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5 Factors That Affect
Language Learning
Strategies
(GGGV1244)
Done by : Rebecca Lydia (A150386)
Introduction :
Different students have different ways of learning,
thus many research have been conducted to find
out one of the many few factors that affect the
process of language learning strategies.
There are 5 factors that affect language learning
strategies which consist of ;
a) Motivation
b) Gender
c) Parents Academic Background
d) Ethnic and Cultural
e) Family Income
Motivation
a) Motivation
a) Motivation is regarded as the key to success in
language learning. (Dornyei 1990; Gardner 1985;
Nunan 1999)
b) A second language learner attitude and motivation
have a significant influence on language learning.
(Gardner and Lambert; 1972)
c) Based on Gardner and Lambert (1972), motivation
can be divided into two types ;
i) Integrative motivation; and
ii) Instrumental motivation.
a) Motivation
i) Integrative motivation : Or known as universal, is a
motivation where a student learn a second language
with the aim to integrate themselves in the language
communities or to be acquainted with the language of
the country. In addition to that, this motivation shows
the positive side of a student towards the elements
contained in the targeted language.
a) Motivation
ii) Instrumental motivation : Or known as concrete is a
motivation where mastering a second language aim to
achieve goals despite integrative goals, for an example,
pass an exam, improving in a career, able to read any
reading materials based on the targeted language and so
on. Thus, instrumental motivation refers to the functional
reasons and the use of language achievement.
d) Tamada (1996) mentioned how both integrative and
instrumental motivation had significant effects on
learners choice of LLSs.
a) Motivation
e) Motivation is an important factor in influencing the
usage of a language learning strategies. (Oxford and
Nyikos 1989)
f) Mcintyre and Noel (1996) research have shown the
relationship between LLSs and motivational level
among undergraduate foreign language learners is
examined. Contrary to a less motivated learner, those
that kept themselves motivated, tend to adapt more
learning strategies as they used the more regularly.
Gender
b) Gender
a) Women verbal aptitude differ significantly more
than men. (Maccoby and Jacklin (1974).
b) Research shows that women uses language
learning strategies often than men. (Ehrman &
Oxford 1989; Green & Oxford 1995; Politzer
1983)
c) Female students use more metacognitive strategies
than the male students; where as the male students
use more cognitive strategies. (Bacon 1992)
d) Wharton (2000) research show that female
consistently use LLS more frequently than males.
Parents Academic
Background
c) Parents Academic Background
a) Parents with high academic background will
attempt to prepare themselves mentally and
physically in facing the development of the children
physiology and cognition. They will become good
learning models through speech and reading and
giving exposure by having learning experiences
outside, by taking children to museum or the zoo.
However, for parents who are less educated will raise
their children without any preparation and enough
intellectual reference and perhaps consider their
learning occurs naturally. (Slavin 1997)
Ethnic and Cultural
d) Ethnic and Cultural
a) A simple observation shows that student of different
cultural, ethnic and nationality does not have the
same learning ways. (Pennycook 1997; Pierson
1996)
b) Differences in cultural background and education
system produce different strengths and weaknesses
of a student. (Surtridge 1997)
c) Some students grew up in a environment where
speaking spontaneously and naturally does not bother
them especially when they make mistakes. However,
for others, still feel embarrassed when mistakes
occur. (Clarke 1996)
d) Ethnic and Cultural
d) Some students is fond in speaking as they are brought
up in a society where there are free to speak their mind
out. However there also students that talk less because
they are raise in a environment where the society finds
that you should always think before you talk as some
may not approved of what you have in mind. (Corbett
1999)
Family Income
e) Family Income
a) Family income also influence a student
behavioral language. ( Mackey 1977)
b) Students that is brought up in a high income
family uses more strategy than students that is
brought up from a moderate or low income
family. (Mohd Nazali and friends 1999)
c) Students that is brought up in a high income
family uses cognitive, metacognitive and
storage strategies than the other students.
Thank you!