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Beginning of Permanent Colonies in America Jamestown John Smith Pocahontas
Citation preview
Chapter 2The Thirteen
Colonies
Why English Came:
Fortune• No
gold/silver• Tobacco• Fur
Land• Many non
firstborns• Who could
not own land in England
Politics• Escape
tyrants: James I & Charles I
Religion• Reformati
on changes in everyday life
English Settlements Become Permanent
Joint Stock Company Investors share profit, not liabilities Chartered by king
1606 King James I charters 2 companies: London Company (Jamestown) Plymouth Company (fail after 1 year)
Jamestown
1607- First English settlement in New World
Hard life ½ population died first winter (starvation &
disease)
Trouble with Native Indians Land Pocahontas
Implemented discipline in colony Improved relations with Native Indians After his departure
“starving time” 90% population of Jamestown died Without reinforcements from Europe, colony
would have disappeared
Disney version
History version
“anyone who did not work did not
eat”
50060
John Smith
4 Things That Saved Jamestown
1. Martial Law Ended (Rule by the military)
2. House of Burgess Formed
3. Dutch ship arrives
4. Women arrive in Jamestown
1. Martial Law Ended
Why martial law in 1610-11?
What were they afraid of?
What were they trying to accomplish?
2. House of Burgess Formed
1st representative assembly
1st self governing assembly
Tradition started here copied by all other colonies to follow
150 years later Revolutionary War fought for these rights
3. Dutch Ship
First Africans brought to New World Slave Trade Status
Indentured Servants? Lifelong Slaves?
Begins sad history of slavery in
America last over 300 years
4. Women Arrive 90 single women
Purchased for wives Pay for price of her trip
Family Life Stability Happiness Population growth
"...the plantation can never flourish till
families be planted and the respect of wives and children fix the peopleon
the soil.” Sir Edwin Sandy, TreasurerVirginia Company of London,
1620
New Englan
d
Colonies
Massachusetts
Pilgrims on Mayflower 1620 (William Bradford)
Puritans Separatists
VA Massachusetts Plymouth
Outside of VA Co. Had to make their own
gov’t.
MAYFLOWER COMPACT Pilgrim agree to obey laws and elected
leader First document of self-gov’t. in America
FurFish
First written document
of self-gov’t.
John Winthrop Dream = “wilderness zone”
Society lead by the Bible “true christian community”
Connecticut 1636 – Thomas Hooker
Starts 3 communities along Connecticut River
Outside jurisdiction of Bay Colony Own system of gov’t.
FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT First written constitution
of self gov’t Representative gov’t
Rhode Island
Roger Williams• Different views from
Puritans (separate church and state)
• Lived with Indians• Lead the way for
religious tolerance (religious freedom)
Anne Hutchinson• Mom of 15 kids• Different views from
Puritans• Antinomianism =
obedience to God not necessary to show inward relationship with God
Religious Tolerance(Freedom)
Middle Colonies
New York(New Netherland) Dutch
Roosevelt Van Buren Wall St. = defense against
Native Americans
Henry Hudson Explore and claim land
for Dutch
Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island
from Indians
Pennsylvania
William Penn Expelled his beliefs Quaker Land grant from King Charles II
Named it “Penn’s Woods” (Pennsylvania) Holy Experiment = utopia of love, peace and
toleration of all (Philadelphia = city of brotherly love)
Frame of Government Written document by Penn Set precedence for religious toleration and
political liberty for colony
Delaware
Swedish settlement first
Log cabin Fixture of American
society for next 200 years
Southern Colonies
Maryland
1634 – Cecilius and George Calvert led settlers Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore $$$$
Refuge for English Catholics Toleration for all religion (Toleration Acts)
Commercial success tobacco cotton corn vegetables grain fruit and livestock
Safe for Catholics
The Carolina
s North = farmers
South Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper
sugar plantation Trade buckskins & Indian slaves Rice cultivation
Georgia
Southernmost colony
Military buffer against Florida (Spanish)
Reform for debtors & vagrants James Oglethorpe offered rehabilitation
through hard work Men given 50 acres, tools and seeds
Savannah first settlement