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K.V,. Prabhu
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A Strategy to Tackle Rust Menace :
Integrating MAS with Breeding for
Durable Rust Resistance
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K. V. Prabhu Division of Genetics
Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012
BGRI Workshop 21 August 2013, New Delhi
Wheat area, production and productivity scenario in India (1964-2011)
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Courtesy: Project Director, DWR
33.7 36
45.5 46
46.8
44 45.1
45.7
45.8
45.4
35.3 42
.5 47.1 51
.3
61.5
48.9
63
62.9
61.5 61 64.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Yie
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(Q/
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Variety (Year of Release)
Landmark wheat releases in India
68.0
HD 2967 DPW 621-50 WH 1105
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Courtesy: Project Director, DWR
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Changing Climate Taking a Toll : Abiotic stress and yellow rust
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Strategies to cope with changing climate
1. Exploitation of alien genetic variation (wild species and genera, land races etc.)
2. Enhanced input use efficiency 3. Breeding for earliness 4. Varieties for fragile ecosystems
Ø Plant breeding strategies:
Ø Biotechnological tools:
1. Marker assisted breeding 2. Transgenics/Cisgenics 3. Genomics, proteomics etc. 4. TILLING/ECOTILLING (search for new genes)
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F2
P2
F1
P1 x
large populations consisting of thousands of plants
PHENOTYPIC SELECTION
Field trials Glasshouse trials
Donor Recipient
CONVENTIONAL PLANT BREEDING
Salinity screening in phytotron Bacterial blight screening Phosphorus deficiency plot
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F2
P2
F1
P1 x
large populations (e.g. 2000 plants)
Resistant Susceptible
MAS for 1 QTL – 75% elimination of (3/4) unwanted genotypes
MAS for 2 QTLs – 94% elimination of (15/16) unwanted genotypes
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Marker Assisted Wheat Breeding : Rust Resistance
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PYRAMIDING Lr/Sr and Yr GENES
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Lr24 and Lr28 are fixed in HD2329 and PBW343 background
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MAS for Adult Plant Resistance (APR)
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1
2 3
Standardization of methodology for APR for leaf rust resistance under controlled condition
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Screening of APR and susceptible individuals of the cross [ Agra Local XCSP44 (Lr48)] with SSR marker Xgwm372275 (top) and RAPD S3450
Lr48
S3450
S336775
S369950
Xgwm372275
4BL
11.8 ± 0.054 cM
3.6 ± 0.043 cM
2.7 ± 0.025 cM
15.3 ± 0.049 cM
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Network Project On
Molecular Marker Assisted Development of Biotic Stress Resistant Wheat Varieties
(2009-2014)
Accelerated Crop Improvement Programme Funded by Department of Biotechnology
Ministry of Science and Technology Government of India, New Delhi
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Molecular markers employed for MAS for leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance genes
Gene Marker Marker Type Reference Lr24 SCS1302 SCAR Prabhu et al. 2004 Lr34 csLV34 STS Lagudah et al. 2006 Lr57/Yr40 XLr57/Yr40-
MAS-CAPS16 PCR-CAPs Kuraparthy et al. 2009
Lr28 SCS421 SCAR Cherukuri et al. 2006 Lr9 SCS5 TPSCAR Gupta et al. 2006 Lr58 PS16 SSR Kuraparthy et al. 2009 Sr25/Lr19 Xwmc 221 SSR Gupta et al. 2006 Sr26 43BE518379 SCAR Liu et al. 2009 Yr10 Xpsp 3000 SSR Bariana et al. 2002 Yr15 Xgwm 273 SSR Peng et al. 2006 Lr48 Xwmc332 SSR Samsampour et al.2010
Lr25 Xgwm 251
SSR Singh et al. 2012
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Targeted Varieties (16)
HD 2733* HD 2932* HD 2967 PBW 343* PBW 550 DBW 17 UP 2338* VL 738*
HS 240* HS 325 Shivalik* HI 8498 NI 5439 Lok1 HUW 252* MACS 3125
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* Products ready for trials from Rabi2013
Rust res. Product Delivery Region trait Period
1. Leaf and stripe HS240, HS295 2013-15 NHZ rusts VL 738, UP2338 NEPZ
UP 2382 2. Leaf, stem and HD 2967, PBW550 2013-15 NWPZ stripe rusts HD 2733, PBW343 NEPZ
3. Leaf and stem Lok1, NI5439 2013-15 CZ, PZ rusts HI 8498, HD2932
MACS3125
Product Delivery Schedule for Release In
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Standards to Qualify MABB Derived Products in Wheat
(To come into effect from 2013-14 Rabi season)
Proceedings of Meeting held at DWR, Karnal on 6th October 2012
FAST-TRACKING RELEASES FROM MOLECULAR BREEDING SCHEMES
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Guidelines on NILs/MAS Product Testing/Release/Notification under
Seed Act 1966
Approved during the 48th Meeting of Central Sub-Committee on Crop
Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, 24 Dec. 2007
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Ø Notified on 24 Dec 2007 as proceedings of 48th Meeting of Seed Committee, GoI
Ø The recurrent parent (RP) should be a notified variety/parental line of a hybrid lacking in specific traits
Ø NILs (EDV) should be in conformity with RP for DUS trait but should have one or two phenotypic characters differing from RP to facilitate seed certification and yield at least on par with RP
Ø The NILs (EDV) should have a minimum of 85% RPG recovery based on background selection.
