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THE CURRENT ECONOMICAL, SOCIAL AND
CULTURAL SITUATION IN THE EU
By the German Erasmus+ Team
Erasmus +
Erasmus +
• Day of foundation: 1.11.1993 in Netherlands
• Reasons: working together in peace for a better economic and political system, a united and successful Europe, stop wars
• Political criteria: democracy, human rights, no discrimination • Economy: functioning market economy to be able to compete in the EU internal market
Erasmus +
Member countries of the EU (09.02.2015):
Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Czech Republic, Hungary, United Kingdom, Cyprus, Croatia, Sweden
Erasmus +
What advantages did the countries see in their membership?
• They hoped it would give them more prosperity and a better life
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The seven elements of the European Union are: • European Parliament • European Council • Council of the European Union • European Commission
• Court of Justice of the European Union
• European Central Bank
• European Court of Auditors
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The European system of central banks: • Primary objective: maintaining price stability
• Not all states joined the Euro -> ESCB can not be used as monetary authority
• For this reason, the Eurosystem was introduced
What is the Eurosystem?
• Composed of the national central banks of all states that have introduced the Euro and the European Central Bank
• The institution in charge of those tasks which in principle had to be managed by the ESCB • ESCB can’t handle those tasks because not all states have the Euro
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Tasks and aims of the Eurosystem: • Price stability
• Supporting general economic policies
• Acting with the principles of an open market economy
• Financial stability and integration
• Improving monetary and financial cooperation
• Holding and managing the foreign reserves of member states
Erasmus +
Erasmus +
The EU-Internal market: • Common market of the 28 EU member states
• Exists under this name since the 1st of January 1993
• Biggest jointly market worldwide
• There are four basic freedoms: Freedom of goods, persons, services and capital • It’s a free trade zone, that means no duties
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• Free trade zone, which includes the EU-internal market and three members of the European free trade association (Liechtenstein, Iceland and Norway)
• Involves 31 countries
• Provides also for the four basic freedoms
• In the EEA, half of the global trade takes place
510 Million inhabitants
The European Economic Area (EEA):
Comparison between the EEA and the EU-internal market: • The EEA has got 31 member states, the internal market 28 from the EU
• Both have the same four principals
• Both areas are free trade zones with no duties
• Both are powerful economic zones
• The EEA is an extension of the EU-Internal Market • 80% of the rules of the EEA are like the rules of the internal market
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Broad guidelines for economic policies:
• Are important for the coordination of the member state‘s economic policy
• Adopted by the council in the form of a non-legally binding recommendation
• A surveillance mechanism which aims to ensure that Member States comply with them
• The commission is responsible for providing the council with information on the economic development of each of the member states
Erasmus +
Erasmus +
The guidelines: • Smart, achievable and sustainable and inclusive growth. macroeconomic equilibrium
• Stability and Growth Pact = control of its budget deficit in its budget imbalances must renovate homes, reducing public debts
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What happens if the member states don’t follow the guidelines?
