BY:- Ashik Tp

Bhavini Tandel

Pooja Solanki

shrikant Ahir

siddharth Thorat

Niyati Mehta

Physical Map Of Africa

Political Map Of Africa

Introduction • Africa comes from the Latin aprica, meaning "sunny"• Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent.• It covers six percent of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land

area.• It accounts for about 15% of the world's human population i.e 1.1 billion

population• It has 54 countries and nine territories• Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria by population• Central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and great apes

• 1951, Libya, a former Italian colony, gained independence

• 1956; Tunisia and Morocco won their independence from France.

• 1957: Ghana followed suit the next year  becoming the first of the sub-Saharan colonies to be freed. Most of the rest of the continent became independent over the next decade.

• 1961: Nelson Mandela proposes armed struggle. Following year he is jailed for life

• Independence movements in Africa gained momentum following World War II, which left the major European powers weakened..

•  The continent as a whole experienced one of the more turbulent years in its recent history with widespread protests, unrest, civil wars, and insurgencies

SOME MAJOR HISTORY OF AFRICA

Climate of Africa• Africa is the hottest continent on earth and

60% of the entire land surface consists of drylands and deserts.

• The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks.

• Its northern half is primarily desert, or arid, while its central and southern areas contain both savanna plains and very dense jungle (rainforest) regions.

• The record for the highest-ever recorded temperature, in Libya in 1922 (58 °C (136 °F)), was discredited in 2013

Economy • Although it has abundant natural resources, Africa

remains the world's poorest and most underdeveloped continent,

• the result of a variety of causes that may include corrupt governments that have often committed serious human rights violations, failed central planning, high levels of illiteracy, and frequent tribal and military conflict

• natural resources including diamonds, salt,gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum and cocoa beans, but also woods and tropical fruits.

Area 30,221,532 km2 Population 1.1 billionCountries 54Territories 9

Highest GDP 568.508$ billionLowest GDP 1.022$ billion

Languages 3000 natively spoken

Standard Currency US Dollar

Some Countries which we are going to cover

NigeriaSouth AfricaTunisiaSudanUganda Democratic Republic Of CongoBotswanaMozambiqueMoroccoAngola

Its often reffered as “Gaint of Africa”Nigeria is Africa's most populous country grew through

the 19th century. President of Nigeria is Muhammadu BuhariA series of constitutions after World War II granted

Nigeria greater autonomyIt is the highest GDP countryThe elections of 2011 were generally regarded as

credible

• Capital:- Abuja• Currency:- Naira • Location :- Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon• Population:- 181,562,056• Area :- total: 923,768 sq km land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km• Land use :- agricultural land: 78% arable land 37.3%; permanent crops 7.4%;

permanent pasture 33.3% forest: 9.5% other: 12.5% • Languages : English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over500additional

indigenous languages• Religion:-Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

GDP:- Total $574 billion Agriculture: 20.2% Industry: 24.9% Services: 54.8%

Exports:- $82.59 billion  Commodities- petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber Partners -India 15.4%, Brazil 10.2%, Netherlands 8.5%, Spain 8.5%, South Africa 5.5%, France 5.4%, Germany 5.1%, Japan 4.4% 

Imports:- $61.59 billion commodities:- machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

partners:- China 25.3%, US 9.7%, India 4.7%

Budget:- revenues: $23.48 billion expenditures: $27.83 billion

Economic activites: Nigeria is a middle income, mixed economy and emerging market, with expanding financial, service, communications, technology and entertainment sectors

Main industries:- cement, oil refining,construction and construction materials, food processing and food products, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and footwear, pharmaceutical products, wood products, pulp paper products, chemicals,ceramic products, plastic andrubber products, electrical and electronic products, base metals: iron and steel,information technology,automobile manufacturing and other manufacturing

SOUTH AFRICA

The name "South Africa" is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa

the Republic of South Africa president is Jacob zuma  the British and the Afrikaners, ruled together beginning in 1910

under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum

South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.

