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• Foil – a character whose personality and attitude contrast sharply with those of another character; a foil emphasizes another character’s attributes and traits, such as a timid, introverted character making a talkative one seem chattier.
Famous Foils
Dr. Jekyll &Mr. Hyde
Harry Potter &Lord Voldemort
• Foreshadowing – a writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the story. Foreshadowing creates suspense, mystery, and surprise, and makes readers eager to find out what will happen.
• Dramatic irony – when the audience knows more than the characters; dramatic irony helps build suspense.