A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GENDER ISSUES RELATED TO WORKING WOMEN OF PRIVATE SECTOR AND PUBLIC SECTOR IN BILASPUR CITY(CG)

Guided By Presented By

Mr. Prince Dubey Shweta Dubey

Asst Professor CEC MBA 2nd sem

INTRODUCTION

About the project:-The report attempted to elaborate the general

observations and findings of the study conducted by me from January 2013 to March 2013, in a sample of 200 population (100 from Private sector and 100 from Public sector) The current research aims to do survey on gender issues related to working women in workplace. Women are treated different from men in an organization, so this study will help women to remove gender discrimination in workplace.

Gender discrimination is not biologically determined but it is determined by socially and the discrimination can be changed by the proper and perpetuate efforts. Gender discrimination can be divided into two parts:-

Indirect Discrimination - Putting you at a disadvantage because of certain working practices or rules.

Direct Discrimination- Treating people differently directly because of their Gender, Race and so on.

Gender issues can be seen in 3 areas:-1. Promotion2. Hiring3. Salary

LITERATURE REVIEW

Chien and Kleiner showed that 1000 largest companies in U.S among the 4000 people shown as the highest paid officer or director only 19 were women and that because women viewed as less suitable for upper management roles and when women take executive positions the chance of failure is high and predictable, and those expectation of failure effect how women evaluated.

Berta Esteve – Volart (2004) described that gender discrimination against women in the market place reduces the available talent in an economy, which has negative economic consequences. Gender discrimination takes many forms.

OBJECTIVES

Define and identify harassment and Stereotyping. Describe the legal decisions that shape present

policy. Define personal and professional boundaries. To promote work-life balance and flexible working

arrangements and to support and monitor take-up by men and women.

To increase representation of women on decision-making bodies.

To increase numbers of women taking up small business loans and support services.

To determine the factors which creates Gender Differences at workplace.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Sample size 200 (100private sector,100 govt sector)

Sample unit Women working in private sectors and government sectors

Universe Bilaspur city

Research type Descriptive research

Statistical scale Likert scale

Test applied Z-test

Primary data source Standard Questionnaire

Secondary data source Existing literature research paper

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Q.1: Do you feel comfortable working with male employees?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in public sector 48% women are strongly agree, 49% are agree, 2% are neutral, 1% are disagree and 0% are strongly disagree for comfortably working with male employees. Whereas in Private sector 30% women are highly agree, 65% are

agree, 1% is neutral, 3% are disagree and 1% is strongly disagree for comfortably working with male employees.

1 2 3 4 50

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1 2

49 48

13

1

65

30 PublicPrivate

Q.2: Do you feel male employees are getting promotion faster than you?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 8% women are strongly agree, 30% are agree,17% are neutral, 33% are disagree and12% are strongly disagree that employees are getting promotion faster than women employees. Whereas in private sector 7%women are strongly agree, 28% are agree, 13% are neutral, 41% are disagree and 11% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting promotion faster than women employees.

 

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

12

33

17

30

811

41

13

28

7

Public Private

Q.3: Do you feel male employees are getting more benefits than you?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 12% women are strongly agree, 21% are agree 13% are neutral, 43% are disagree and 11% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting more benefits than women employees. Whereas in private sector 7% women are strongly agree,32% are agree, 12% are neutral, 34% are disagree and 15% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting more benefits than women employees.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

11

43

13

21

1215

34

12

32

7

PublicPrivate

Q.4: Do you feel male employees are getting faster salary increment than you?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 4% women are strongly agree, 17% are agree, 18% are neutral, 42% are disagree and 19% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting faster salary increment than women employees. Whereas in private sector 12% women are strongly agree, 24% are agree, 12% are neutral, 37% are disagree and 15% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting faster salary increment than women employees.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

19

42

18 17

4

15

37

12

24

12

PublicPrivate

Q.5: Do you ever lose any job because you were a female candidate?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector12% women are strongly agree, 12% are agree, 9% are neutral, 38% are disagree and 29% are strongly disagree that they lost any job because they were female candidate. Whereas in private sector 7% women are strongly agree, 14% are agree, 6% are neutral, 45% are disagree and 28% are strongly disagree that that they lost any job because they were female candidate

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

29

38

912 12

28

45

6

14

7

PublicPrivate

Q.6: Do you think your organization have gender inclusive culture?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 3% women are strongly agree, 17% are agree, 31% are neutral, 31% are disagree and 18% are strongly disagree that there organization have gender inclusive culture. Whereas in private sector 5% women are strongly agree, 16% are agree, 16% are neutral, 42% are disagree and 21% are strongly disagree that there organization have gender inclusive culture.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

18

31 31

17

3

21

42

16 16

5

PublicPrivate

Q.7: Do you feel you were treated less favorably or discriminated against male Employee continuously in your organization?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 3% women are strongly agree, 21% are agree, 10% are neutral, 45% are disagree and 21% are strongly disagree that they are discriminated against male employees continuously in their organization. Whereas in private sector 6% women are strongly agree, 25% are agree, 9% are neutral, 37% are disagree and 23% are strongly disagree that they are discriminated against male employees continuously in their organization.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

