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ERNEST HEMINGWAY Icebergs, Heroes, and Nada

American heroes

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Page 1: American heroes

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Icebergs, Heroes, and Nada

Page 2: American heroes

from Fight Club

Narrator: If you could fight any celebrity, who would you fight?Tyler: Alive or dead?Narrator: Doesn't matter, who'd be tough?Tyler: Hemingway. You?Narrator: Shatner. I'd fight William Shatner.

Page 3: American heroes

POSTMODERNISM1940s - TODAY

Puritanism

1472 - 1750 Rationalis

m1750 - 1800

Romanticism1820 - 1860

Transcendentalis

m1830 - 1860

Realism

Naturalism

Regionalism

1860 - 1920

Imagism1912 - 1927

The Harlem

Renaissance

1920 - 1935

The Lost Generation1920 - 1930

MODERNISM1900-1940s

American Literary Movements

Page 4: American heroes

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)

Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He was a journalist (1917), then a volunteer

ambulance driver and active duty soldier (1918) during WWI.

In 1921, he married the first of his four wives and left the U.S. to join the growing band of artists and writers who were gathering in Paris.

Loves: African safaris, heavy drinking, cock fighting, deep sea fishing, other macho stuff

He won the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954.

He committed suicide in 1961.

Page 5: American heroes

Ernest Hemingway

Page 6: American heroes

The Lost GenerationThis name was given to a group of

authors and artists who came of age during WWI.

The phrase was coined by writer Gertrude Stein. She told Ernest Hemingway, “That is what you are. That is what you all are. You are a lost generation.”

This group included The Great Gatsby author F. Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Eliot, the author of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.

Page 7: American heroes

The Iceberg Principle

“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show.”

Page 8: American heroes

“This Is Just To Say”I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox

and which you were probably saving for breakfast

Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold

Page 9: American heroes

“Hills Like White Elephants”The story takes place at a train

station in the Ebro River valley of Spain.

The two main characters are a man (only referred to as “the American” and his female companion (referred to as “Jig.”)

Page 10: American heroes

Allusion: White ElephantA white elephant is an idiom for

a valuable but burdensome possession of which its owner cannot dispose and whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep) is out of proportion to its usefulness or worth.

Page 11: American heroes

“Hills” Close Reading1. Put yourself into a partnership, preferably a boy-

girl pair. Each person should grab a marker.2. Highlight/underline the second-to-last sentence

in the first paragraph: “It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes” (Hemingway 211).

3. Highlight/underline: “‘That the train is coming in five minutes’” on p. 214.

4. Do now: Assign parts. Boys are the American; girls are Jig. Read this story out loud, as if it were a play. Think carefully about how each character would say his/her lines; consider tone.

5. THINK-PAIR-SHARE: What have these two been doing for thirty-five minutes???

Page 12: American heroes

The Iceberg Principle

What does Hemingway

keep underwater

in this story? (#3)

Page 13: American heroes

Symbolism of the Setting

Page 14: American heroes

Hemingway’s Code HeroHemingway defined the Code Hero

as "a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful."

Page 15: American heroes

Code Hero Attributes

1. He is disciplined.He chooses to live a very

structured life amidst a chaotic world.

2. He acts without emotion. He is a doer, not a talker.He doesn’t brag about his

accomplishments.3. He desires women and alcohol. These indulges especially

occur at night to counteract the fear of the dark.

Page 16: American heroes

Code Hero Attributes4. He is often afraid of the dark.The dark reminds him of

death.5. He faces death valiantly.He faces death with

dignity because that is the only guarantee a hero can hope for.

6. He does not believe in an afterlife.He believes in Nada,

the Spanish word for “nothing.”

Page 17: American heroes

Apprentice HeroesIn Hemingway stories, code heroes are

those characters who have recognized and accepted the reality of nada and who live in compliance with the code.

Apprentice heroes are those characters who are either struggling with the fear, anxiety, and loss of control which the recognition of nada brings, or who are in the process of learning the requirements of the code.

Page 18: American heroes

“Indian Camp”Characters:

◦Nick Adams◦Uncle George◦Nick’s father/the doctor◦Indian Man◦Indian Woman

Page 19: American heroes

Hemingway vs. Fitzgerald Style Cage MatchWith a partner, take a look at the excerpts

on “Being at a Party.” THINK-PAIR-SHARE:

1. Read each excerpt. 2. Evaluate the writing style of each author by

discussing with your partner. Consider dialect, slang, figurative language, sentence structure, adjective use, etc. You are focused on word choice only. Annotate your paper by circling specific examples of your findings.

3. Whose artistic style do you like better? Why?

Page 20: American heroes

Hemingway vs. Twain Style Cage Match

Now, let’s take a look at the excerpts on “Being on a Body of Water.”

THINK-PAIR-SHARE:1. Read each excerpt. 2. Evaluate the writing style of each author by

discussing with your partner. Consider dialect, slang, figurative language, sentence structure, adjective use, etc. You are focused on word choice only. Annotate your paper by circling specific examples of your findings.

3. Whose artistic style do you like better? Why?

Page 21: American heroes

Hemingway’s StyleHemingway’s style consists of: 1. simplicity – His sentences and vocabulary are

short and sparse, even though they deal with important issues.  

2. reporting – He presents sensory details to the reader as facts, just as a newspaper reports the facts in a story.

3. understating – He employs the “iceberg principle” by revealing only 1/8 of the story and leaving readers to uncover what’s underwater.

4. stream of consciousness - He presents the thoughts and feelings of a character right as they occur.

Page 22: American heroes

“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”This story was

published in 1933. Characters:

◦old, deaf man who is drinking at the café

◦young waiter who hates working late, waiting for the old, deaf man to leave

◦old waiter who defends the old, deaf man (because he sees himself in the old man)

Page 23: American heroes

“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”Your task:

1. Read this short story independently.

2. While you read, annotate (mark and label) your story for the following items:

a) The 6 Attributes of Hemingway’s Code Hero

b) The 4 Attributes of Hemingway’s Writing Style

3. Turn in your packet of stories when you are finished with your name on it.