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I use this PowerPoint presentation when working with my clients overseas. It helps to establish my point of view as well as open a conversation on the differences between their models of policing and the typical American experience.
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Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
American Municipal American Municipal PolicingPolicing
A Briefing for Foreign A Briefing for Foreign DignitariesDignitaries
By Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster, LAPD By Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster, LAPD (ret.)(ret.)
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
American Municipal PolicingAmerican Municipal Policing
The purpose of this The purpose of this presentation is a presentation is a brief overview of brief overview of the nature of how the nature of how American Municipal American Municipal policing and how it policing and how it may differ from may differ from other countries. other countries.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
American MunicipalAmerican Municipal
Policing differs from Policing differs from
most other countries in most other countries in
that it is:that it is: localized, yet legally localized, yet legally
governed nationally;governed nationally; driven by officer driven by officer
initiated activities; initiated activities; and, and,
Managed in a top-Managed in a top-down manner.down manner.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
A local PhenomenonA local Phenomenon
American Policing is accomplished at American Policing is accomplished at the local levelthe local level
There are more than 18,000 State There are more than 18,000 State and Local law enforcement agenciesand Local law enforcement agencies
While controlled at the local level, While controlled at the local level, law enforcement activity in the law enforcement activity in the United States is governed by the US United States is governed by the US ConstitutionConstitution
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
National GovernanceNational Governance
While accomplished atWhile accomplished at
the local level, the local level, AmericanAmerican
Municipal Policing isMunicipal Policing is
empowered by the USempowered by the US
Constitution.Constitution.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
The 4The 4thth Amendment Amendment
““The right of the people to be secure in The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”persons or things to be seized.”
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Primary ConceptsPrimary Concepts
Reasonable SuspicionReasonable Suspicion Probable CauseProbable Cause DiscretionDiscretion
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Reasonable SuspicionReasonable Suspicion
Police Officers use Police Officers use Reasonable Reasonable Suspicion to detain Suspicion to detain and conduct limited and conduct limited searches.searches.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Probable CauseProbable Cause
Probable cause is Probable cause is used to make used to make arrests and arrests and conduct searches.conduct searches.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
DiscretionDiscretion
A Hallmark of A Hallmark of American Policing American Policing is a police officer’s is a police officer’s authority to authority to intervene and act.intervene and act.
A police officer A police officer chooses:chooses: Do I intervene?Do I intervene? What do I Do?What do I Do? How do I do it?How do I do it?
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Managing Police OfficersManaging Police Officers
InfluenceInfluence Command Command
EmphasisEmphasis LeadershipLeadership SupervisionSupervision TrainingTraining
ControlsControls RulesRules RegulationsRegulations PoliciesPolicies ProceduresProcedures
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
InfluenceInfluence
Command Emphasis – Making things Command Emphasis – Making things more important than others.more important than others.
Leadership – Influencing human Leadership – Influencing human behavior toward organizational goals.behavior toward organizational goals.
Supervision – Leadership and Supervision – Leadership and management when there is an management when there is an organizational relationshiporganizational relationship
Training – Initial and in-serviceTraining – Initial and in-service
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
ControlsControls
Rules – proscription about behaviorRules – proscription about behavior Regulations – proscription about thingsRegulations – proscription about things Procedures – step-by-step instructionProcedures – step-by-step instruction Policies – statement of expected Policies – statement of expected
organizational outcomeorganizational outcome
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Impact of PolicyImpact of Policy
Use of ForceUse of Force
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice
Elements of Model PoliciesElements of Model Policies
WorkableWorkable Adaptable to trainingAdaptable to training Written in a positive mannerWritten in a positive manner Incorporate relevant lawIncorporate relevant law Pre-tested to assure understandPre-tested to assure understand TrainingTraining ExamplesExamples
American PolicingAmerican Policing
Click on the image of Click on the image of “A Concise History of “A Concise History of American Policing” American Policing” for detailed for detailed information on the information on the development of law development of law enforcement in the enforcement in the United States.United States.
Copyright 2009 Hi Tech Criminal Justice