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United States Parachute Association
2016Fatality Summary
Five-Year Averages 1997-2016
1997-2001 2002-2006 2007-2011 2012-20160
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
34.625.42221.8
Experience Level-2016
Student A B C D0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Experience Level
14
11
4
1
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
2016 Canopy-Related Fatalities-5
24%
Under Parachute (5/21)
• Canopy collisions: 1, jumper struck the back of another jumper while both were on final
• Landing problems: 2, two separate instances of jumpers killed when they landed off the airport (tree, billboard)
• Intentional high performance landing: 1• Unintentional low turn: 1
01234567
Unintentional—Trying to avoid an obstacle or face into the wind with a last-second turn.
Intentional—Trying to make a high-performance landing and misjudging the turn.
Intentional vs. UnintentionalLow Turn Landings 1999-2016
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
2016 Incorrect Emergency Procedures
Incorrect Eps (4/21)
• Tandem pair: incorrect response to a collapsed drogue
• Student: deployed reserve before cutting away• Jumper had 2 parachutes out that went into a
downplane, did not cutaway
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
1
2
3
4
5
Incorrect Emergency Procedures 1999-2016
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Equipment Problems-4
Equipment Problems (4/21)
• Incorrect 3 ring assembly: did not pass the loop through the metal grommet first before inserting the cutaway cable
• Student: unknown problem, possible suicide• Jumper had a premature brake fire and
cutaway too low• Jumper had a worn out main parachute that
collapsed when a front riser turn was initiated
0123456789
1019
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
1520
16
Equipment Problems 1999-2016
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Medical Related-2
• 47 year old with known heart condition• 61 year old new to the sport
0
1
2
3
4
Medical Related 2000-2016
• Youngest 40 years old• Oldest 73 years old• Average 60 years old
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Cutaway, No/Low Reserve Pull-2
Use of an RSL or MARD device can help ensure the reserve is activated after cutting away from the main canopy. RSL=Reserve Static LineMARD=Main Assisted Reserve Device
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Freefall Collisions-2
• Two wingsuiters collided soon after exit-one died• Two jumpers collided after break-off during a hoop dive-one died
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Other-2
• Steering line entangled with a helmet mounted GoPro camera• Military re-enactor had his belly-mounted reserve activated in the door of the AC
Landing Problem-2Equipment Problem-4Camera Entanglement-1Intentional Low Turn-1Unintentional Low Turn-1Cutaway-No Reserve-2Freefall Collision-2Medical-2Canopy Collision-1Incorrect Emrgency Procedures-4Airplane Strike-1
Four easy ways to reduce fatalities by 80%
21 Total 4 TotalX
• Smarter Canopy Piloting• Awareness in Freefall• Proper Emergency Procedures• Using a Reserve Static Line
1961: 5 fatalities per 1000 skydives2016: less than 1 fatality per 100,000 skydives (Index rate of .006)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Fatalities
Total/Year
Rate
Expon. (Rate)
Index Rate