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Timeline History of Internet
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1957USSR Launches SputnikUSSR Launches Sputnik into space and, with it, global communications.
1958Bell Labs Invents
Modem
Bell Labs researchers invent the modem
(modulator - demodulator), which
converts digital signals to electrical (analog) signals
and back, enabling communication between
computers.
1958U.S. Government
Creates ARPA
The United States government creates the
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in response to Sputnik
launch.
1964 — 1967
Paul Baran, Donald Davies Develop Message Blocks/Packet-
switching
The Rand Corporation's Paul Baran develops message blocks in
the U.S., while Donald Watts Davies, at the National Physical
Laboratory in Britain, simultaneously creates a similar
technology called packet-switching. The technology
revolutionizes data communications.
1965
ARPA Sponsors Networking Study
ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-
sharing computers."
1965
Lawrence Roberts & Thomas Marill Create First Wide-area Network
Lawrence Roberts (MIT) and Thomas Marill get an ARPA
contract to create the first wide-area network (WAN) connection
via long distant dial-up between a TX-2 computer in Massachusetts
and a Q-32 computer in California. The system confirms that packet
switching offers the most promising model for
communication between computers.
1964 — 1967
Charles Herzfeld Approves Funds for Computer
Networking Experiment
As ARPA director, Charles Herzfeld approves funding to
develop a networking experiment that would tie
together multiple universities funded by the agency. The
result would be the ARPAnet, the first packet network and a
predecessor to today’s Internet.
1965
Bolt Beranek and Newman Wins IMP Development
Contract
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) is awarded the ARPA
contract to build the Interface Message Processors.
1965
IMP Network Links First Four Nodes
The physical Interface Message Processor (IMP) network is
constructed, linking four nodes: University of California at Los
Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah.
1961Leonard Kleinrock Pioneers
Packet-SwitchingLeonard Kleinrock pioneers the packet-switching concept in his
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) doctoral
thesis about queueing theory: Information Flow in Large Communication Nets.
1962J.C.R. Licklider Conceives
Intergalactic NetworkJ.C.R. Licklider writes memos
about his Intergalactic Network concept of networked
computers and becomes the first head of the computer research program at ARPA.
ASCII Is DevelopedThe first universal standard for
computers, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Exchange) is developed by a joint industry-government committee. ASCII permits machines from different
manufacturers to exchange data.
The United States government creates the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) in response to Sputnik launch.
Timeline History
1964 — 1967
IMP Network Grows
Fifteen nodes (23 hosts) comprise the IMP network.
1972
Ray Tomlinson Invents Email
Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents the email program to send
messages across a distributed network. The "@" sign is
chosen from the punctuation keys on Tomlinson's Model 33
Teletype to separate local from global emails, making
"user@host" the email standard.
1973
TCP/IP Protocol Development Begins
Development begins on what will eventually be called TCP/IP protocol by a group headed by Vint Cerf (Stanford) and Robert
Kahn (DARPA). The new protocol will allow diverse
computer networks to interconnect and communicate
with each other.
1974
Vint Cerf, Robert Kahn Coin 'Internet'
Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network
Interconnection" which specifies in detail the design of a
Transmission Control Program (TCP) and coins the term
“Internet” for the first time.
1977Lawrence Landweber Creates Computer Science Network
Lawrence Landweber creates CSNET (Computer Science
Network), a network for all US university and industrial computer
research groups. By 1984, over 180 university, industrial, and government computer science
departments are participating in CSNET.
1980 — 1989
Lawrence Landweber Forges First U.S.- Europe Network Gateways
Lawrence Landweber establishes the first network gateways
between the U.S. and European countries. He also establishes the “Landweber Conferences,” which
are instrumental in showing scientists from around the world
how to implement national academic and research networks
in their countries.
1982Kilnam Chon Connects
Asia to InternetKilnam Chon, a Professor
at Keio University in Japan, develops the first Internet connection in
Asia, called SDN, and his pioneering work inspires
others to promote the Internet’s regional
growth.
1984First Email in GermanyThe first email arrives in Germany from the U.S.
on August 3, 1984. "Willkommen CSNET," it
says. Werner Zorn plays a critical role in this event
and establishing the German Internet.
1987Nancy Hafkin Helps
Develop ICT In AfricaNancy Hafkin helps facilitate the ECA’s African Information
Society Initiative, which establishes the first email
connectivity in more than 10 African
countries.
1988 — 1989Van Jacobson Solves Internet
CongestionVan Jacobson develops
algorithms for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that help
solve the problem of congestion and are still used in
over 90% of Internet hosts today
1989Tim Berners-Lee Creates WWWAt CERN, the European Physical
Laboratory, Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web.
Robert Cailliau is a key proponent of the project, and
helps Berners-Lee author a proposal for funding. Later, Cailliau develops, along with Nicola Pellow, the first web
browser for the Mac OS operating system.
1990Linus Torvalds Creates Linux
Linus Torvalds creates Linux and becomes a leading
supporter of Open Source software.
Toru Takahashi Promotes Internet In Japan
Toru Takahashi helps bring the Internet to Japan and promotes it throughout Asia in the 1990s.
He is key to the early commercial development of the
Internet in the region.
1991Al Gore Creates Bill to Fund
"Information Superhighway"Al Gore creates the High-
performance Computing and Communications Act of 1991 (the Gore Bill), which allocates $600
million for high performance computing and helps create the
National Research and Educational Network. The Gore Bill also
creates the National Information Infrastructure, known as the Information Superhighway.
1991World Wide Web Opens to Public
The World Wide Web is made available to the public for the first
time on the Internet.
George Sadowsky helps create global Internet training team
George Sadowsky helps create the team that would train over 1,500 instructors from over 100 nations
on Internet technologies, operation, management and
governance. This initiative was crucial to the Internet’s global
expansion.
1993NCSA Releases Mosaic Browser
The National Center for Supercomputing
Applications (NCSA) releases the Mosaic browser, which helps popularize the World
Wide Web among the general public.
1996Brewster Kahle Founds Internet Archive; Email Surpasses Postal Mail
There is more email than postal mail in the U.S., and Brewster
Kahle founds the Internet Archive, a free digital library
with a mission to provide “universal access to all
knowledge.” Chronicling over 85 billion pieces of deep Web
geology, Kahle creates a history of the Internet’s formation.
1998Blogs First Appear
The advent of web publishing tools available to non-technical
users spurs the rise of blogs.1999
Mitchell Baker Helps Found Mozilla Project
Mitchell Baker gets involved in the Mozilla Project and becomes a
founding chairperson of the Mozilla Foundation.
She helps legitimize Open Source Internet application
clients.
2000Nii Quaynor Brings Internet to Africa
Professor Nii Quaynor, known as Africa’s ‘Father of the Internet,’ convenes the first training workshop
for the African Network Operators’ Group. His
efforts have a profound impact on the continent’s
Internet growth.
2000Aaron Swartz Co-Creates
RSSAaron Swartz co-creates
RSS, a program that collects news from various web pages and puts them in one place for readers, with the goal of making
information freely available to everyone.
2001Jimmy Wales Launches
WikipediaJimmy Wales launches
Wikipedia. There are half a million Internet users.
2006Nancy Hafkin Pens
"Cinderella or Cyberella?"Dr. Nancy Hafkin
authors Cinderella or Cyberella?: Empowering
Women in the Knowledge Society, a collection of
essays that examines how information and communications
technologies empower women.
2010China Dominates Internet
UsageBy 2010, there are over
450 million Chinese Internet users.
SOURCE:
http://www.internethalloffame.org/internet-history/timeline