HAZMHAZMAT AT

CLASSCLASSESES

LEARNING OBJECTIVELEARNING OBJECTIVE List the major hazard List the major hazard

classes and the most classes and the most common material associated common material associated with each class.with each class.

Describe the general Describe the general hazards associated with hazards associated with each class.each class.

Introduction

Able to identify the different & classification types of Hazmat classes

Understand the hazards posed by each hazmat classes substances

Conclusion

SCOPESCOPE

Substances that have the potential to Substances that have the potential to harm living tissues, damage property and harm living tissues, damage property and pollute the environmentpollute the environment

What is What is HAZMATHAZMAT??

HAZHAZ – hazardous MATMAT – materials

INTRODUCTION

UN CLASSIFICATION OF HAZMATUN CLASSIFICATION OF HAZMAT

UN No.

Multi-loadHAZCHEM CODE

2WEIN EMERGENCY DIAL

999 POLICE or995 FIRE SERVICE

SPECIALIST ADVICE

ABC Pte LtdTel No. 1234567

DANGEROUS

GOODS

Emergency InformationPanel

Appropriate DG class label& Sub-risk label if any

Technical Name of Subst

Identification No.

Emergency Action Code

Tel no. & name of Emergency Service Tel no. & name of coy or org(manufacturer/local agent/consignor)domiciled in S’pore where specialisedadvice can be obtained at all times

Emergency InformationPanel

Uniformity in recognizing hazmat in international transport

Assists responder in identification and establishing initial protective actions

Four digit number assigned to each hazmat May appear on placards, EIP, labels

81017

UN Identification Number

Class 1 : Explosives Class 1 : Explosives Class 2 : GasesClass 2 : Gases Class 3 : Flammable LiquidsClass 3 : Flammable Liquids Class 4 : Flammable SolidsClass 4 : Flammable Solids Class 5 : Oxidizing AgentsClass 5 : Oxidizing Agents Class 6 : Toxic & Infectious Class 6 : Toxic & Infectious

SubstancesSubstances Class 7 : Radioactive SubstancesClass 7 : Radioactive Substances Class 8 : Corrosive SubstancesClass 8 : Corrosive Substances Class 9 : Miscellaneous Class 9 : Miscellaneous

THE 9 HAZARD CLASSES

GeneralGeneral A chemical substance that in itself can A chemical substance that in itself can react to produce a gas at a react to produce a gas at a

relatively high temperature and pressure relatively high temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to and at such a speed as to damage the surroundings.damage the surroundings.

Class 1 is sub-divided into 6 classes:Class 1 is sub-divided into 6 classes:

CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES

1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard.

1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard.

1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket propellant, display fireworks)

1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard. (consumer fireworks, ammunition

1.5 — Blasting agents.

1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.

HazardsHazards Most explosives pose a big fire Most explosives pose a big fire

hazard due to the very nature of hazard due to the very nature of explosives.explosives.

Danger of injuries via projectiles Danger of injuries via projectiles (E.g. shrapnel, debris etc.).(E.g. shrapnel, debris etc.).

Some explosives can cause mass Some explosives can cause mass explosion hazard. (E.g. Black explosion hazard. (E.g. Black powder, Dynamite, TNT etc.).powder, Dynamite, TNT etc.).

Ear rupture is caused by the sound Ear rupture is caused by the sound waves.waves.

CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES

Pressure frontPressure front

Heat frontHeat frontProjectilesProjectiles

Sound waveSound wave

Blast Effects

CLASS 2 GASESGeneralGeneral A gas is a material in a state of matter that at normal A gas is a material in a state of matter that at normal

temperature and pressure tends to fill the space available temperature and pressure tends to fill the space available (diffusion).(diffusion).

Class 2 is sub-divided into 3 classes:Class 2 is sub-divided into 3 classes:2.1 2.1 Flammable Gases Flammable Gases

E.g. Hydrogen, E.g. Hydrogen, Propane, ButanePropane, Butane

2.2 Non-flammable Gases2.2 Non-flammable Gases E.g. Nitrogen, E.g. Nitrogen,

Oxygen, FluorineOxygen, Fluorine

2.3 Poisonous Gases2.3 Poisonous Gases E.g. Chlorine, E.g. Chlorine,

Arsine, Carbon Arsine, Carbon MonoxideMonoxide

HazardsHazards Physical storagePhysical storage

Gasses are difficult to store and the methods of storing Gasses are difficult to store and the methods of storing these gases pose a great hazard if not handled properly these gases pose a great hazard if not handled properly or not stored properlyor not stored properly..

CompressedCompressed

GeneralPressurisedGas phaseEg. air, acetylene

HazardsProjectile

GeneralPressurisedGas/liquid phaseEg. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)HazardsProne to ignitionProjectile

GeneralVery low temperaturesLiquid phaseEg. ammonia, nitrogen, oxygenHazardsFrost biteHigh expansion ratio

CLASS 2 GASES

CLASS 3 LIQUIDSGeneralGeneral Physical propertiesPhysical properties

Vapour pressure and density affects behavior of gas Vapour pressure and density affects behavior of gas when the liquid evaporates.when the liquid evaporates.

Wider flammability range Wider flammability range greater danger. greater danger.

