3.00 vocabulary

All about cell theory and cells!!!

Microscopes Technology that is used to see tiny objects

are the most powerful microscopes today

Electron microscopes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch lens maker, used a homemade microscope to look at some pond scumHe was the first person to see single celled organisms. He called them “animalcules”

Robert HookeIn 1665, Hooke, an English scientist, used a microscope he had built to study a thin slice of corkHe saw the outer layers of the piece of cork’s cell wallsHe called the structures he saw “CELLS,” which means little rooms in Latin

Matthias Schleiden German botanistLooked at MANY slides of plant tissuesIn 1838, concluded that all plants are made of cells

Theodor SchwannGerman scientistStudied animalsObserved many different kinds of cells.In 1839, stated that all animal tissues are made of cells

Rudolf VirchowGerman doctorIn 1858, concluded that all cells developed from other cells

The Cell Theory1. All living things are made of one or more

cells.2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and of

function in all living things.3. All cells come from other living cells.

Write all of this!!

Fats and oils. Composed of carbon and hydrogen. They are used to store energy long term. Examples: butter, vegetable oil, found in cell membranes.

Lipids:

Smallest building block of a macromolecule. Used to make other molecules. For example: glucose and fructose are monomers of carbohydrates. Glucose + Fructose together make sucrose.

Monomer:

Simple sugars. Glucose and fructose are examples. Larger sugars are made by combining the simple sugars together.

monosaccharide:

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Building blocks of DNA & RNA. Used to store the genetic information of the cell. Ex: DNA & RNA.

Nucleic Acid:

A protein that increases the rate at which chemical reactions. The enzyme does not change.

Enzymes:

Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, and sulfur. Building blocks of amino acids. Examples: muscles in body, collogen in skin, hemoglobin in blood.

Proteins:

Many simple sugars in very long chains. Create molecules to be used for long-term energy storage. Examples: glycogen & cellulose

Polysaccharide:

Two simple sugars joined together. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose. Disaccharide:

Long chains of monomers stuck together.Polymer:

Molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for living things. Examples: glucose, sucrose, cellulose.

Carbohydrate:

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

1. No nucleus

2. No membrane covered organelles

3. Circular DNA

4. Examples: Bacteria!Draw picture!!!!

1. Nucleus

2. Membrane coveredorganelles

3. Linear DNA (line)

4. Examples: Every other type of cell: animal, plantfungus, protist

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Nickname: “The Control Center”Function: holds the DNAParts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that

helps make ribosomes

Nucleus

Function: makes proteinsFound in all cells, prokaryotic and

eukaryotic

Ribosomes

Nickname: “Roads”Function: The internal delivery system of

the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”Function: to break down food into

particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Lysosomes:

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATPATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Mitochondria

Function: stores waterThis is what makes lettuce crisp: When there is no

water, the plant wiltsVacuoles

Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell

Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane

Found outside the cell membrane in plant cellsCell Wall

These three organelles are ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS