AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

SUMMARISING EFFECTIVELY

INTRODUCTION TO APA STYLE

CENTRE FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING LIBRARY 3RD FLOOR09 441-8143 slc-alb@massey.ac.nz

The slides can be seen at: http://tinyurl.com/218150workshop2016

218.150: Writing Essentials

• What is plagiarism?

• When is it ok to copy something directly word for word instead of summarising it in your own words?

• What are the five steps to follow when you summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or website?

• How do you present information correctly in a table or chart?

• How would you reference your text book for this course?

• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

PART 1

Submitting work that’s been researched or written by someone else.

Submitting work that you’ve submitted before (e.g. for another course).

Submitting work that relies too greatly on model answers or sample solutions provided in the course material.

Copying text without including quotation marks, a page number and a citation.

Using ideas from books, articles or websites without including a citation.

What is plagiarism?

Massey University, 2010 (See: http://tinyurl.com/masseyacademicintegrity)

Harris, 2001, p. 96.

Even if you have

permission to use the

material (e.g. it’s on an

open source website),

it is still plagiarism.

Plagiarism ≠ copyright

Another’s

words?

Another’s

idea?

No

No

No need to cite

YesQuote and cite

it – author, year,

page

Cite it –

author +

year.

Yes

Harris, 2001, p. 158

Use of Sources

Decision Chart

SUMMARISING EFFECTIVELY

PART 2

Figure 23 shows an air admittance valve that may need repositioning since these are required to “be fitted in an upright position – they may fail if they are not vertical” (BRANZ, 1999, p. 45).

The air admittance valve (fig. 23) has not been fitted vertically, as required, and is therefore at risk of failure (BRANZ, 1999).

Example Quotation

Example Summary my own words

source of ideas

source of ideas & words

How do I summarise the source

text?

Step 1. FindStep 2. HighlightStep 3. Reduce to notesStep 4: Choose citation methodStep 5. Expand notes

Step 1: Find a relevant text

The credits are summed into a total score which determines the design’s overall environmental performance. To gain a GHS certificate, the design (or recently finished building) must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120 (An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up the balance of credits required. The four environmental performance categories (along with their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good (56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These categories reflect the overall environmental competency of the developed design, with the remaining credits becoming progressively more difficult to achieve.

The Green Home Scheme

extract from Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15

Step 2: Highlight the keypoints

The credits are summed into a total scorewhich determines the design’s overall environmental performance. To gain a GHS certificate, the design (or recently finished building) must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120(An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up the balance of credits required. The four environmental performance categories (along with their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good (56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These categories reflect the overall environmental competency of the developed design, with the remaining credits becoming progressively more difficult to achieve.

The Green Home Scheme

Step 3: Reduce to note form –and put away the original

Green Homes Scheme

total score = overall environ perf

to get cert, building must get 40/120

av house gets 5 – 8 credits

4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)

Step 4: Choose your citation method

• brackets (author, year)

• According to + author (year)…

• Author (year)+ verb …

According to Harrison (1996), organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they caninteract with the external environment from a position of strength.

Organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they can interact with the external environment from a position of strength (Harrison, 1996).

According to + author (year)….

Brackets (author, year)

Author (year) + verb

claim argue

explain

point out provide evidence

suggest

Harrison (1996) argues that organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they caninteract with the external environment from a position of strength.

Step 5: Expand those notes into coherent sentences that make them relevant to YOUR case

These were my notes

total score = overall environ perf

to get cert, building must get 40/120

av house gets 5 – 8 credits

4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)

The house’s overall environmental performance has been evaluated by means of a credit rating, reached by applying the criteria of the Green Homes Scheme (Hargreaves, 2005) under the guidance of an accredited assessor. At the time of writing, estimates could only be obtained for the categories marked with asterisks in Table 8 below. As the table indicates, the house would be likely to achieve the certificate, though at the lowest of the four possible bands. Although the threshold for this ‘fair’ category may seem rather low, at a mere 40/100, this still represents an environmental performance at least five times that achieved by the average home (Hargreaves, 2005). A higher band could only have been achieved through radical changes in design and materials (H. Rose, GHS assessor, personal communication, February 26, 2016).

8.2 Environmental Performance

INTRODUCTION TO APA STYLE

PART 3

When you copy a figure (e.g. a photo, drawing, chart etc), you need to put Figure, plus a number BELOW and put ‘Source’ before the citation.

Figure 1: Weightings of GHS categories (Source: Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15)

Tables are numbered (in their own sequence) and titled ABOVE

week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Contracted staff pay

8 000 6 500 9 200 5 300 8 000 11 050 10 500

Subcontracted staff pay

- 1 200 1 200 600 3 800 2 400 2 400

Materials and tool hire

12 000 12 000 6 500 6 500 4 300 8 400 9 200

Other Site expenses

2 500 1 300 1 300 1 300 1 300 2 500 2 500

Professional fees

2 600 3 600 4 200 2 400 4 200 1 600 600

Table 1

Variable Costs

• Source + citation isn’t needed in this case because the student compiled this data herself.

References

Aidee, B., & Beasy, R. M. (2001). Sound foundations. New York, NY: Nonexistent Press.

Bodger, N. (2006). Self-build do’s and don’ts. Retrieved from: http://www.madeupaddress.com/selfbuild.htm

Bulleyment, A. (2004). Plumbing and drainage guide: Revised Australasian version. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ.

Crook, G., & Slacker, R. (2006). Bach design. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunroaming Press.

Egghead, A. (2006). Computer-aided simulation in environmental impact evaluation within the construction industry. Modern Building Design, 18 (3), 273 - 284.

Hargreaves, R. (2005, May). Study report no. 135: Compendium and evaluation of building environmental impact schemes being used in Australasia. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ. Retrieved from: http://www.branz.co.nz/branzltd/publications/pdfs/SR135.pdf

Sparky, L., Chippie, B., Digger, J. C. B., & Rainey, D. (2007). The Australian constructor’s guide. Sydney, Australia: Cider Press

Format for an APA reference list

APA Interactive & Video

http://owll.massey.ac.nz

APA RESOURCES

Study Up (Online presentations)

http://tinyurl.com/studyup2016

Handy Guide to APA referencing

Download from Stream or pick up at the CTL

Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works Author: Standards New Zealand Edition: 1995 Publisher: Wellington [N.Z.]; Standards New Zealand, 1995 Notes: Series New Zealand standard; NZS 4202:1995

Referencing example

Standards New Zealand. (1995). Standard method ofmeasurement of building works. Wellington, NewZealand: Author.

The blah, blah method is only recommended for structures weighing up to 200 kg (Standards New Zealand, 1995).

CITATION

END-OF-TEXT REFERENCE

• What is plagiarism?

• When is it ok to copy something directly word for word instead of summarising it in your own words?

• What are the five steps to follow when you summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or website?

• How do you present information correctly in a table or chart?

• How would you reference your text book for this course?

• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS