The adjective and the The adjective and the adverbadverb

The adjective and the The adjective and the adverbadverb

Syntactical characteristics of adjectives

Her mother is perfectly unbearable.

The little woman, for she was of pocket size, crossed her hands solemnly on her middle

Degrees of comparison of adjectives Degrees of

comparison

Ways

of production

Comparative Superlative

Synthetiс way

Analytical way

er est

more most

Adjectives of one syllable

Adj. of two syllables ending with

–y, -er, -ow

Adj. of two syllables which have the stress on the last syllable

Some adjectives can have only the comparative degree.

Superior to

Inferior to

Senior to

Junior to

major

minor

interior exterior

This clothes is superior to that.

The goods are inferior to sample. Major is senior to Capitan.

Capitan is junior to Major.

They did the major part of work.

They left the minor part for us.

It is an interior city.

The exterior features of it are fine.

Some adjectives are used only in the Superlative degree.

extreme

supreme

foremost

innermost

outermost

uppermost

It was the extreme penalty of the law. The king is the supreme ruler.

He is the foremost expert on it

These are my innermost feelings.

It will travel to the outermost places.

It will reach the uppermost layers.

1.How big?

2.How old?

4.Where from?

5.Whatis it

made of?

3.What colour?

Order of adjectives

Fact adjectives

Opinion adjectives

Irregular comparison Twice as much/many - вдвічі більшеHalf as much/many – вдвічі меншеHalf the width of ( half as wide as)- вдвічі вужче Half the price of (half as much as)- вдвічі дешевшеHalf the height of (half as high as)- вдвічі нижчийOne third the height of – втричі нижчий One fifth the length of- в п’ять разів коротшийFour books more – на чотири книги більше Two pages less – на дві сторінки менше

Comparative phrases and clauses

We use as + adjective/adverb + as to say that something or someone is like something or someone else, or that one situation is like another:

Was the film as funny as his last one?

The gap between the sides is not as/so wide as it was. If we put a singular countable noun between an adjective and the

second as, we use a/an in front of the noun:Despite his disability, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible,

(not ...as normal life as...)The negative form of sentences like this can use either not as or

sometimes not such:It's not as quiet a place (or ...not such a quiet place ...) as it used to

be.Notice! that we use not as + adjective + a/an + noun but not such

a/an + adjective + noun.

Syntactical characteristics of adverbs

They often go to the disco.

The trees overhead were yellow.

Adverbial modify

Attribute

Adjective Adverb Adverb with ending -ly

1. He is a hard worker.

2. He returned in the late autumn.

3. He is studying the history of the Near East.

4. The house is very high.

1. He works hard.

2. I went to bed late yesterday.

3. He lives quite near.

4. The plane flew very high.

1. I could hardly understand him.

2. I have not seen him lately.

3. It is nearly five o’clock.

4. The Soviet Union has a very developed industry.

Some pairs of adverbs have different meaning

Position of the adverb He speaks English well. They walked quickly.

She painted the picture here. I looked everywhere. The boys said, “I will do the work tomorrow”.

The father said, “ You will do it now”. Tomorrow we will go to London.

Suddenly he felt a hand on his shoulder. He is always in time for meals. They do not often miss the bus. Does he not usually

know the answers? Is it always this cold in February? Doesn't he usually know the answers?Tom often goes to work by car. 

Your car has probably been stolen. I sometimes see him in the park.

 I would like to read that book sometime. 

Really/ almost/ hardly/ justThese words can give extra information about a whole sentence.I really like football.

(I like it very much.)I don't really like football.

(I'm not interested in it.)I really don't like football.

(I hate it.)I just don't like football.

(Simple fact: there is nothing more to say.)We almost missed the train.We hardly had time to catch it.

(We caught the train but we had very little time.)We just had time to catch it.I hardly know you.

(I know you, but very little.)It's just around the corner.

(It's very near the corner.)

Adverb or Adjective?Complete the sentence using an adjective or adverb.To make adverbs we often add –ly at the end of an adjective (words that describe a noun)Example: beautiful (adjective) girl (noun)  beautiful + ly = beautifully (adverb) He’s always in a rush. I don’t understand why he walks so ____________

(quick/quickly). I prefer studying in the library. It’s always_______________ (quiet/quietly). Michael __________ (happy/happily) took the assistant job. He had been looking for a

position all summer.  Marta dances _____________ (beautiful/beautifully). She’s been taking ballet since

she was five years old. They speak French very ____________ (good/well). They lived in France for two

years.  My neighbor always plays ___________ (loud/loudly) music on the weekends. It’s so

annoying. Please be __________ (careful/carefully) in the hallway. The walls have just been

painted. Dan is very smart, but he is not a very___________ (good/well) student. He reacted __________ (angry/angrily) to the news. I have never seen him so upset. We didn’t ______________ (complete/completely) understand the teacher’s

instructions. Most of us did not finish the assignment.