21

45

10

21

3

23

37

9

25

6

PublicPrivate

Q.8: Do you think male employee is getting more salary than you for the same work?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 2% women are strongly agree, 14% are agree, 11% are neutral, 42% are disagree and 31% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting more salary than women employees for the same work. Whereas in private sector 6% women are strongly agree, 24% are agree, 11% are neutral, 41% are disagree and 18% are strongly disagree that male employees are getting more salary than women employees for the same work.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

31

42

1114

2

18

41

11

24

6

PublicPrivate

Q.9: Do you think your boss is not taking your opinion in important decision making Process of the organization?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 13% women are strongly agree, 21% are agree, 10% are neutral, 38% are disagree and 18% are strongly disagree that their boss is not taking their opinion in important decision making process of the organization. Whereas in private sector 3% women are strongly agree, 21% are agree, 21% are neutral, 43% are disagree and 12% are strongly disagree that their boss is not taking their opinion in important decision making process of the organization.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

18

38

10

21

1312

43

21 21

3

PublicPrivate

Q.10: Do you ever harassed by male boss/colleague?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 2% women are strongly agree, 15% are agree, 6% are neutral, 57% are disagree and 20% are strongly disagree that they are getting harassed by male boss/colleague. Whereas in private sector 1% women are strongly agree, 18% are agree, 11% are neutral, 42% are disagree and 28% are strongly disagree that they are getting harassed by male boss/colleague

1 2 3 4 50

10

20

30

40

50

60

20

57

6

15

2

28

42

11

18

1

PublicPrivate

Q.11: Do you want a female colleague or a female boss at your workplace?

Interpretation: It is inferred that in Public sector 18% women are strongly agree, 38% are agree, 22% are neutral, 18% are disagree, and 4% are strongly disagree that they want a female boss at their workplace. Whereas in private sector 13% women are strongly agree, 44% are agree, 12% are neutral, 25% are disagree, and 6% are strongly disagree that they want a female boss at their workplace.

1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

4

18

22

38

18

6

25

12

44

13

PublicPrivate

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

 FACTOR

SF1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11

M1 4.44 2.89 2.8 2.45 2.4 2.56 2.4 2.14 2.73 2.22 3.48

M2 4.2 2.79 2.82 2.81 2.27 2.42 2.54 2.59 2.6 2.22 3.33

SD1 0.59 1.2 1.24 1.1 1.34 1.07 1.13 1.07 1.33 1 1.11

SD2 0.7 1.17 1.23 1.29 1.21 1.14 1.26 1.21 1.04 1.08 1.16

Z- Valu

e2.63 0.6 -0.11 -2.12 0.72 0.9 -0.83 -2.79 0.77 0 0.93

Significant Differences:- 1) COMFORTABILITY:- Ha1- There is significant difference in gender issues

related to working women between private and public sectors on “comfort ability level” in bilaspur city.

4) SALARY INCREMENT:-Hd1-There is significant difference in gender issues related to working women between private and public sectors on “salary increment level” in bilaspur city.

8) SALARY:-Hh1-There is significant difference in gender issues related to working women between private and public sectors on “salary level” in bilaspur city.

FINDINGS

There are many factors which are responsible for gender discrimination such as harassment, stereotyping, experience, pregnancy, culture etc.

Gender discrimination can be seen in many areas such as hiring, promotion, salary increment, Decision making etc.

In public sector 97% women are comfortable working with male employees whereas 95% women are comfortable working with male employees.

In public sector 38% and in private sector 35% women thinks that male employees are getting faster salary increment than them.

In public sector 33% and in private sector 39% women thinks that male employees are getting more benefits than them.

In public sector 21% and in private sector 36% women thinks that male employees are getting faster salary increment than them.

In public sector 24% and in private sector 21% women think that they lost jobs because they were female candidate.

In public sector 20% and in private sector 21% women thinks that their organization has gender inclusive culture.

In public sector 24% and in private sector 31% women think that they are discriminated against male employees in their organization.

In public sector 16% and in private sector 30% women thinks male employees are getting more salary than them for the same work.

In public sector 34% and in private sector 24% women thinks that their boss is not taking their opinion in decision making process of the organization.

In public sector 17% and in private sector 19% women are harassed by their boss or colleague.

In public sector 56% and in private sector 57% women wants female boss or colleague at their workplace.

RECOMMENDATION

Gender issues are major problem in our society so we have to take some important steps for removing gender inequality which are as follows:-

Government should make laws for women safety.

Male employees should not harass female employees.

 We should appreciate female working women for their good work.

 Government should take actions against that organization where females

are discriminated. 

We should provide more benefits to women employees.

Maternal leaves provide give to female employees.

We should provide friendly environment in our organization.

We should create good environment in our organization so that women can comfortably work there.

Most of the women felt that male employees are getting faster salary increment than them, it happens because boss feels that women are weak and less experienced. So, we have to change our thinking and appreciate women.

CONCLUSION

A nation or society, without the participation of women cannot achieve development. If we eliminate gender discrimination, women will deliver all the potentials, skills, knowledge to develop the family, the nation and the whole world. The discriminatory practices are chronic and deep rooted in the community, in both the powerful and powerless segments of society. Many initiatives have attempted to change this - much success has been recorded but not sustained due to lack of institutional mechanisms. Attempts were exclusive to certain castes and/or gender that generated conflict and dispute at the individual, household and community level, and created confrontation among the castes or male-female rather developing consensus and respecting the rights of others.

From the above study it is concluded that women are treated less favorably in private and public both area. But gender issues in private sectors are more than in public sector.

THANK YOU