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PPT 8.2.2
Networking - BasicsNetworking - Basics
Network definedNetwork defined The difference between Standalone The difference between Standalone
and networked Systemsand networked Systems Advantages of networkingAdvantages of networking Disadvantages of networkingDisadvantages of networking Why use networkWhy use network
To share informationTo share information To Share hardware and softwareTo Share hardware and software Centralizing administration Centralizing administration
PPT 8.2.3
Types of networksTypes of networks
Classification based on Classification based on geographical areageographical area LANLAN WANWAN
PPT 8.2.4
Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks
Limited geographic areaLimited geographic area High speed and error free data High speed and error free data
transmissiontransmission Not expensiveNot expensive
PPT 8.2.5
Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks
Connects computers over Connects computers over states, countries etc.,states, countries etc.,
Unlimited geographical Unlimited geographical coveragecoverage
More sophisticatedMore sophisticated Connects LANs and MANsConnects LANs and MANs Expensive technologyExpensive technology
PPT 8.2.6
Network configurationNetwork configuration
Classification based on how Classification based on how computers behave in a networkcomputers behave in a network
Two classifications areTwo classifications are Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network Server based networkServer based network
PPT 8.2.7
Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network
Nodes provide and request Nodes provide and request servicesservices
User in each node administers User in each node administers resourcesresources
No extra investmentNo extra investment Easy to setupEasy to setup Very weak securityVery weak security Additional load on nodesAdditional load on nodes
PPT 8.2.8
Server based networkServer based network
Designated computer to Designated computer to administeradminister
Resources centralizedResources centralized Supports larger networksSupports larger networks Strong securityStrong security ExpensiveExpensive
PPT 8.2.9
Network hardwareNetwork hardware
HubHub CablesCables ConnectorsConnectors SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters
PPT 8.2.10
HubHub
Standard component in Standard component in networknetwork
TypesTypes Active, PassiveActive, Passive ManageableManageable
Easier administrationEasier administration Centralized monitoring of Centralized monitoring of
networknetwork
PPT 8.2.11
CablesCables
Wires the LAN, usuallyWires the LAN, usually Transmit signals through networkTransmit signals through network Different cable considerations Different cable considerations
according to needaccording to need TypesTypes
Co-axialCo-axial Twisted PairTwisted Pair Fiber-opticFiber-optic
PPT 8.2.12
Co-axial cableCo-axial cable
Most trusted in Most trusted in earlier networksearlier networks
Carries data as Carries data as electromagnetic electromagnetic signalssignals
Good resistance Good resistance against against interferenceinterference
PPT 8.2.13
Twisted pairTwisted pair
Pair of insulated Pair of insulated copper wirescopper wires
TypesTypes Shielded(STP)Shielded(STP) Unshielded(UTP)Unshielded(UTP)
UTP common in LANUTP common in LAN Max. cable length – Max. cable length –
100 meters100 meters
PPT 8.2.14
Fiber optic cablesFiber optic cables
Core – cylinder of glassCore – cylinder of glass Not subject to Not subject to
interferenceinterference Transfer rate – more Transfer rate – more
than 100 mbpsthan 100 mbps ExpensiveExpensive
PPT 8.2.15
Connectors for UTPConnectors for UTP
RJ – 11 and RJ – RJ – 11 and RJ – 4545
RJ11 in telephone RJ11 in telephone cables – 4 cable cables – 4 cable connectionsconnections
RJ45 in LAN cables RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable – 8 cable connectionsconnections
PPT 8.2.16
Network adapter cardNetwork adapter card
Prepares data from Prepares data from computer for computer for network and sendsnetwork and sends
Receives data from Receives data from network and network and translates for translates for computercomputer
PPT 8.2.17
Using IP address Using IP address
Two methodsTwo methods Static addressingStatic addressing Using DHCPUsing DHCP
Two componentsTwo components Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
3 classes3 classes Class A networksClass A networks Class B networksClass B networks Class C networksClass C networks
PPT 8.2.18
Network troubleshootingNetwork troubleshooting
In case of problemsIn case of problems Check Physical connection firstCheck Physical connection first Check power supply in the hubCheck power supply in the hub Check sample packet transferCheck sample packet transfer Check configurationCheck configuration
PPT 8.2.19
Network operating systemsNetwork operating systems
Co-ordinates hardware and Co-ordinates hardware and softwaresoftware
Ties together all computers Ties together all computers and peripheralsand peripherals
Provides security by controlling Provides security by controlling access to resources and access to resources and peripherals sharedperipherals shared
Manages users Manages users
PPT 8.2.20
Network operating systems Network operating systems availableavailable
Windows NTWindows NT Windows 2000 & Windows Windows 2000 & Windows
Server 2003Server 2003 Netware from NovellNetware from Novell UnixUnix Apple MacintoshApple Macintosh
PPT 8.2.21
SharesShares
Sharing allows access to resources Sharing allows access to resources over networkover network
Folders and devices are directly Folders and devices are directly shared; not files or programsshared; not files or programs
Permissions for access can be Permissions for access can be assigned to users and groupsassigned to users and groups
Level of permission can be variedLevel of permission can be varied
PPT 8.2.22
User accountsUser accounts
Local User AccountsLocal User AccountsLocal User AccountsLocal User Accounts
Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer
Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer
Domain User AccountsDomain User AccountsDomain User AccountsDomain User Accounts
Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources
Reside in Active Directory
Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources
Reside in Active Directory
Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources
Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)
Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources
Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)
Built-in User AccountsBuilt-in User AccountsBuilt-in User AccountsBuilt-in User Accounts
PPT 8.2.23
User Access issuesUser Access issues
Domain LogonDomain Logon Access verificationAccess verification Grant/deny accessGrant/deny access
PPT 8.2.24
Password SecurityPassword Security
Do not allow blank passwordsDo not allow blank passwords Assign a Password for the Administrator Assign a Password for the Administrator
AccountAccount Determine Who Has Control over Determine Who Has Control over
PasswordsPasswords Educate Users on How to Use PasswordsEducate Users on How to Use Passwords
Avoid obvious associations, such as a family nameAvoid obvious associations, such as a family name Use long passwordsUse long passwords Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase
characterscharacters
PPT 8.2.25
Installing network printerInstalling network printer
InvolvesInvolves Installing the printerInstalling the printer ConfiguringConfiguring SharingSharing AdministeringAdministering