The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons

• Capital:- Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)

• Currency:- rand • Location:-Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa• Population:- 53,675,563• Area :- total: 1,219,090 sq km land: 1,214,470 sq km water: 4,620 sq km• Land use :- agricultural land: 79.4% ; permanent crops 0.3%; pasture 69.2% forest: 7.6% other: 13% • Languages :IsiZulu (official) 22.7%,Afrikaans (official) 13.5%, English (official) 9.6%, Sepedi

(official) 9.1%, Setswana (official) 8%, Sesotho (official) 7.6%, Xitsonga (official) 4.5%, siSwati (official) 2.5%,, other 1.6%

• Religion:-Protestant 36.6% (Zionist Christian 11.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%

GDP:- total $707.1 billion agriculture: 2.5% industry: 29.5% services: 68%Exports:- $92.54 billion commodities:- gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment partners:-China 9.5%, US 7.1%, Japan 5.3%, Botswana 5.3%, Germany 5%, Namibia 5%, India 4.1%Imports:- $98.87 billion commodities:- machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs partners:-China 15.5%, Germany 10.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.2%, US 6.7%, Nigeria 5.2%, India 4.6%Budget:- revenues: $90.6 billion expenditures: $104.4 billion

Economic activites:Agriculture: 2.2%;Mining: 10%;Manufacturing: 13.3%;Electricity and water: 2.6%;Construction: 3.9%Wholesale, retail and motor trade, catering and accommodation: 14.6%;Transport, storage and communication: 9%

Main industries:-mining (world's largest producer of platinum), gold, chromium, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertiliser, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair

TUNISIA Tunisia officially the Tunisian Republic or the Republic

of Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa The president of Tunisia is Beji Caid Essebsi Tunisia possesses petroleum, phosphates, iron ore,

lead, zinc, salt and arable land. The culture of Tunisia is mixed due to their long

established history of outside influence from people ‒ such as Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks, Italians, Spaniards, and the French ‒ who all left their mark on the country.

Capital:- TunisCurrency:- Tunisian dinar

Location:- Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya

Population:- 11,037,225

Area :- total: 163,610 sq. km land: 155,360 sq. km water: 8,250 sq. km

Land use :- agricultural land: 64.8% arable land 18.3%; permanent crops 15.4%; permanent pasture 31.1% Forest: 6.6% other: 28.6%

Languages : Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight

Religion:- Muslim (official; Sunni) 99.1%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) 1%

• GDP:- $124.7 billion agriculture: 9.5% industry: 29.5% services: 61%

• Exports:- $16.84 billion commodities: clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment partner: France 29.7%, Italy 17.1%, Germany 11.5%, Libya 5.4% 

• Imports:- $23.4 billion commodities: textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs partners: France 19.9%, Italy 19.5%, Germany 7.6%, China 5.5%, Spain 5.4%, Turkey 4.1%

• Budget:- revenues: $11.99 billion expenditures: $14.12 billion

• Main industries:- petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages

SUDAN

Sudan officially the Republic of the Sudan is a country in north-east Africa

It is the third largest country in Africa President of Sudan is Omar al-Bashir Sudan was home to numerous ancient civilizations most of

which flourished along the Nile Sudan is as geographically diverse as it is culturally; in the

north, the Nile cuts through the eastern edge of the Sahara: the Nubian desert, the site of the Ancient Kingdoms of Cush and Meroe, and the land of the Seti. 

Capital:- KhartoumCurrency:-Sudanese poundLocation:-Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and EritreaPopulation:- 41,980,182Area :- total: 2,505,813 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,813 sq km

Land use :-arable land: 6.78% permanent crops: 0.17% other: 93.05%

Languages :Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo- Hamitic, Sudanic languagesReligion:- Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum), indigenous beliefs 25%

• GDP:-Total:$160.2 billion Agriculture: 29.2% Industry: 20.4% Services: 50.4% • Exports:-$4.35 billion Commodities: gold ,oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar Partners: Macau 30.2%, uae 30.2%, Saudi Arabia 14.6%, Egypt 4.9%• Imports:-$8.106 billion Commodities: foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat Partners: Macau 20.1%, uae 10.2%, india 8%, malaysia 7.4%, egypt 5.3%, saudi arabia 4.5%• Budget:- revenues: $6.548 billion Expenditures: $9 billion• Main industries:-oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes,

petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

UGANDA

Uganda officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa

Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country

President of Uganda is Yoweri MuseveniThe country is blessed with all kinds of wildlife .Its abundant

wildlife includes endangered gorillas and chimpanzees as well as rare birds

The new integration of Uganda into the Eastern Africa Community is great for tourism as well.

