3rd Grade Biology: Animal Kingdom

3rd Grade Biology:Animal Kingdom

byIta Rodríguez

INVERTEBRATES

INVERTEBRATES

Invertebrates

•Do not have backbones•Are multicellular•Most have tissue

INVERTEBRATES

Invertebrates

•Most reproduce sexually•Most can move•Most are symmetrical

INVERTEBRATES: SPONGES


Habitat

•Most live in seawater although a few species live in fresh water•Polar region to tropics•Most live in clear water

Sponges


Characteristics

•Sponges take in water from pores and release it at the top•The water holds the sponge up•They feed and "breathe" by filtering the water that flows through them•Phylum Porifera

Sponges


Life Cycle

•Larvea: Move around freely•Adult: Anchor themselves in one place forever•Death

Sponges


Asexual

•Fragmentation•Budding

Sponges: Reproduction

Sexual

•Most sponges are hermaphrodites


Special Adaptation

•When they find that the water circulating through them has more silt and large particles that could block their canal system, they automatically close their pores and protect themselves!

Sponges



Spawning



Budding



This is actually a

coral, but they reproduce similarly

INVERTEBRATES: ECHINODERMS

Habitat

•Ocean•Polar region to tropics

Echinoderms


Characteristics

•Spiny skin•Tube feet•Water based vascular system•Pentaradial symmetry (5 sides)

Echinoderms


Life Cycle

•Egg•Larvea•Adult•Death

Echinoderms


Types of Echinoderms

a)Sea Cucumber

b)Sea Urchin


Echinoderms

Types of Echinoderms

c)Starfish: can regrow body parts

d)Sand dollar


Echinoderms

INVERTEBRATES: CNIDARIANS

Habitat

•Ocean•Hydras live in fresh water•Polar region to tropics

Cnidarians


Characteristics

•Radial symmetry, central mouth•No central nervous system•No circulatory system, heart or blood•Some have tentacles with stinging cells•Can reproduce sexually or asexually (not all species can do both though)

Cnidarians


Life Cycles

•Larva•Polyp•Juvenile•Adult•Death

Cnidarians


Types of Cnidarians

a)All forms of Jellyfish

b)Anemones: Are not mobile

Cnidarians


*Special note: Comb jellies are a side step away from jellyfish. They are in the phylum Ctenophora. They look similar, but are different in some important ways.

- Comb jellies use cilia flapping on their sides to move. They do not contract a bell like jellyfish.

- Comb jellies use cells called colloblasts to capture their prey. These cells stick to the prey, not harpoon them.

- They have two (2) holes. While true jellies have a sealed bell with only one opening, comb jellies have a small opening at the top of their body and one at the bottom so that water can flow through them.

- They often have plates for protection on the outside of their bodies.

Cnidarians


Types of Cnidarians

c)Corals: create hard calcium carbonate skeletons. They are not mobile.

Cnidarians


INVERTEBRATES: MOLLUSKS

Mollusks

•Internal or external shell•Largest marine phylum•Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats•Three universal features are a mantle, a radula (teeth), and a nervous system.

INVERTEBRATES: MOLLUSKS

•Most shells are made of calcium carbonate•Circulatory systems•In reproduction, molluscs may change gender

INVERTEBRATES: CEPHALOPODS

Cephalopods


Habitat

•Mostly seawater•Fresh water

Cephalopods


Characteristics

•Mollusk•Tiny shell inside(octopus and squid)•Tentacles•Most intelligent invertebrate because they have ganglia (brain)•They are hunters•Bilateral body symmetry•Communicate by changing colors

Life Cycle

•Egg•Juvenile•Adult•Death

Cephalopods



Types of Cephalopods

a)Octopus

b)Squid


Types of Cephalopods

c) Nautilus

d) Cuttlefish

INVERTEBRATES: BIVALVES

Bivalves

Habitat

•Ocean


Bivalves

Characteristics

•Mollusk with two hinged parts that are symmetrical•ctenida (specialized gills)•Tiny eyes, mantle, no head•Filter feeders


Bivalves

Life Cycle

•Egg•Larva•Juvenile•Adult•Death


Bivalves


Types of Bivalves

a)Mussels

b)Clams

Bivalves


Types of Bivalves

c)Oysters

d)Scallops and more

INVERTEBRATES: MONOPLACOPHORA

Monoplacophora


Habitat

•Ocean: tropics to polar region•Most species inhabit intertidal or subtidal zones•Live on hard surfaces like rocks

Characteristics

•Mollusk with one shell (univalved)•Bilateral symmetrical•ctenida (specialized gills)•Tiny eyes, mantle, no head•Can have up to six kidneys•Sexes are separate•Feed by scraping algeaINVERTEBRATES: MONOPLACOPHORA

