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Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net
Adverb Clauses
A Quick Review of Reductionto Phrases with Practice
Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net
Reducing Adverb ClausesClauses of:
TIMEREASON
OPPOSITION
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To Reduce…Subjects of both clauses MUST
be the sameVerb in the ADV CLAUSE can
change to participleSubordinator often optional
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BEFORE CLAUSEBefore she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.
Before she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.
Before she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.
moving
her move
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YOU TRY
Before I ate the last cookie, I made some tea.
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Before I ate the last cookie, I made some tea.
Before I ate the last cookie, I made some tea.
eating
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AFTER CLAUSEAfter she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.
After she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.
After she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.
owning
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YOU TRYAfter Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.
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YOU TRYAfter Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.
After Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.
After Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.
standing
Sam
Sam
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SINCE CLAUSE
The students have been taking a test since they arrived in class.
The students have been taking a test since they arrived in class.arriving
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Since I have bought a new car, I must work harder to pay for it!
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Since I have bought a new car, I must work harder to pay for it!
Since I have bought a new car, I must work harder to pay for it!
buying
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WHILE CLAUSE
While it was printing my paper, the printer blew up.
While it was printing my paper, the printer blew up.
printing
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YOU TRY
While Cindy drove to work, she ate a breakfast burrito.
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While Cindy drove to work, she ate a breakfast burrito.
While Cindy drove to work, she ate a breakfast burrito.
driving Cindy
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AS CLAUSE
1. Cindy ate a breakfast burrito as she was driving to work,
2. Cindy ate a breakfast burrito as she was driving to work.
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AS CLAUSE
3. As she was driving to work,
Cindy ate a breakfast burrito.
4. Driving to work, Cindy ate a breakfast burrito.
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Fred buttoned his shirt as he answered the phone.
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Fred buttoned his shirt as he
answered the phone.
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As he answered the phone, Fred buttoned his shirt.
Answering the phone, Fred buttoned his shirt.
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AS SOON AS CLAUSEAs soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.
As soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.
As soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.
Upon finishing
On finishing
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YOU TRY
As soon as I grade these papers, I will watch American Idol.
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YOU TRY
As soon as I grade these papers, I will watch American Idol.
As soon as I grade these papers, I will watch American Idol.
Upon grading
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REASON CLAUSE ADV REDUCTIONSubordinator and Subject deleted
Verb changed to ING form
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BECAUSE / SINCE / AS REG VERB CLAUSE
Because she studies so much, she expects good grades.
Because she studies so much, she expects good grades.
Studying so much
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Because Harry loves French fries, he eats at MacDonald’s every day.
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Because Harry loves French fries, he eats at MacDonald’s every day.
Because Harry loves French fries, he eats at MacDonald’s every day.
Loving
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BECAUSE / SINCE / AS REG VERB CLAUSE
Since she studies so much, she expects good grades.
Because she studies so much, she expects good grades.
Studying so much
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Since she reads a lot, Suzy has a big vocabulary.
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Since she reads a lot, Suzy has a big vocabulary.
Since she reads a lot, Suzy has a big vocabulary.
Reading
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BECAUSE / SINCE / AS REG VERB CLAUSE
As she studies so much, she expects good grades.
As she studies so much, she expects good grades.
Studying so much,
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As he walks to work in the morning, Sam is very healthy.
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As he walks to work in the morning, Sam is very healthy.
As he walks to work in the morning, Sam is very healthy.
Walking
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BECAUSE / SINCE / AS BE VERB CLAUSE
Because she was unhappy, she expected bad grades.
Because she was unhappy, she expected bad grades.
Being unhappy,
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Since he is a doctor, Jeff works long hours.
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Since he is a doctor, Jeff works long hours.
Since he is a doctor, Jeff works long hours.
Being
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BECAUSE / SINCE / AS NEGATIVE VERB CLAUSE
Because she didn’t want to study, she expected bad grades.
Because she didn’t want to study, she expected bad grades.
Not wanting to study,
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Because he doesn’t like the teacher, Todd will drop the class.
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Because he doesn’t like the teacher, Todd will drop the class.
Because he doesn’t like the teacher, Todd will drop the class.
Not liking
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BECAUSE OF VERB CLAUSE
Because she was unhappy, she expected bad grades.
Because she was unhappy, she expected bad grades.
Because of her unhappiness,
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Because he is angry, Todd will drop the class.
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Because he is angry, Todd will drop the class.
Because he is angry, Todd will drop the class.
of his anger,
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OPPOSITION CLAUSE REDUCTIONSome Subordinators and Subject Deleted
Although/Even Though/ Though NOT Deleted
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ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / WHILE CLAUSE REDUCTION
Although she was unhappy, Claudia stayed in the class.
Although she was unhappy, Claudia stayed in the class.
unhappy,
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Although Stan needs new shoes, he doesn’t have money to buy them.
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Although Stan needs new shoes, he doesn’t have money to buy them.
Although Stan needs new shoes, he doesn’t have money to buy them.
needingStan
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(Time) Having + Past Part
After she burned the lasagna, they decided to order out.After burning the lasagna, they decided to order out.Having burnt the lasagna, they decided to order out.
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(Reason) Having + Past Part
Because she lost her keys, she couldn’t go to work.
After losing her keys, she couldn’t go to work.Having lost her keys, she couldn’t go to work.
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After he lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.
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After he lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.
Having lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.
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Because the people disliked the president, they voted him out of office.
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Because the people disliked the president, they voted him out of office.
Having disliked the president, they voted him out of office.
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Reducing The PASSIVE (Time)
Before it was burned, the lasagna looked really good.
Before it was burned, the lasagna looked really good.
being
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Reducing The PASSIVE (Reason)
Because the keys were lost, they couldn’t start the car.
Having been lost, they couldn’t start the car.
the keys
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Fragments
DC punctuated as IC I lost 5 pounds. Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.
When I went to school. I forgot my books.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Fragments
DC punctuated as IC I lost 5 pounds. Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.
When I went to school. I forgot my books.
pounds because
school, I
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems:
Punctuation ErrorsDC missing comma IC
Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast I lost 5 pounds.
IC no comma DC I lost 5 pounds , because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems:
Punctuation ErrorsDC missing comma IC
Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast I lost 5 pounds.
IC no comma DC I lost 5 pounds , because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.
,
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Dangling Participles (MM)
While painting the house, the phone rang.
Houses can’t paint themselves.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Dangling Participles (MM)
While painting the house, the phone rang.
While I painted the house, the phone rang.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems:
Because OfBecause of he was angry, he punched the wall.
Prepositions don’t start clauses.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems:
Because OfBecause of he was angry, he punched the wall. Because of his anger, he punched the wall.Because he was angry, he punched the wall.
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Double ConnectorsAlthough he wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.
Two connectors is one too many!
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ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Double Connectors
Although he wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.
Although he wanted to lose weight, he kept eating candy.
He wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.
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