What geographical advantages does the location of

Turkey have? What disadvantages?

8-1 The Ottoman Empire

• Early 14th C – Osman Turks expanded– Began Ottoman Empire– Controlled Bosporus & Dardanelles

• Connect – Black & Aegean Sea• Byzantine Emp – controlled area for centuries

– 14th C Ottoman expanded into Balkans– Claimed title of Sultan for rulers– Began to build strong military

• Janissaries made up elite guard

–Converted to Islam (were Christian)

–Trained as foot soldiers or administrators to serve sultan

• Mastered – new tech of firearms

• Advanced – north & captured Bulgaria

• Mehmet II - Ott leader– Moved to end Byzantine Empire– Laid siege Constantinople

• Ott used massive cannons• Began April 6, 1453• Ended May 29, 1453

(Pg. 239 Voices from the Past)

• New capital Constantinople– Renamed Istanbul

How can you tell this is a mosque?

Quickly list all the facts you remember

about Islam!

• 1514-1517 Sultan Selim took control of original heartland of Islam– Incl holy cities– Selim declared self new caliph

• Caliph defender of faith & successor to Mohammad– Were Muslims

• Preferred admin conquered lands w/ local rulers• Central gov’t appt officials - pashas

– Resp – collect taxes, maintain law & order, reports to Sultan

– Suleyman I aka Suleyman the Magnificent• Led new attacks on Europe• 1529 defeated in Vienna• 1571 Ott fleet destroyed in Mediterranean Sea by SP empire

– “sleeping giant”

Have you heard of another nation referred to as a “sleeping giant?”

December 7, 1941: The Sleeping Giant Awakens

"I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve."

-Japanese Admiral Yamamoto

Can you think other “sleeping giants?”

Ottoman Rule

• Labeled- gunpowder empire– Formed by outside conquerors who

unified after conquering– Success based on mastery of fire arms

• Sultan- head of Ottoman system– Position hereditary– Not necessarily to eldest son– Led to struggles for power

• Harem- “sacred place” sultans private quarters

• Sultan controlled- bureaucracy w/ imperial council– Grand Vizier- chief minister, led

meetings

Topkapi Divan; center area for grand vizier; Sultan behind screen