Monoplacophora

Life Cycle



Monoplacophora

Example of Monoplacophora

a)Limpet


Monoplacophora

INVERTEBRATES: POLYPLACOPHORA


Polyplacophora

Habitat

•Ocean: tropics to polar region•Most species inhabit intertidal or subtidal zones•Live on hard surfaces like rocks

Characteristics

•Mollusk with dorsal shell which composed of eight separate plates•Bilateral symmetrical•Most of the body is a snail-like foot•Have gills•3 chambered heart•Feed by scraping algea


Polyplacophora

Life Cycle



Polyplacophora

Example of Polyplacophora

a)Chiton


Polyplacophora

INVERTEBRATES: GASTROPODS

Habitat

•Water•Land


Gastropods

Characteristics

•Mollusk •Tentacles on head•Eye spots ontentacles•Mucous skin•Shell can be externalor internal made of calcium carbonate•Muscular foot


Gastropods

Life Cycle

•Egg•Larva•Dormancy(for some)•Juvenile•Adult•Death


Gastropods

Types of Gastropods

a)Land Snails

b)Land Slugs


Gastropods

Types of Gastropods

c)Marine Snails

d)Marine Slugs


Gastropods

INVERTEBRATES: FLATWORMS

Habitat

•Water•Land•Intestines oforganisms

Flatworms


Characteristics

•Flat, soft, and paper thin•Many are parasitic•Others are free living•Bilateral symmetry•Brain: small clusters of nerves•Get most of their oxygen through diffusion

Flatworms


Life Cycle


Flatworms


Types of Flatworms(Parasitic)

a)Tapeworms

b)Flukes

Flatworms


Flatworms

Types of Flatworms(Free Living)

c)Planaria and others


INVERTEBRATES: ROUND WORMS

Habitat

•Water•Land•Inside other organisms


Round Worms

Characteristics

•Nematodes are small and smooth•Have a complete digestive system•Bilateral symmetry•Parasitic•Have muscles that move down the length of that entire round body


Round Worms

Life Cycle



Round Worms

Types of Round Worms

a)Land

b) Aquatic

Round Worms


INVERTEBRATES: SEGMENTED WORMS

Habitat

•Water•Land


Segmented Worms

Characteristics

•Annelids•Segmented body •Organs duplicated in each segment•Bilateral symmetry•Closed circulatory system•2 pairs of hair (satea) on each segment for moving


Segmented Worms

Life Cycle



Segmented Worms

Types of Segmented Worms

a)Polychaetes


Segmented Worms

Segmented Worms

Types of Segmented Worms

b)Clitellates 1)Oligochaetes

2)Hirudinea


INVERTEBRATES: ARTHROPODS

Arthropods

•75% of all animals•Exoskeleton made of chitin•Molt to grow new exoskeleton•Jointed appendages (legs)

INVERTEBRATES: ARTHROPODS

•Advanced sense organs•Open circulatory systems•Metamorphasis

－Complete－Gradual

INVERTEBRATES: INSECTS

Habitat

•Water•Land

Insects


Characteristics

•Chitinous exoskeleton• 3-part body (head, thorax and abdomen)• 6 jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae•Only invertebrate to fly •Most diverse groups of animals on the planet•Represent more than half of all known living organisms

Insects


Life Cycle


Insects


Types of Insects (here are just

four examples of the millions of insects)

a)Butterfly

b) Pyrrhocoridae

Insects


Types of Insects

c) Dragonfly

d) Ladybug

Insects


INVERTEBRATES: CRUSTACEANS

Habitat

•Water•Land


Crustaceans

`Characteristics

•Have biramous (two-parted) limbs•Bilateral symmetry•5 pairs of legs•Nauplius (form of larvae)•Most are free-living aquatic animals•Some are terrestrial, parasitic, and sessile•Fished and farmed for human consumption


Crustaceans

Life Cycle



Crustaceans

Types of Crustaceans

a) Crabs

Crustaceans



b) Lobsters

c) Shrimp

Crustaceans



d) Krill

e) Barnacles

Crustaceans


INVERTEBRATES: ARACHNIDS

Habitat

•Most are terrestrial•Some live near water

Arachnids


Characteristics

•8 jointed legs•Exoskeleton•Bilateral symmetry•Two further pairs of appendages that have become adapted for feeding, defense, and sensory perception•Usually don't have antennae

Arachnids


Cephalothorax Abdomen

Life Cycle


Arachnids


Types of Arachnids

a) Spiders and Tarantulas

b) True Scorpions

Arachnids


Types of Arachnids

c) Ticks

d) Psuedoscorpions

Arachnids


Types of Arachnids

e) Whip Scorpions

f) Harvestmen (Confused with spiders)

Arachnids


Types of Arachnids

g) Acari (Mites)

