Apple iPhoto: Travel Maps - Slides #21 & #22
Wikipedia: Source Material - Slides #149 & #150
ISO 400, f/10, 1/800, 0.3 EV, 220 mm, at 8:01 AM
Thank You for Your Time and Attention!
Thanks Also
to
Ken Knight, President
and
Cathy Peyton, 1st Vice President
Hampton Roads Digital Shutterbug Club
“Any ?s”
Goodnight
“Sunset on the Zambezi”ISO 400, f/9, 1/1000, -0.3 EV, 66mm, at 5:42 PM
“The Beauty of a Double Rainbow”Colors over Victoria Falls – ISO 320, f/22, 1/125, -1.0 EV, 18mm, Tripod, at
9:42 AM
THE END
ENCORE!“And When There Is No Game, What Do Photographers Do?
Take Photos of Other Photographers!”