Cell Biology S. Rahgozar,PhD University of Isfahan Faculty of Science 1. An overview of cells and cell research 1.1. The origin of cells and experimental models 1392-93
1. Cell Biology S. Rahgozar,PhD University of Isfahan Faculty
of Science 1. An overview of cells and cell research 1.1. The
origin of cells and experimental models 1392-93
2. C The origin and evolution of cells o Classification
Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
3. Spontaneous formation of organic molecules The first cell
3.8 billion years ago 750 million years after the formation of
Earth Date? How? Spontaneous polymerization of molecules under
existing Earth atmosphere 1950s- Miller
4. Self replication of RNA 1980s- Altman & Cech RNA is able
to Act as a template Catalyze its own replication
5. Enclosure of Self replicating RNA in a lipid membrane
6. Generation of metabolic energy The evolution of
metabolism
7. Electron micrograph of E.Coli Classification of Prokaryotes
Archaebacteria Eubacteria (Present-day bacteria)
(Thermoacidophiles) The largest and most complex prokaryotes are
Cyanobacteria 30,000 ribosomes
8. Eukaryotic cells Origin Endosymbiosis Mitochondria and
Chloroplasts Are similar in size Reproduce by dividing Contain
their own DNA which is distinct from the nuclear genome Ribosomes
and ribosomal RNAs are more related to bacteria
9. Evolution of cells
10. Electron micrograph of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Colonial
green algae (Vovox) Light micrograph of Amoeba proteus The
development of multicellular organisms
14. E.Coli Photograph of E. Coli bacterial colonies Yeasts
Electron micrograph of Saccharaomyces cervisiae Doubling time under
optimal culture: 20 min 108 cells Doubling time: 2 h Genome: 16
linear chromosomes Contains nuclear membrane
15. Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila melanogaster Genes are in
Number Function to human genes similar Contains: 959 Somatic cells
1000-2000 Germ cells Reproductive cycle: 2w
16. Arabidopsis thaliana Vertebrates Contains only about 125
million bps, but 26,000 genes(15,000) o More complex genes (10-30 )
o More specific cells (150-200 cell types)
17. o Zebrafish An adult fish A 24h old embryo o Xenopus laevis
Eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis
18. o Mouse Piebaldism (defect in pigmentation) as a result of
mutations in a gene required for normal migration of melanocytes
Mutations in homologous genes result in similar developmental
defects
