“Specified patterns of behavior and/or

performance according to which the

individual approaches a learning

experience; a way in which the individual

takes in new information and develops

new skills; the process by which an

individual retains new information or

skills” . (Sarasin, L.C, 2006)

“The manner in which individuals

choose, or are inclined to

approach, a learning situation “.(Cassidy, 2004).

“The way an individual perceives,

organizes, processes, and

remembers information “.

(Beebe, Mottet, Roach, 2004).

By Seeing (visual)

By Hearing (auditory)

By touching (tactile)

Visual

Is also referred to as the visual-spatial style. People who favor this style prefer to use colors, images,

maps, charts and graphs to communicate and organize

information.

Auditory

Is one in which the learner interprets meaning and solidifies understanding

through the form of active listening.

Tactile/kinesthetic

The tactile learning style is almost always joined with the kinesthetic learning. Both styles involve bodily movement, and are very similar, but the tactile style is more moderate. it involves the sense of touch, and fine motor movements, rather than the large, whole-body movements seen in the kinesthetic learning style. The Tactile Learning Style takes in information through the sense of touch and feeling, and generally has good eye-hand coordination.

Are good with sign language.

Good at spelling but

forgets names.Need quiet study time.

Have to think awhile

before understanding lecture.

Are good at spelling

Like colors & fashion.Understand/like charts.

Draw a map of events in history or draw scientific process.Make outlines of everything!Copy what's on the board.Ask the teacher to diagram.Diagram sentences!Take notes, make lists.Watch videos.Color code words, research notes.Outline reading.Use flashcards.Use highlighters, circle words, underline.

good in study

groups.

Like to read to self out

loud.

are not afraid to speak in class.

Like oral reports.

good at explaini

ng.

Remember

names.

Notice sound effects in movies.

Enjoy music.

good at grammar and

foreign language.Read slowly.

Follow spoken

directions well.

Can't keep quiet for

long periods.Enjoy acting,

being on stage.

Using word association to remember

facts and lines.

Recording lectures.

Watching videos.

Repeating facts with eyes closed.

Participating in group discussions.

Using audiotapes for language practice.

Taking notes after writing them.

good at sports.

Can't sit still for long.

are not great at spelling.

Do not have great

handwriting.

Nervous during

lectures.

involved in martial arts,

dance.

Build models.

Take breaks when

studying.

Like role playing.

Like science lab.

Study with loud music

on

Like adventure

books, movies.

Studying in short blocks.

Taking lab classes.

Role playing.

Taking field trips, visiting

museums.

Studying with others.

Using memory games.

Using flash cards to

memorize.

Are the tools that students themselves can

employ independently to complete a language

task.

“Learning strategies are specific actions taken

by the learner to make learning easier, faster,

more enjoyable, more self-directed, more

effective, more transferable to new situations”.

Source (Oxford, 1990)

“Operations …to aid the:-acquisition,-storage,-retrieval, and-use of information…”

source (Oxford, 1990)

Language learning strategies are the

purposeful steps used by language learners

to:

-comprehend and process new information

more deeply,

-to help to recall old information, and

-apply knowledge and skills to facilitate

problem-solving.

Source (Nyikos, 1991)

There are two main types of learning

strategies:

Strategies for planning.

Strategies for learning.

Advance Organization

Doing a preview of what you

are going to learn.

Directing Attention

This means paying

attention to studying

something, and not doing other

things like surfing the Internet.

Self-management

This is understanding the conditions that help you

learn, and organizing

them.

Advance Preparation

Planning and learning that you will need for something

Self-monitoring

Correcting yourself if you

make a mistake when you are using

English

Delayed Production

When you first start to learn a new language you may decide not to try speaking until you

have learned some vocabulary, grammar

and pronunciation. You may just want to try listening first, before

speaking.

Self-reinforcement

This means giving yourself a present when

you have successfully

learned something.

Working Alone or with Other

Peopleget more ideassuggest improvements

mistakeencourage you to do better

Explaining/understandTeamwork

Self-evaluation (Self-assessment

or testing)Deciding if you have finished

learning a topic because your

English is good enough to do the things you need

Grouping: Putting things in

groups and in order helps you

to build a framework for

learning

Imagery: This means making pictures in your

mind to help you remember

things

Questions for Clarification: talk

to English-speakers and

asking for them to repeat,

paraphrase, explain or give

examples.

Recording yourself: record

yourself speaking, either on your

own, or with other people

Form a group of people to practice

speaking English Club

Sing: You can sing English

songs that you like, either

alone, or with friendsAct: you can

join a drama club or group that puts on English plays

Imagine: Imaging that you are in a

situation where you need to

speak English

Repetition: You can repeat a

word out loud or silently to practice

pronunciation

Sound: This means

remembering English sounds by using sounds

in your own language

Note-taking: it's a good idea to write down the main ideas, important points, an outline or a summary of a topic. Organization: You can use a mind-map, to help you organize the information.

Proof-reading: you can use this program to automatically check for some common mistakes.

Peer-review: ask a friend to read your text and comment on it. To-do list: write a list of 10 specific problems you have with your writing. Put them in order of seriousness or solvability. Work on the highest priority problems until you solve them.

Transfer: Use ideas that you already have to make learning easier. Translation: Read a story in a newspaper in your own language first, then read the same story in another language. Most of the story will probably be the same, so the story in your own language will help you to prepare for reading in (English).Inference: use the strategy of reading a newspaper story in your own language first for prediction.

Prediction: As well as predicting from newspaper stories in your own language, you can predict from your knowledge of the world, you knowledge of how people think, write and talk, and your knowledge of what the writer is like.

Physical Response: listen to

instructions about how to do

something, and follow the

instructions. Prediction: predict what someone is

going to say by the topic of the

conversation and your knowledge of that person's opinions.

Preparation: listen to the news in your own language, then listen

to it in English. Listening in your own language will help to predict what topics

and vocabulary will be in the English news.

Motivate yourself: like movies or music,

you can practice listening to them.

Use rules to work out the answer or how to do something.

Deduction

Recombination

Writing your own grammar book

Join together things you already know to make new things

Can contain rules, examples, your notes, lists of exceptions, etc.

Get a grammar

book

Read and listen

Using new grammar

After you learn some new grammar, use it in conversation or writing, and see what your listener's or reader's reaction is: do they understand you? You can ask "Did I say that right?"

Go to a bookshop and look at the different grammar books. Choose one that you understand.

To see how writers and speakers use English grammar to communicate their ideas

Contextualization

Elaboration

Inference

Put new vocabulary words into sentences to help you remember them and to test if you are using them correctly.

Relate new information to information you already know.

Use available information to predict or guess the meanings of new vocabulary items.

Translation

Personalization

Dictionary

Grouping

Read a story in your own language first, and then read the same story in an another language. Most of the story will probably be the same, so the story in your own language will help you to prepare for reading in another language.

Write down why the vocabulary item is important to you, where you first saw it, and when you used it.

Writing entries for the dictionary will help to learn words.

Group words into different areas, such as words in the different courses you study.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles

http://www.learning-styles-online.com/overview/http://www.ldpride.net/learningstyles.MI.htm#Learning%20Styles%20Explained

http://www.kucrl.org/sim/strategies.shtml

http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/strategy.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNxCporOofo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQYW6vYSGXs