Capital:- Kampala

Currency:- Ugandan shilling

Location:- East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Population:- 37,101,745

Area :- total: 241,038 sq km land: 197,100 sq km water: 43,938 sq km

Land use :- agricultural land: 71.2% arable land 34.3%; permanent crops 11.3%; permanent pasture 25.6% forest: 14.5% other: 14.3%

Languages : English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Religion:- English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

GDP:- $75.08 Billion Agriculture: 26.7% Industry: 22.2% Services: 51.1%

Exports:- $2.743 Billion Commodities:coffee, Fish And Fish Products, Tea, Cotton, Flowers, Horticultural Products; Gold Partner:rwanda 10.1%, Uae 9.8%, Democratic Republic Of The Congo 9.3%, Kenya 9.1%, Netherlands 6%, Germany 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, China 5.3%

Imports:- $5.116 Billion Commodities : Capital Equipment, Vehicles, Petroleum, Medical Supplies; Cereals Partner: Kenya 18.3%, Uae 14.3%, India 12.8%, China 11.3%, Japan 4.4%

Budget:- Revenues: $3.412 Billion Expenditures: $4.494 Billion

Main Industries:- Sugar, Brewing, Tobacco, Cotton Textiles; Cement, Steel Production

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo also known as DR Congo Congo, DRC, DROC, RDC,

Joseph Kabila is the president of DRCDemocratic Republic of the Congo offers tourists many

unique opportunities to see wildlife, indigenous cultures,

and geological wonders not found easily or anywhere else in Africa

The Democratic Republic of Congo is widely considered to be the richest country in the world regarding natural resources

Capital:- KinshasaCurrency:-Congolese francLocation:-Central Africa, northeast of AngolaPopulation:- 79,375,136Area :-total: 2,344,858 sq kmland: 2,267,048 sq kmwater: 77,810 sq kmLand use :- agricultural land: 11.4% arable land 3.1%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 8%forest: 67.9%other: 20.7% Languages : French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, TshilubaReligion:- Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other 10%

GDP:-Total:$700 Agriculture: 21.2% Industry: 33.2% Services: 45.7%

Exports:-$12.98 Billion Commodities: Diamonds, Copper, Gold, Cobalt, Wood Products, Crude Oil, Coffee Partners:china 39.3%, Zambia 24.7%, Italy 8.6%, Belgium 4.4%Imports:- $11.98 Billion

Commodities: Foodstuffs, Mining And Other Machinery, Transport Equipment, Fuels Partners:china 19.6%, South Africa 17.9%, Zambia 15.9%, Belgium 6.1%, Zimbabwe 4.9%

Budget:- Revenues: $5.806 Billion Expenditures: $6.385 Billion

Main Industries:- Mining (Copper, Cobalt, Gold, Diamonds, Coltan, Zinc, Tin, Tungsten), Mineral Processing, Consumer Products (Textiles, Plastics, Footwear, Cigarettes), Metal Products, Processed Foods And Beverages, Timber, Cement, Commercial Ship Repair

BOTSWANA

Botswana, which is the southern territory became part of the cape colony and is now a part of the northern province of south Africa

Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated nations in the world. Around 10 % of the population lives in the capital and largest city

The president of botswana is Ian KhamaThe largest minority ethnic groups are theBaKalanga, and San

or AbaThwa, San people are still living their traditional hunter-gatherer style of life

Capital: GaboroneCurrency: Botswana pulaLocation: Southern Africa, north of South Africa Area: total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km Land use: arable land: 0.65% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.34% (2005) Religions: Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% Languages: Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4%

• GDP: Total:-$24.14 billion agriculture: 1.6% industry: 51.5% services: 46.9% • Exports: $4.798 billion

commodities: diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles partners: European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4%

• Imports: $2.766 billion commodities: foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products

partners: Southern African Customs Union 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% • Budget: $4.886 billion • Economic activities: Finance, service, communication & technology• Main industries:-textiles , machinery, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products,

metal and metal products

MOZAMBIQUE

 It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east

The president of Mozambique is Filipe Nyusi Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in

the world. Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources

However, the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita human development, measures of inequality and average life expectancy

Mozambique attracts tourists. The country's natural beauty, wildlife, and historic heritage provide opportunities for beach, cultural, and eco-tourism

• Capital:-Maputo• Currency:-metical • Population:-21,284,701 • Location: South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between

