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ERNEST HEMINGWAY
Icebergs, Heroes, and Nada
from Fight Club
Narrator: If you could fight any celebrity, who would you fight?Tyler: Alive or dead?Narrator: Doesn't matter, who'd be tough?Tyler: Hemingway. You?Narrator: Shatner. I'd fight William Shatner.
POSTMODERNISM1940s - TODAY
Puritanism
1472 - 1750 Rationalis
m1750 - 1800
Romanticism1820 - 1860
Transcendentalis
m1830 - 1860
Realism
Naturalism
Regionalism
1860 - 1920
Imagism1912 - 1927
The Harlem
Renaissance
1920 - 1935
The Lost Generation1920 - 1930
MODERNISM1900-1940s
American Literary Movements
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He was a journalist (1917), then a volunteer
ambulance driver and active duty soldier (1918) during WWI.
In 1921, he married the first of his four wives and left the U.S. to join the growing band of artists and writers who were gathering in Paris.
Loves: African safaris, heavy drinking, cock fighting, deep sea fishing, other macho stuff
He won the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954.
He committed suicide in 1961.
Ernest Hemingway
The Lost GenerationThis name was given to a group of
authors and artists who came of age during WWI.
The phrase was coined by writer Gertrude Stein. She told Ernest Hemingway, “That is what you are. That is what you all are. You are a lost generation.”
This group included The Great Gatsby author F. Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Eliot, the author of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
The Iceberg Principle
“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show.”
“This Is Just To Say”I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox
and which you were probably saving for breakfast
Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold
“Hills Like White Elephants”The story takes place at a train
station in the Ebro River valley of Spain.
The two main characters are a man (only referred to as “the American” and his female companion (referred to as “Jig.”)
Allusion: White ElephantA white elephant is an idiom for
a valuable but burdensome possession of which its owner cannot dispose and whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep) is out of proportion to its usefulness or worth.
“Hills” Close Reading1. Put yourself into a partnership, preferably a boy-
girl pair. Each person should grab a marker.2. Highlight/underline the second-to-last sentence
in the first paragraph: “It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes” (Hemingway 211).
3. Highlight/underline: “‘That the train is coming in five minutes’” on p. 214.
4. Do now: Assign parts. Boys are the American; girls are Jig. Read this story out loud, as if it were a play. Think carefully about how each character would say his/her lines; consider tone.
5. THINK-PAIR-SHARE: What have these two been doing for thirty-five minutes???
The Iceberg Principle
What does Hemingway
keep underwater
in this story? (#3)
Symbolism of the Setting
Hemingway’s Code HeroHemingway defined the Code Hero
as "a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful."
Code Hero Attributes
1. He is disciplined.He chooses to live a very
structured life amidst a chaotic world.
2. He acts without emotion. He is a doer, not a talker.He doesn’t brag about his
accomplishments.3. He desires women and alcohol. These indulges especially
occur at night to counteract the fear of the dark.
Code Hero Attributes4. He is often afraid of the dark.The dark reminds him of
death.5. He faces death valiantly.He faces death with
dignity because that is the only guarantee a hero can hope for.
6. He does not believe in an afterlife.He believes in Nada,
the Spanish word for “nothing.”
Apprentice HeroesIn Hemingway stories, code heroes are
those characters who have recognized and accepted the reality of nada and who live in compliance with the code.
Apprentice heroes are those characters who are either struggling with the fear, anxiety, and loss of control which the recognition of nada brings, or who are in the process of learning the requirements of the code.
“Indian Camp”Characters:
◦Nick Adams◦Uncle George◦Nick’s father/the doctor◦Indian Man◦Indian Woman
Hemingway vs. Fitzgerald Style Cage MatchWith a partner, take a look at the excerpts
on “Being at a Party.” THINK-PAIR-SHARE:
1. Read each excerpt. 2. Evaluate the writing style of each author by
discussing with your partner. Consider dialect, slang, figurative language, sentence structure, adjective use, etc. You are focused on word choice only. Annotate your paper by circling specific examples of your findings.
3. Whose artistic style do you like better? Why?
Hemingway vs. Twain Style Cage Match
Now, let’s take a look at the excerpts on “Being on a Body of Water.”
THINK-PAIR-SHARE:1. Read each excerpt. 2. Evaluate the writing style of each author by
discussing with your partner. Consider dialect, slang, figurative language, sentence structure, adjective use, etc. You are focused on word choice only. Annotate your paper by circling specific examples of your findings.
3. Whose artistic style do you like better? Why?
Hemingway’s StyleHemingway’s style consists of: 1. simplicity – His sentences and vocabulary are
short and sparse, even though they deal with important issues.
2. reporting – He presents sensory details to the reader as facts, just as a newspaper reports the facts in a story.
3. understating – He employs the “iceberg principle” by revealing only 1/8 of the story and leaving readers to uncover what’s underwater.
4. stream of consciousness - He presents the thoughts and feelings of a character right as they occur.
“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”This story was
published in 1933. Characters:
◦old, deaf man who is drinking at the café
◦young waiter who hates working late, waiting for the old, deaf man to leave
◦old waiter who defends the old, deaf man (because he sees himself in the old man)
“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”Your task:
1. Read this short story independently.
2. While you read, annotate (mark and label) your story for the following items:
a) The 6 Attributes of Hemingway’s Code Hero
b) The 4 Attributes of Hemingway’s Writing Style
3. Turn in your packet of stories when you are finished with your name on it.