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Ancient and modern view
SASTRA
By Dr. Rupesh
Ekkaluri
Pg scholarDepatment of salya tantra
s.v.ayurvedic medical collage, tirupathi
Under the guidence of Dr. M.Bhaskar rao garu MD,PhD.Professor ,salyatantra,s.v. ayurvedic medical college .
DEFINITION:
The surgical procedures are of 8 types . They are
chedyam –excision, bhedyam- incision , lekhyam- scrapping , vedhyam – puncturing ,eshyam –probbing, aaharyam –extraction, visravyam – drainage and seevyam –suturing . The instruments which are helpful in performing the above procedures are called “ SASTRAS”.
(su.su. 5/5)
SASTRA KARMA
(CH.Chi.25/55)Acharya Charka mentioned 6 types of sastra karmas
1.Paatanam2.Vyadhanam3.Chedanam4.Lepanam5.Pracchanam6.seevanam
SASTRAKARMA
(AH.SU.26/28)
acharya Vagbhata in astanga hridaya sutra sthana told 13 sastra karmas .They are1.Utpathana 7.Kuttana 13.Dahana2.Patana 8.Chedana3.Sivana 9.bhedana4.Eshana 10.vedhana5.Lekhana 11.Mandhana6.pachana 12.grahana
CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA
SASTRA
•Susruta :20•Vagbhata:26
ANUSASTRA
•Susruta:14•Vagbhata:12
CLASSIFICATION AND NUMBER
(SU.SU.8/3)
CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA BASED ON KARMA
s.no Karma Name of instrument
1 Chedana &lekhana Mandalagra,karapatra
2 Chedana &bhedana Vriddipatra,nakhasastra,Ardhadhara,mudrika, utpalapatra
3 vedhana Vetasapatra, aara, kutarika, vreehimukha.
4 Aharana Badisa, danta sanku
5 Eshana Eshani
6 Visravana Remaining sastra
SASTRA NIRMANA
(SU .SU.8/19)
The intelligent physician should get the instruments manufactured from Pure and strong ,hard iron(steel) by a black smith who has expertise and skill in his work.
GUNA OF SASTRA(SU.SU. 8/8)
1. The sastra should be handy,2. ……………………………….made of good metal,3. …………………………………possess sharp edges,4. …………………………………good looking,5. The business end should be fine and of appropriate size,6. They should not be serrated.
The prasastha guna of sastra
SASTRA DOSHA
(SU.SU.8/9)Sastra dosas are 8. they are S.N
oDosha meaning
1 Vakram Crooked or bent 2 Kuntam Blunt3 Khandam Broken4 Khara dharam Hard5 Ati sthulam Very thick6 Atyalpam Very thin ,small7 Ati dheergam Very long 8 Ati hrasvam Very short
1.So instruments with opposite qualities should be used 2.Except karapatra sastra because its edge should be hard and rough to cut bones
DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF SASTRAS
MANDALAGRA SASTRA
Ref: astanga hridayam .su . 26
Vagbhata describes shape of the blade of mandalagra sastra like index finger when its nail points towards the palm of the hand .
USE : Chedana and lekhana
MANDALAGRA SASTRA
ROUND KNIFE
USE : TYMPHANOPLASTY
VRIDDHI PATRA SASTRA
(REF : AH su 25/6)
1. it is shaped like barbers knife 2.Used for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PAATANA3.in unnata sopha (elevated swelling )- it should be straight in gambheera sopha (deep swellings)- it should be curved at back
VRIDDHI PATRA SASTRA
1) IT RESEMBLES LIKE A MEDICINAL PLANT ….VRIDDHI
2) SUSRUTA USES VRIDDIPATRA SASTRA FOR THE REMOVAL OF SCROTAL TUMOR
BISTUARY (surgical rajor)
KARAPATRA SASTRA
(REF: AH SU 25 /16)
1. Meant for sawing bone 2. Should have serrated margin with fine teeth3. Having length 10 angulas width 2 angulas
KARAPATRA SASTRA
1. Sursruta mentions its length as 6 angulas Vagbhata …………………………….10 angulas Bhoja …………………………………..12 angulas
SURGICAL SAW (amputation saw )
SURGICAL SAW
SURGICAL SAW(BONE CUTTER)
NAKHA SASTRA
(REF: AH SU .25 /18)
1.Has curved or straight edge and two faces2.Length of 9 angulas 3 .meant for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PRACHANA, LEKHANA4.Extraction of small SHALYAS
NAKHA SASTRA
1. SUSRUTA mention its length to be 8 angulas2. has one straight edge and one oblique edge
SURGICAL NAIL PARER
ANGULI SASTRA
( AH SU . 26/13-15)
1.The anguli sastra or mudrika sastra is like a ring.2. Having blade length of 0.5 angulas . 3.Its function is similar to vriddhipatra and mandalagra.4. It should be worn at the inter phalangeal joint of index finger and secured to the surgeon with a thread .
5.Used for excising and incising lesions inside the throat .
ANGULI OR MUDRIKA SASTRA
FINGER KNIFE
UTPALAPATRA
(AH.SU.26/7)
1 . having two edges long edge and short edge 2.Used for chedana and lekhana
DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL
ARDHADARA SASTRA-lancet
1.Its difficult to ascertain the exact shape of this sastra .2.Some translate it as a “single edged knife”.3.Dalhana explains it as an instrument which has a sharp edge for half of the length.4 Length : 8 angulas – blade 2 angula , handle 6 angula.5 Width : 1 angula.
