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First class of GES 679, Spatial Data Infrastructures and standards
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GES 679Geospatial Standards Development
Julie Binder MaitraSeptember 19, 2009
Topics
• Introductions• Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)• Standards organizations
Introductions
• Exchange of business cards• What do you do?• How is GIS relevant to your work?• Why did you enroll in the course?• What do you want to take away from the
course?
SDI - Definitions
• The means to assemble geographic information that describes the arrangement and attributes of features and phenomena on the Earth.
• “The technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute and improve utilization of geospatial data”
SDI - Definitions
• “The policies, organizational remits, data, technologies, standards, delivery mechanisms, and financial and human resources necessary …”
• “the policies, technologies, standards and human resources necessary for the effective collection, management, access, delivery and utilization of geospatial data’.”
Metadata
GEOdata
Web portal/services/clearinghouseWeb portal/services/clearinghouse
Framework
StandardsPartnerships
SDI - Components
SDI - Components
• Network• Spatial Data• Data catalogues/clearinghouses/registries• Web services• An Integrating Framework
SDI - Framework
• Guidelines/policies• “Core” data • Standards
– Metadata– “Core” data– Other spatial data– Services
• Institutional capacity and partnerships
SDI – a visualization
Data
Users
Discovery
Processing
Support SDI Imperatives with Geospatial Information To…
– Fused, non-linear, rapid and accessible
– Fully-integrated, virtual, earth-referenced information/knowledge
Imagery Intelligence DataAeronautical DataTopographic Data
Hydrographic DataGeodetic Data
Terrain Elevation Data
Relevant Common Operating Picture
GEOINT Knowledge Foundation
DATA FUSION DATA FUSION Imagery
Intelligence
Imagery
GeospatialInformation
Transforming from… Legacy stove-piped, linear, and
time-consuming products Imagery, Imagery Intelligence,
Geospatial information
SDI Requirements
SDI in Practice• Ad hoc and developing SDIs have existed
for over 10 years. • Baseline of standards support SDI
implementation • Spatial data portals and clearinghouse
networks enable users to discover and access geographic data
• Standards-compliant metadata and catalogues/registries underpin spatial data portals and clearinghouse networks
• A growing number of commercial products conform to OGC standards
• Demonstrations and operating implementations show that interoperability is achievable
SDI in Practice
Discussion
• What are the components of an SDI?• What might be some “core” data sets?• Do SDIs have intrinsic value?• What geographic extent might an SDI
have? • What might be the “final state” of the
SDI? Is there a “final state”?
A global view
Regional/Multi-national
Poverty ReductionE-Gov & E-BusinessDisaster ManagementLand Tenure Health MonitoringMarket Development and… many others
User Applications drawing on & supporting SDIs
National
State, local
Source: Henry Tom
GlobalGSDI
Standards and Profiles for Infrastructure & Applications
Examples of SDIs
• Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI), www.gsdi.org
• Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) – continental, inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu
• National Spatial Data Infrastructure (U.S.) – national, www.fgdc.gov
Standards organizations
• Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)• INCITS Technical Committee L1, Geographic
information systems• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)• ISO, the International Organization for
Standardization• ISO Technical Committee 211, Geographic
information/Geomatics• Open Geospatial Consortium
Federal Geographic Data Committee
• The FGDC is an interagency committee that promotes the coordinated development, use, sharing, and dissemination of geospatial data on a national basis.
• Standards facilitate the development, sharing, and use of geospatial data.• The FGDC develops standards only when there are no equivalent externally
developed standards• “The FGDC develops geospatial data standards for implementing the NSDI,
in consultation and cooperation with State, local, and tribal governments, the private sector and academic community, and, to the extent feasible, the international community.”
• Non-Federal representatives may provide technical input and comment on FGDC standards
• INCITS Technical Committee L1, Geographic Information Systems – “The work of INCITS L1 consists of adopting or adapting information technology standards and developing standards used in creating, defining, describing, and processing digital geographic data.”
• INCITS L1 is the means by which government agencies, private companies, and professional organizations participate in ISO and ANSI standardization activities for geographic information.
• INCITS L1 serves as the U.S. technical advisory group (TAG) to ISO Technical Committee 211 (ISO TC 211), Geographic information/Geomatics.
• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has accredited The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) to develop standards for Information and Communications Technologies (ICT).
• INCITS comprises many technical committees, including
INCITS L1, which develop standards in specific topic areas of ICT.