Ø Identification, notification and release of NILs: The NILs which have successfully completed two years of testing under AVT1-NIL as per the guidelines/criteria mentioned above should be identified, released and notified as a new variety
Fast Tracking of MAS derived NIL (by notification under Seed Act 1966)
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“Minor genes” for durability of resistance
Breeding for “Minor genes” based resistance
Breeding for “gene pyramided” resistance
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The genetic basis for the approach…….
Minor Genes : A realizable op@on In
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The genetic basis for the approach…….
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The genetic basis for the approach…….
• Recombination breeding using diverse parental lineages
Facilitation for mobilization of multiple genes for resistance from different wheat strains in the pedigree in high yielding recombination
How Was the Challenge Met?.... In
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Pedigree analysis of HD 2967 ALD/COC//URES/HD 2160/HD 2277
ALD/COC URES
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HD 2160 HD 2277
Pedigree analysis of HD 2967 In
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Concept of durable resistance consolidated and validated by CIMMYT
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Slide courtesy : Ravi Singh, CIMMYT
Courtesy : Ravi Singh, CIMMYT 2010
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How was the Challenge Tackled …contd. A. Durable or Horizontal Resistance Breeding
• Exposure of the segregating materials at hot spot locations (Wellington, Dhaulakuan, Dharwad, Indore) at different stages (shuttling)
• Facilitation of screening against yellow/black or yellow/leaf or black rust enabling us to pick up only the disease resistant plants with levels of 10S-30MSS under high disease pressure
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REJECT (40S>80S)
SELECT (5S-20S)
Selection for Minor Genes In
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• Targe&ng minor genes by adop&ng molecular markers for rejec&on of all known Lr, Yr and Sr major genes with the help of molecular markers
• This approach was adopted to facilitate the accumula@on of minor genes in the selec@ons under high disease pressure are going to be other than these major genes as the major genes can be overcome by the evolving races of the pathogen in a short period aDer cul@va@on.
Durable or Horizontal Resistance Breeding In
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Major genes functional in India
Lr9, Lr24,Lr28, Lr48, Lr28, Lr19
Sr2*,Sr24, Sr25, Sr31*
Yr9*, Yr5*, Yr10, Yr15,Yr37
*genetic marker or seedling pathology
Screening advanced and parental lines for the presence of major genes using
molecular or genetic markers
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Per cent genome recovery of HD2733 q Maximum genetic background of 94.82% was recovered in BC2F2
of HD2733/ HD2687+Lr19/2/HD2733
q Maximum genetic background of 95.12% was recovered in BC2F2 of HD2733/HD2687+Lr24/2/HD2733
q Maximum genetic background of 96.25% was recovered in BC2F2 of HD2733/HD2687+Yr15/2/HD2733
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q Evaluation of BC2F3 at all four locations for drought and heat q Intercross NILs: HD 2733 lines(DHT) X HD2733 (RR)
Selection in F2-F4
Reconstitution of HD 2733 with drought and heat tolerance + Rust resistance
Acknowledgements • NATP, DBT, ACIAR, ICAR, IARI, NRCPB, PAU, DWR
• Young Research Fellows and investigators for having stuck together as ONE TEAM displaying full cooperation (Cherukuri DP, Ashwini Charpe, Sudhir Gupta, Sunita Koul, Yogesh Vikal, Parveen Chhuneja, H S Dhaliwal, Bahram Maleki, Davood Samsampour, Anupam Singh, Pallavi J. K, Niharika, Bhojraja, Vinod, J.B. Sharma, G.P. Singh, Neelu Jain, T. Ramya, Rajbir Yadav)
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Thank You
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