Chapter 1:

Introduction

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN...What geography meansPhysical versus human geographyThe four components of physical geographyThe four components of human geographyThe four geographical concepts

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?It is a term of Greek origin, which means

‘geo’ = earth ‘graphy’ = to write or study

Therefore, ‘geography’ = to study about the earth

...and we seriously mean anything and everything IN it and ON it, which includes YOU!

WHAT DO GEOGRAPHERS STUDY?Anything and everything on Earth is honestly A LOT of ‘things’, so

geographers classify these ‘things’ into 2 categories

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

...the natural environments that make up the earth. Geographers study how these natural environments (spheres) work and interact with one another. They also study how these affect and are affected by humans.

...the issues and activities that concern humans. Geographers study how these issues and activities interact with one another, and how they affect and are affected by the natural environment.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYThe natural environment is divided into 4 main categories

BIOSPHERE...all living organisms that exist on earth, including plants and animals.

HYDROSPHERE...all the water on the earth, which includes surface, underground and air.

ATMOSPHERE...the layer of gas that surrounds the earth and the processes that involve it.

LITHOSPHERE...the solid outermost layer (crust) of the earth’s surface.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHYThe human environment is divided into 4 main categories

POPULATION...the total number of people living in a place.

SETTLEMENTS...places where people live, work and carry out activities.

DEVELOPMENT...how resources are used to achieve higher living standards.

CULTURE...the way people live, including economic activities, custom and religion.

GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS

A part of the earth’s surface that people identify and give meaning to.

The way things are distributed and arranged over an area; patterns.

The level at which a feature or an issue is examined.

The features and processes in the world that surrounds us.

PLACE SPACE

SCALEENVIRONMENT

Geographical Eye

KEY TERMSPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

BiosphereHydrosphereAtmosphereLithosphere

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

PopulationSettlements

DevelopmentCulture

CONCEPTS

PlaceSpaceScale

Environment

Take-home Task:Read TB pages 6 to 14 to revise what each key term means.

Complete WB Ex. 1.2 on pages 5 and 6. Read TB pages 20 to 35 to prepare for next lesson.

In-class Assignment:Complete WB Ex. 1.1 on pages 1 to 4.

Submit at the end of this lesson.