SUCHI SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/20-21)
According to length suchi sastra is of THREE types
•Vritta In shape•Used in fleshy parts like thigh3 angula
•Used for less fleshy parts•wounds2 angula
•Suchi is like a bow •Used in suturing of pakvasaya , amasaya and marma
2.5angulas
SUCHI SASTRA
SURGICAL NEEDLE
KUSAPATRA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/10)
1. It is a form of knife resembling in shape of the leaf of a kusa grass2. According to Susruta the length of blade is 6 angulas Vagbhata………………………………...2 angulas
Use : its used to drain pus from abscess
KUSAPATRA SASTRA
Chakra dutta and Yogaratnakara used kusa patra sastra to treat tumors in the neck
DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL
AUTIMUKHA SASTRA
(NIBANDHA SAMGRAHA .SU.8 CH)
1.The instrument is like the jalavardhini bird or aati(Turdus ginginiamus)- a bird living in marshus2.Length of the insrument is 7 angula and circular in shape
SARARIMUKHA SASTRA
(SU .SU. 8 )
1.The instrument is like a pair of scissors resembling the face of the long beaked bird called SARARI2.According to Susruta length of sarari is 10 angula Vagbhata………………………..12 angula3. Instrument resembles like kartari4.It is recommended to be used for evacuating abscess
SARARIMUKHA SASTRA – SCISSORS
ANTARMUKHA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/10)
1.Vagbhata describes a variety called ardhachandraanan( half –moon faced) scissors in which the blades are curved like the half moon .
2. Has the length of eight angula – blade measuring half anguli.
3. This is to be used to drain abscess
TRIKURCHIKA
(NIBHANDA SANGRAHA SU ch8)
1. Instrument consisting of three needles fixed to a wooden handle .2. According to Susrutha the length of the instrument is 8 angulas blade 3 angula handle 5 angula 3.USE : a) Evacuating abscess b)Draining blood from nasal polyps
TRIKURCHIKA –METAL BRUSH
USE: cleaning lap instruments , suction tubes
KUTARIKA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/12)1.Small instrument shaped like an axe 2. The blade is like tooth of a cow it has width of one anguli3.USE: VENESECTION OF VEINS SITUATED ON BONES
KUTHARIKA - SURGICAL AXE
VRIHIMUKHA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/11)
1. It is described as a type of trocar , the sharp end is shaped like a grain of paddy2.Length is of 1 ½ angula 3.USE : advised to be used for parasentesis in udara roga
VRIHIMUKHA SASTRA -TROCAR
DISPOSABLE TROCARS
ARASASTRA
(AH.SU.26/25-26)1. ARA is a quadrangular rod ,with a conical sharp tip of ½ angula.2. Used for verifying ripeness of abscess puncturing thick ear lobe
ARA SASTRA - AWL
ARA SASTRA - AWL
VETASAPATRA
(REF ; AH su 25/9)
Use : vyadhana
Length :2 angulas
VETASAPATRA SASTRA
VETASAPATRA SASTRA-SCALPEL
BADISA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/16)
1.It is a hook with properly bent tip.2.USE: meant for holding suntika (tonsils) arma (pterigium)
BADISA SASTRA – SHARP HOOK
DANTA SANKU /DANTALEKHANA
(AH.SU.26/19)
1. Dental lancet has four angles fused at the tip to one sharp end. 2. Meant for scaling teeth in case of danta sarkara(tartar of teeth).
DANTASANKU- TOOTH SCRAPPER
ESHANI
(AH.SU.26/8)Its of two types:1. One is having smooth body with round tip like earth worm . used for exploring sinuses2.It should have smooth tip shaped like needle with a slit at its root. used for bhedana(incision)
ESHANI – SHARP PROBE
ANUSASTRAS
ANUSASTRAS
s.no
Sanskrit name english name
1 Twaksara Bamboo2 Sphatika Rock salt3 Kaacha Glass pieces4 Kuruvinda Corundum stone 5 Jalauka Leech6 Agni Fire7 Kshara Caustic Alkali8 Nakha Nail9 Leaves of JOGI Gojihva1o Sephalika -11 Saka -
S.no Sanskrit name English name
12 Karira -
13 Bala Hair
14 Anguli Fingers
SASTRA PAYANAM
SASTRA PAYANA
Sastra payana is of 3 types.(SU.SU.8/12)
S.NO NAME MATERIAL USED
USES
1 Kshara Alkali Excision of arrows, foreign bodies
2 Jala Water Excision, incision, splitting of muscles
3 Taila oil Puncturing of vessels and for excision of nerves
SASTRA DHARA
SASTRA DHARA
(SU.SU.8/10)
S.no Size of Dhara Karma of sastra
1 Masura (pulse) Bhedana (incising instruments)
2 Ardha masuri(half lentil)
Lekhana(scrapping instruments)
3 Kousiki (hair) Vyadhana,visravana(puncturing and draining instruments )
4 Ardha kousiki(half hair)
Chedana (instruments using for excision
SASTRA NISANA &
DHARASAMSTHAPANA
SASTRA NISANA & DHARA SAMSTHAPANA
(SU.SU.8/13)
1.For sharpening of the instruments a smooth stone of the color of masha should be used.
2.For maintaing sharpness shalmali phalaka should be used.
THHANK YOU