Arachnids


INVERTEBRATES: CHILOPODA

Habitat

•Moist land

Chilopoda


Characteristics

•Segmented body •From under 20 to over 300 legs•Elongated mandibles•Carnivorous•Range from a few mm to 30cm in size•Require moist environment because they don't have a waxy cover like insects

Chilopoda


Life Cycle


Chilopoda


Types of Chilopodas

a) Scutigeromorpha

b) Lithobiomorpha

Chilopoda


Types of Chilopodas

c) Craterostigmomorpha

d) Scolopendromorpha

e) Geophilomorpha

Chilopoda


INVERTEBRATES: DIPLOPODA

Habitat

•Land

Diplopoda


Characteristics

•Elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments •Slow-moving•Eat decaying leaves and dead plants•Have between 36 and 400 legs•2 mm to 35 cm in size

Diploda


Life Cycle


Diplopoda


Types of Diplopodas(12,000 species)

a) Subclass: Penicillata(contains small species whose exoskeleton is not calcified, and which are covered in setae or bristles)

Diplopoda


Types of Diplopodas

b) Subclass: Chilognatha(consisting of two infraclasses: the infraclass Pentazonia containing the short-bodied pill millipedes, and the infraclass Helminthomorpha (worm-like millipedes) containing the great majority of the species)

Pentazonia Helminthomorpha

Diplopoda


VERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

Vertebrates

•Have backbones, spinal chords, notochords, and advanced nervous system•Less amount of species of vertebrates than invertebrates•Have muscles and skeletons•Sexual reproduction

VERTEBRATES: FISH

VERTEBRATES: FISH

Fish

Habitat

•Fresh and seawater•All over the world

VERTEBRATES: FISH

Fish

Characteristics

•Gills•Scales•Fins•Cold-blooded•Lay eggs

VERTEBRATES: FISH

Fish

Life Cycle

•Eggs•Larval Fish•Fry•Juvenile•Adult•Death

VERTEBRATES: FISH

FishTypes of Fish

a)Jawless: primitive, no jaws

b)Cartilaginous: big, fast, sharp teeth

VERTEBRATES: FISH

FishTypes of Fish

c)Bony fish with lobe fins

d)Bony fish with ray fins

Can you guess what type of fish this is?

VERTEBRATES: AMPHIBIANS


Amphibians

Habitat

•Moist environments


Amphibians

Characteristics

•Gills as embryos (some adults)•Adults have lungs•Slimy skin•Cold-blooded•3 chambered heart•Lay soft eggs in water•Adults live on land


Amphibians

Life Cycle

•Eggs•Larva•Juvenile•Adult•Death


AmphibiansTypes of Amphibians

a)Caecilians

b)Salamanders


AmphibiansTypes of Amphibians

c)Frogs and Toads

VERTEBRATES: REPTILES


Reptiles

Habitat

•Warm climates•Land and water


Characteristics

•Lungs•Dry, scaly skin•Cold-blooded•Lay eggs on land•Legs below body(not snakes)•3 chambered heart

Reptiles


Reptiles

Life Cycle

•Eggs•Hatchling•Juvenile•Adult•Death


ReptilesTypes of Reptiles

a)Crocodiles and Alligators

b)Lizards and Snakes

•Snakes don't have ears (they feel vibrations with their tongues)

•Can grow more than 18 ft


ReptilesTypes of Reptiles

c)Turtles and Tortoises

•Can live 100 years•Have shells

VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

Birds

Habitat

•Forests, desserts, cliffs,etc•Land and water•All over the world

VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

Birds

Characteristics

•Lungs, feathers, beaks, no teeth, hollow bones•Most birds fly•Homeothermic(mainatin body heat)•Lay hard eggs in nest (pinguins keep their eggs on their feet)•Evolved from dinosaurs

VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

Birds

Life Cycle

•Eggs•Hatchling•Chick•Juvenile•Adult•Death

VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

BirdsTypes of Birds

a)Flying

b)Non-flying

VERTEBRATES: MAMMALS

Mammals


Habitat

•Forests, desserts,rainforests, cliffs,etc•Land and water•All over the world

Characteristics

•Lungs, hair, teeth, and mammary glands (milk)•Most are placental (some are monotremes and marsupials)•Homeothermic(mainatin body heat)•4 chambered heart•Marine, land, and air


Mammals


Mammals

Life Cycle

•Fetus•Baby•Child•Adolescent•Adult•Death


MammalsTypes of Mammals

a)Placental Land

b)Placental Marine



c)Placental Air

d)Monotreme: lay eggs

The only mammal with a

venomous gland is the

male platypus



d)Marsupial: have pouches

What types of mammals are

people?

THE END

Education

3rd Grade Biology: Animal Kingdom