INCITS L1 membersAmerican Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM)
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS)
Bentley Systems Inc
ESRI
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
George Mason University (GMU)
Lockheed Martin Corporation
National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Northrop Grumman
Oracle
SeiCorp
U.S. Census Bureau
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Geological Survey
Is your organization represented on INCITS L1?
How to join INCITS L1• You may find information about joining
INCITS Technical Committee L1 through the INCITS website, www.incits.org
• Memberships run from December 1 - November 30: mark your calendars!
• ANSI is the U.S. member body of ISO, the International Organization for Standardization
• ANSI is a non-governmental organization• ANSI is not a standards development
organization; rather it accredits standards developers, certification bodies, and technical advisory groups (TAGs) to both ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• ANSI-accredited development organizations are frequently trade associations: for example, the Information Technology Information Council (ITIC) hosts the INCITS Secretariat.
• ANSI’s other roles include– Publishing notices of national adoption of standards and public
review of standards in the ANSI Standards Action newsletter.– Reviewing final draft standards through its Board of Standards
Review (BSR)• Standards developed through ANSI-accredited organizations such
as ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) are allowed to bypass the BSR, based on their extensive history of standards development.
• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards.
• ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of 162 countries, with a Central Secretariat that coordinates the system: “one country, one vote”
• ISO is an NGO that bridges the public and private sectors. Many member institutes are part of the governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated by their government. Others have their roots in the private sector, having been set up by national partnerships of industry associations.
• ISO is not an acronym! It does not stand for “International Standardization Organization,” as translations into different languages would result in different acronyms. Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of the organization's name is always ISO.
• ISO comprises many technical committees, the most relevant to us being ISO Technical Committee 211, Geographic information/Geomatics
ISO TC 211Geographic information/Geomatics
… … building the foundation of the geospatial building the foundation of the geospatial infrastructure, brick by brick ...infrastructure, brick by brick ...
The goal of ISO/TC 211...... is to develop a family of international standards that will
• support the understanding and usage of geographic information• increase the availability, access, integration, and sharing of
geographic information• enable inter-operability of geospatially enabled computer systems• contribute to a unified approach to addressing global ecological and
humanitarian problems• ease the establishment of spatial data infrastructures on local,
regional and global level• contribute to sustainable development
Scope of ISO/TC 211• Standardization of digital geographic information.• This work aims to establish a structured set of standards for
information about objects or phenomena directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.
• These standards may specify methods, tools and services for data management (including definition and description), acquiring, processing, analyzing, accessing, presenting, and transferring data in digital/electronic form between different users, systems and locations.
• These standards shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data wherever possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.
JAGJAGAG StrategyAG Strategy
WG 6 WG 6 Douglas O’BrienDouglas O’Brien
CanadaCanada
WG 7WG 7Antony CooperAntony Cooper
South AfricaSouth Africa
WG 9WG 9Hiroshi ImaiHiroshi Imai
JapanJapan
WG 10 WG 10 Sang-Ki HongSang-Ki Hong
KoreaKorea
WG 4WG 4Morten BorrebækMorten Borrebæk
NorwayNorway
ISO/TC 211 organization
Geospatial Geospatial servicesservices
ImageryImagery InformationInformationcommunitiescommunities
InformationInformationmanagementmanagement
AG OutreachAG Outreach
ChairmanChairmanOlaf ØstensenOlaf Østensen
SecretarySecretaryBjørnhild SæterøyBjørnhild Sæterøy
NorwayNorwayTMGTMG
TF 211/204TF 211/204Andrew Jones
Jinsoo You
Chairman
Henry Tom, Hans Knoop
John Herring
Jinsoo YouPaul Smits
TF 211/SC 24TF 211/SC 24Vacant
HMMGHMMG
PMGPMG
UbiquitousUbiquitousPublic AccessPublic Access
Serena Coetzee
ISO/TC 211 voting members
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChinaCzech Rep.DenmarkEcuadorFinlandFranceGermany
HungaryItalyJapanRep. of KoreaMalaysiaMoroccoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPeruPortugal
Russian FederationSaudi ArabiaSerbiaSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandThailandUnited KingdomUnited States of America
ISO/TC 211 non-voting members
ArgentinaBahrainBrunei DarussalamColombiaCroatiaCubaEstoniaGreeceHong KongIceland
IndiaIndonesiaIsl. Rep. of IranIrelandIsraelJamaicaKenyaMauritiusOmanPakistan
PhilippinesPolandRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaTanzaniaTurkeyUkraineUruguayZimbabwe