• First the member states get a warning from the commission
• Next the Council can send suggestions to the states
• The suggestions can be made public
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• To take measures to eliminate macroeconomic imbalances, equity markets balances households and corporate sector
• Member States whose currency is the euro, reduce macroeconomic imbalances in the euro area; large and persistent differences in their current accounts and other macroeconomic imbalances common concern, measures reducing imbalances
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Main targets: • Employment: 75% of all 20 to 64 year-olds • Finances: 3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) should be invested in development and research
• Climate change: reducing heat-trapping gas by 20 % (in comparison to 1990)
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• Energy: increasing the amount of renewable energies to 20% and raising the energy efficiency by 20%
• Education: enhancing the amount of people with finished A-levels • Fight against poverty and social exclusion: the count of people affected by poverty or exclusion will be decreased by 20 million people
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Priorities: • Intelligent and sustainable growth
• Investing in education, research, innovation
• Orientation to carbon-low economy and environmental-friendly technologies
• Fighting poverty and creating workplaces
• Solid and effective system of economic control
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• Sustainable public finances are important to achieve the economic policy
• government wants to promote the long-term growth • invest more in education, research and infrastructure
• European economy has improved in recent years
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• The German government wants to use the good economic situation to strengthen its base
• In the next years they want to achieve four goals: Ø Better investment and innovation policy
Ø improve participation opportunities and increase participatory justice
Ø lead the energy revolution to succeed Ø the economic and monetary union in Europe stabilize and deepen
2. Expansion of the EU and connected countries
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7. The current situation in the
Erasmus+ countries
Spain overview: • Industrial Production Index (IPI): -0,1%
• The annual rate of the IPI stands at 0,0% in the series adjusted for the seasonal and calendar effect, and at -0,1% in the annual series. • Unemployment rate rose from 23.67 percent in the third quarter of 2014 up to 23.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 2014
Erasmus +
Erasmus +
Finland Overview: • Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy
• The Finnish economy is in it’s third consecutive year of contraction
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Poland overview: • Economic growth slowed considerably in 2012 and 2013
• Unemployment rate in Poland increased to 11.5 percent in December of 2014 • A year earlier the unemployment rate was 13.4 percent
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Common art history: • Artists like Picasso and da Vinci are popular in every country in the EU. Religion: • Sunday is the day of rest in all countries
• Common Christian holidays
• Some Christmas songs are popular everywhere Ø only in different languages
• Religious liberty in all countries
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Food: • We have the same farmland (that the same things can be grown)
• The same fruits and vegetables
• Mostly the same eating habits
Beverages: • Alcohol is allowed in every country
• No big differences between the beverages (only some prefer tea, some coffee or other drinks)
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Common history: • World wars
• Conflicts
• Common structure of the EU
Humanistic background: • Every country has Human rights
• Respect • No discrimination or racisim
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Main differences: • Most countries are catholic, some are protestantic • Intolerance of other religions in Hungary
• Turkey doesn‘t advocate women at work and other religions
Ø bad conditions for joining EU
• Biggest alcohol consume in Luxembourg
• Income in eastern Europe is much less than in western Europe
Sources: 1. - 3. Introduction, expansion , institutions of the EU
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Political_System_of_the_European_Union.svg Retrieved 8 January 2015
4. Eurosystem
• Bundesbank: http://www.bundesbank.de/Navigation/DE/Bundesbank/Eurosystem/eurosystem.html, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • Europäische Zentralbank: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/orga/escb/html/index.de.html, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • EU-Info Deutschland: http://www.eu-info.de/euro-waehrungsunion/5009/5251/5252/, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • Wikipedia: • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosystem, Retrieved 8 January 2015 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosystem, Retrieved 8 January 2015 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4isches_System_der_Zentralbanken, Retrieved 8 January 2015
5. + 6. Europe 2020 / 7. current situation
• http://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-rate, Retrieved 8 January 2015
• http://www.tradingeconomics.com/finland/unemployment-rate, Retrieved 8 January 2015
• http://www.classbrain.com/art_cr/publish/finland_economy.shtml, Retrieved 8 January 2015
• http://www.tradingeconomics.com/poland/unemployment-rate, Retrieved 8 January 2015
8. Cultural differences
• 1 http://www.domradio.de/themen/weltkirche/2014-05-20/statistiken-hohe-religionszugehoerigkeit-der-eu, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • 2 http://www.nohatespeechmovement.org/hate-speech-watch/focus/islamophobia-and-
religious-intolerance, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • http://www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/soziologie/arbeitsbereiche/makrosoziologie/projekte/
proj_laender_eu.html zugriff vom 8.01.215, Retrieved 8 January 2015 • http://www.academia.edu/1469893/Religious_Intolerance_after_the_Patent_of_Toleration_1781_The_case_of_the_Hungaria
n_Lutherans , Retrieved 8 January 2015