HazardsHazards Flammable/explosive situationFlammable/explosive situation

Due to its tendency to generate flammable Due to its tendency to generate flammable vapour when released, an explosive situation vapour when released, an explosive situation will always arise in the event of a leak will always arise in the event of a leak ProjectilesProjectiles

Flowing fireFlowing fire Due to the physical nature of liquid to flow, any Due to the physical nature of liquid to flow, any

release will affect a large area causing fire to release will affect a large area causing fire to spread along drains, low-lying areas, etc.spread along drains, low-lying areas, etc.

Toxic, corrosive, carcinogenicToxic, corrosive, carcinogenic Some liquids can be toxic if consumed, Some liquids can be toxic if consumed,

corrosive to the skin and even cancer-causing.corrosive to the skin and even cancer-causing.

CLASS 4 SOLIDSGeneralGeneral4.1 Solids that easily 4.1 Solids that easily

ignited and difficult ignited and difficult to extinguish eg. to extinguish eg. MagnesiumMagnesium

4.2 Air-reactive 4.2 Air-reactive substances substances (Spontaneously (Spontaneously combusts in air) eg. combusts in air) eg. White phosphorusWhite phosphorus

4.3 Water-reactive 4.3 Water-reactive substances substances

HazardsHazards Explosive or toxic situationExplosive or toxic situation

Generation of flammable or toxic gas/vapourGeneration of flammable or toxic gas/vapour

Difficult to extinguishDifficult to extinguish Once a fire has been initiated, it is difficult to Once a fire has been initiated, it is difficult to

extinguish metal fires due to the high temperatures extinguish metal fires due to the high temperatures involved. Some metals can be so hot that involved. Some metals can be so hot that application of water can result in a steam explosion application of water can result in a steam explosion due to the rapid expansion of water.due to the rapid expansion of water.

Metal dustMetal dust Can cause serious complications to health if inhaled.Can cause serious complications to health if inhaled.

CLASS 4 SOLIDS

GeneralGeneral Substances that releases Substances that releases

oxygenoxygen

Generally, oxidizers are Generally, oxidizers are compounds which release compounds which release oxygen when they react with oxygen when they react with other substances intensifying other substances intensifying the fire. the fire.

Examples of oxidizers are Examples of oxidizers are aluminium nitrate, fluorine, aluminium nitrate, fluorine, hydrogen peroxides, etc.hydrogen peroxides, etc.

CLASS 5 OXIDIZER

HazardsHazards

Oxidizers are very reactive Oxidizers are very reactive compounds & Spontaneously compounds & Spontaneously combustible that will burn combustible that will burn fiercely when combining with fiercely when combining with combustible materials or intimate combustible materials or intimate with ordinary combustible .with ordinary combustible .

CLASS 5 OXIDIZER

CLASS 6 POISONSGeneralGeneral Substances that Substances that

cause death or cause death or serious health effects serious health effects upon exposure upon exposure through:through:InhalationInhalationIngestionIngestionAbsorptionAbsorption

HazardsHazards Interferes with bodily Interferes with bodily

functions functions Carbon Monoxide – binds to Carbon Monoxide – binds to

red blood cells, deprives red blood cells, deprives body of oxygen body of oxygen

Hydrogen Fluoride - binds Hydrogen Fluoride - binds to calcium in bonesto calcium in bones

Cyanides – interferes with Cyanides – interferes with respirationrespiration

CLASS 6 POISONS

Effects of Arsenic

CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVESGeneralGeneral Radioactive substances Radioactive substances

emits radiationemits radiationNon-ionizing radiation - radio Non-ionizing radiation - radio

waves, UV, infraredwaves, UV, infraredIonizing radiationIonizing radiation

E.g. E.g. Alpha particlesAlpha particlesBeta particlesBeta particlesGamma raysGamma rays

HazardsHazards Radiation Radiation

sicknesssicknessNausea Nausea VomitingVomitingDiarrheaDiarrheaExhaustionExhaustionHaemorrhageHaemorrhage

Radiation injuryRadiation injuryBurnsBurns

Radiation Radiation poisoningpoisoningCancerCancer

CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVES

CLASS 8 CORRISIVESGeneralGeneral Substances that can cause Substances that can cause

visible destruction to tissuevisible destruction to tissueAcidsAcidsBasesBases

Most widely used in Most widely used in industryindustryE.g. Sulfuric acid , E.g. Sulfuric acid ,

Hydrochloric acid, Sodium Hydrochloric acid, Sodium Hydroxide Hydroxide

HazardsHazards Skin and tissue destructionSkin and tissue destruction Reacts with metals - liberate Reacts with metals - liberate

hydrogenhydrogen May be absorbed into skinMay be absorbed into skin React with chemicals - liberate React with chemicals - liberate

heatheat

CLASS 8 CORRISIVES

Chemical burns

CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS Class 9 encompasses Class 9 encompasses

all hazardous materials all hazardous materials that do not fit into one that do not fit into one of the definitions listed of the definitions listed in Class 1 through Class in Class 1 through Class 8.8.

Example – Dry ice, Example – Dry ice, pollutantspollutants

Different classes of HazMat have Different classes of HazMat have different properties and pose different properties and pose different threats.different threats.

Knowledge of properties and hazards Knowledge of properties and hazards for different HazMat classes allows for different HazMat classes allows us to take the appropriate protective us to take the appropriate protective measures during an encounter, measures during an encounter, enabling us to protect and save enabling us to protect and save lives!lives!

CONCLUSION