South Africa and Tanzania • Area: total: 801,590 sq km

land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km

• Land use: arable land: 5.43% permanent crops: 0.29% other: 94.28%

• Religions: Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1%

• Languages: Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%

• GDP: Total: $8.132 billion agriculture: 23.1% industry: 30.2% services: 46.7%• Exports: Total:- $2.731 billion commodities: aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity partners: Netherlands 59.7%, South Africa 15.2%, Zimbabwe 3.2% • Imports: Total:-$3.028 billion

commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles partners: South Africa 36.3%, Netherlands 15.6%, Portugal 3.3

• Budget: revenues: $2.163 billion • Economic Activities:- Finance, trade, communication, service.• Main Industries:-machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal

products, foodstuffs, textiles.

MOROCCO

• Morocco is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa .• Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior and

large portion of desert.• The current king of morocco is King Hassan • Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Moroccan

economy, it is well developed with a strong tourist industry focused on the country's coast, culture, and history. Morocco attracted more than 10 million tourists in 2013

• Education in Morocco is free and compulsory through primary school. The estimated literacy rate for the country in 2012 was 72%

Capital:-Rabat

Currency:-Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Location:-Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western SaharaPopulation:-33,848,242

Area :- total: 446,550 sq km land: 446,300 sq km water: 250 sq kmLand use :-agricultural land: 67.5% arable land 17.5%; permanent crops 2.9%; permanent pasture 47.1% forest: 11.5% other: 21%Languages :Arabic .Berber , recognised national language French

Religion:-Muslim 99% ,other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i)

GDP:- total:$259.2 billion agriculture: 13% industry: 29.3% services: 57.7%Exports:- $19.95 billion commodities: clothing and textiles, automobiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish partners: Spain 22%, France 20.7%, Brazil 4.6%, Italy 4.3%Imports:-$40.27 billion commodities: crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics partners: Spain 13.4%, France 13.3%, China 7.6%, US 7%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, Germany 5.2%, Italy 5%, Russia 4.3%Budget:- revenues: $28.86 billion expenditures: $34.06 billionMain industries:-automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism

ANGOLA

Angola is the world’s twenty third largest country . It is comparable in size to Mali or twice the size of France or Texas.

The president of angola is José Eduardo dos SantosAngola has a rich subsoil heritage, from diamonds, oil, gold,

copper, and a rich wildlife forest, and fossils, oil and diamonds have been the most important economic resource

by law education in Angola is compulsory and free for eight years, the government reports that a percentage of students are not attending due to a lack of school buildings and teachers

CAPITAL : LuandaCURRENCY : Kwanza Location:-Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the CongoPOPULATION : 24,383,301

AREA : TOTAL : 1,246,700 km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq kmLand use: agricultural land: 47.3%arable land 3.8%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 43.3%forest: 46.8%other: 5.9% LANGUAGE : Portuguese Religion :indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15%

GDP:- $177.3 billion agriculture: 10.2% industry: 61.4% services: 28.4% Exports:- total: $59.24 billion commodities: machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

partners: China 23.7%, Portugal 16.3%, US 8.1%, South Korea 7.1%, Brazil 5%, South Africa 4.2%, France 4.1% Imports:- total: $29.98 billion commodities: machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

partners: China 23.7%, Portugal 16.3%, US 8.1%, South Korea 7.1%, Brazil 5%, South Africa 4.2%, France 4.1%

Budget:- revenues: $47.09 billion expenditures: $55.8 billion

Main industries:-petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Some current affairs of Africa• Chinese President Xi Jinping has announced a 60 billion dollars package to African

nations during the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Johannesburg, South Africa

• January 30, 2016 26th African Union Assembly meeting opens with calls for human rights, particularly women’s rights under Agenda 2063, peace, and development Addis Ababa

• South African city of Durban has been selected as the host for the 22nd edition of Commonwealth Games to be held in 2022. For the first time in the history of Commonwealth Games, African nation has been chosen as host of the Games.

• Agreement for establishing NDB was signed during the 6th BRICS Summit being held in Fortaleza, Brazil in April, 2014. It was formally launched at the 7th BRICS summit held in Ufa, Russia in July 2015.

Conclusion• Africa is sometimes nicknamed the “Mother continent” due to its being the

oldest inhabited continent on earth• Africa the cradle of human civilization• African continent increasingly becoming the global hub for business• Africa’s population is the youngest amongst all the continents

DANKIE!!