Done by\ Eman Salman Al-HassanKing Faisal UniversityCollege of Medicine

AGE-RELATED MACULAR

DEGENERATION

STORY from the life!

Mrs. Barbara Watson

OBJECTIVES

-Definition - Stages- Symptoms - Risk factors- Diagnosis- Treatment- Rehabilitation - Prevention

-References

DIFINITION

It is common painless (maybe painful) gradual (maybe rapid) progressive eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss among people aged 50 years old and older

Macula NORMALLY.,’

STAGESEarly AMD

Late AMD

DRY AMD WET AMD

COMPARE WITH NORMAL,.’

Dry AMDIncidence\ 85-90%

Atrophy in choriocapillaris and RPE + appearance of large drusen --> hyperpigmentation + regression of the drusen + appearance of hypopigmentation --> refractile deposits --> atrophic changes

CONTINOUS PROGRESSION!!

Wet AMDIncidence\ 15-10%

New blood vessels from the choriocapillaris penetrate the RPE basement membrane and invade the retina. These blood vessels

leak fluid, fats and blood beneath and within the retina. These eventually heal by scarring (disciform scar).

SYMPTOMS,.’Need brighter light

when reading or doing close work

Difficulty adapting to low

light levels

Blurriness of printed words

Decrease in the intensity or

brightness of colors

Difficulty recognizing faces

Crooked central vision

A blurred or blind spot In the center

of vision

RISK FACTORS,.’

DIAGNOSIS,.’1 -Eye examination

2 -Amsler grid3 -Fluorescein angiogram

4 -Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography5 -Optical coherence tomography (OCT), non-invasive

Eye examinationFondoscopy vs Slit lamp

Amsler gridNormal vs AMD

Fluorescein angiographyFondoscopy VS Fluorescein angiography

Optical coherence tomography Monitoring

TREATMENT,.’DRY AMD,. We can't reverse dry macular degeneration

1 -Increased vitamin intake:Taking a high-dose formulation of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, E), Zinc and Copper.

2 -Surgery to implant a telescopic lens in one eye.

 

TREATMENT,.’

1 -Medications\ to stop growth of abnormal blood vessels. -Bevacizumab -Ranibizumab

-Pegaptanib -Aflibercept (Eylea)

2 -Photodynamic therapy.Repeated treatments over time.

3 -Photocoagulation 

WET AMD,. We can't reverse wet macular degeneration

REHABILITATION,.’

1 -Check your eyeglasses2 -Use magnifiers

3 -Change your computer display and add audio systems

4 -Use alternative options for books5 -Select special appliances made for low vision

6 -Use brighter lights in your home7 -Use caution when driving and transportation

8 -Get support

PREVENTION,.’

REFERENCES,.’:// . . . / / / _https www nei nih gov health maculardegen armd facts

:// . . / / . #http www allaboutvision com conditions amd htm

:// . . / / - / /http www nhs uk Conditions Macular degeneration Pages In.troduction aspx

:// . . / - / -http www mayoclinic org diseases conditions macular dege/ / / -200758 82neration basics symptoms con a

:// . . / - / - -http www mayoclinic org diseases conditions wet macular d/ / - / -20043518egeneration basics tests diagnosis con

:// . . / _ / /http eyecenter dukemedicine org eye center specialties ma_ / _ / _ _cular degeneration care guides macular degeneration freque

_ _ntly asked questions

♡♥ Thank you ♥♡