External liaisons• CEOS, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites• DGIWG, Defence Geospatial Information Working Group• EuroGeographics• EuroSDR, European Spatial Data Research• ESA, European Space Agency• FIG, International Federation of Surveyors• GSDI, Global Spatial Data Infrastructure• IAG, International Association of Geodesy• ICA, International Cartographic Association• ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization• IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society• IHB, International Hydrographic Bureau • ISCGM, International Steering Committee for Global Mapping• ISPRS, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing • JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Commission • OGC, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.• OGP, International Association of Oil and Gas Producers• PAIGH, Panamerican Institute of Geography and History
External liaisons• PCGIAP, The Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure
for Asia and the Pacific• PC IDEA, Permanent Committee on Spatial Data
Infrastructure for the Americas• SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research• UN Economic Commission for Africa• UN Economic Commission for Europe, Statistical Division• UNGEGN, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical
Names• UNGIWG, United Nations Geographic Information Working
Group• UN FAO, Food & Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations• UPU, Universal Postal Union• WMO, World Meteorological Organization• CEN/TC 287, Geographic information• CEN/ISSS Workshop on Metadata for Multimedia
Information - Dublin Core• CEN/TC 278, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Internal liaisons• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Computer graphics and image processing• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 Automatic identification and data capture
techniques• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data Management and Interchange• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36 Information technology for learning, education and
training • ISO/TC 20 /SC 13 Space data and information transfer systems• ISO/TC 59/SC 13 Organization of information about construction works• ISO/TC 69 – Applications of statistical methods• ISO/TC 154 Processes, data elements and documents in
commerce, industry and administration• ISO/TC 171 Document management application• ISO/TC 184/SC 4 Industrial data and global manufacturing languages• ISO/TC 204 Transport Information and Control Systems• ISO/TC 207 Environmental management • ISO/TC 241 Project Committee: Road-Traffic Safety Management
System• SCIT, The ISO Steering Committee for Image Technology• The Study Group on Sensor Networks
Special groups
• Advisory group on strategy
• HMMG – Harmonized Model Maintenance Group – harmonization of UML models
• Advisory group on outreach
• JAG – ISO/TC 211 / OGC Joint Advisory Group
• TMG – Terminology maintenance group
• PMG – Programme Maintenance Group• Task force to support convergence between relevant ISO/TC 204 and
ISO/TC 211 projects • Task force to support convergence between relevant JTC 1/SC 24 and
ISO/TC 211 projects
• OGC is an international consortium of vendors, content providers, integrators, other technology providers, government agencies and universities
• OGC develops advanced open systems standards and techniques in geoprocessing and related information technologies.
• OGC interface and encoding specifications enable interoperability among diverse geospatial data stores, services, and applications.
OGC VisionA world in which everyone benefits from geospatial information …
“Tenets”• Geospatial information should be easy to find• Once found, geospatial information should be easy to access or
acquire • Geospatial information from different sources should be easy to
integrate, combine, or use in spatial analyses• Geospatial information from different sources should be easy to
register, superimpose, and render for display. • Special displays and visualizations should be easy to generate,
even when many sources and types of data are involved. • It should be easy to incorporate into enterprise information systems
geoprocessing resources from many software and content providers.
Putting it all together
Organizational relationships
IETF / W3C
IT Infrastructure
FGDC Thematic data standards
OGC
Interface and Encoding
De
Fact
oD
e Ju
re
Domain Infrastructure
Functional relationships
ISO/TC 211
Conceptual modeling
Data spec methodologies
• Name the standards organizations discussed today
• Describe what each organization does• Describe organizational relationships among the
standards bodies discussed today• Describe functional relationships among the
standards bodies discussed today• What is the difference between de facto and de
jure standards?
Discussion
Future classes
• Standards processes and expectations• Standards reference models• Select geospatial standards
References
• FGDC, www.fgdc.gov• INCITS Technical Committee L1, Geographic
information systems, l1.incits.org• INCITS, www.incits.org• ANSI, www.ansi.org• ISO, www.iso.org• ISO TC 211, www.isotc211.org• Open Geospatial Consortium,
www.opengeospatial.org
(Ms.) Julie Binder Maitra
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
Chair, FGDC Standards Working Group
International Representative, INCITS Technical Committee L1,
Geographic Information Systems
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (703) 648 4627 GMT -5 h
Web:
FGDC Standards: www.fgdc.gov/standards/
INCITS L1: l1.incits.org
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/juliebindermaitra
"We live in two worlds:
the world that we can measure with line and rule, and
the world that we feel with our hearts and imagination." - Leigh Hunt
Thank you!